摘要
社会学领域的中国研究通常被认为是西方社会科学/区域研究的一部分,而中国的社会学则属于中国的社会科学。两者的共同点是面向中国正在发生的快速社会变革所提供的丰富的社会问题和挑战,以中国社会为研究重点。此外,随着中国在全球的影响力不断扩大,人们越来越需要更深入地了解中国所处的国际环境及其对他国社会发展的影响。以德国“社会科学中国研究工作组”的讨论为出发点,本文探讨了社会学领域的中国研究和中国的社会学是否以及应该如何超越古典社会学方法论中的民族主义,成为新兴的世界性/全球性社会学的一部分。本文认为,新兴的全球社会学场域特征是社会学知识的生产和传播的碎片化和不对称性,而社会学领域的中国研究和中国的社会学则是从不同的角度进入这一场域的——也是嵌入在不同国家的政治、学术体制和资金框架之中的。本文借鉴迈克·布洛维对社会学知识生产的类型划分,即专业、政策、批判和公共社会学四个矛盾而又相辅相成的理想类型,进而论证应该强化以中国为对象的、着重理论基础阐述的社会学(指批判性和公共社会学)知识的反思性生产,并找到其学术和非学术的受众。同时,这样的做法可能为眼下不对称发展的全球社会学这个新兴场域中的社会学领域的中国研究和中国的社会学提供共同讨论的基础。
Sociological China studies are normally thought of as part of Western social sciences/area studies,whereas Chinese sociology is associated with sociology in China.What both have in common is Chinese society as their research focus,while the country's ongoing rapid social change provides an abundant variety of social issues and challenges to work on.In addition,with China's increasing global presence,there is an ever greater need for deeper understanding of the country's global interrelations and social influences beyond its domestic borders.Taking the German Association for Social Science Research on China as its starting point,this paper explores whether and how sociological China research and Chinese sociology are becoming parts of an emerging cosmopolitan/global sociology existing beyond the methodological nationalism of classical sociology.It argues that the emerging field of global sociology is characterized by the fragmented and asymmetric production and diffusion of sociological knowledge,and that sociological China studies and Chinese sociology are entering this field from different angles—while also being embedded in different national political,academic,and funding frameworks.Drawing on Michael Burawoy's typology of the production of sociological knowledge as a contradictory yet complementary division of professional,policy,critical,and public sociology,the paper further argues in favor of strengthening the reflexive production of sociological knowledge on China(meaning critical and public sociology)that seeks to elaborate on its critical foundations and to find its academic and extra-academic audiences.At the same time,this might also provide common ground for sociological China studies and Chinese sociology within the currently asymmetrical emerging field of global sociology.
出处
《中国研究》
2021年第1期3-18,330-331,共18页
China Studies
