摘要
随着“工业4.0”的到来,越来越多的制造业企业开始引入工业机器人等自动化设备替代人工,“机器换人”已经成为不可避免的发展趋势。本文基于2018年广东省制造业“企业-员工匹配”问卷调查数据,探讨了企业“机器换人”对员工技能水平的影响。研究发现,在广泛引入工业机器人等自动化设备的企业中,高教育水平员工比例显著增高;同时,员工技能培训时间显著增长,说明制造业企业“机器换人”会提高员工的总体技能水平。在此基础上,本文进一步分析了引入自动化设备的企业中员工间的技能差异,发现非自动化部门员工的技能水平显著提高,而自动化部门员工的技能水平没有显著提升,因此“机器换人”造成了企业员工内部的技能分化。
With the coming of“Industry 4.0”,increasing numbers of manufacturing enterprises have utilized automated equipment including industrial robots to replace workers.“Replacing humans with machines”has become an unavoidable tendency in China's manufacturing industry.Based on the data from an“employer-employee matched”survey in Guangdong's manufacturing industry,this article examines the impact of“machines replacing humans”on the skill level of workers.It finds that enterprises which have adopted industrial robots and other automated equipment have a higher percentage of high-educated workers.In addition,workers have longer period of on-the-job training in these enterprises,which shows that“replacing humans with machines”in manufacturing companies will improve the overall skill level of employees.On this basis,this article further explores the differences of skill levels among workers in enterprises adopting automated equipment.It finds that for workers in non-automated departments,their skill levels have been upgraded,but for those in automated departments,they have not experienced skill upgrading.That is to say,while“machines replacing humans”initiative in manufacturing enterprises has increased overall levels of workers'skill,it has also enlarged skill differential among them.
作者
雍昕
邓韵雪
Yong Xin;Deng Yunxue
出处
《中国研究》
2021年第1期208-227,336-337,共22页
China Studies
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目“‘智能制造’趋势下劳动者技能演变机制及应对策略研究”(项目批准号:20CSH044)
湖南省教育厅科学研究优秀青年项目“农民工职业流动对子女教育质量的影响机制研究”(项目批准号:20B552)
湖南省社科基金青年项目“劳动过程视角下农民工维权实践类型与塑造机制研究”(项目批准号:16YBQ075)的阶段性研究成果
