摘要
汉代是漏刻制度形成和完善的关键时期,主要表现在铜壶滴漏技术的进步和昼夜百刻制度的定型。其中,技术上的进步主要是二级漏刻的出现。这种漏刻更为精确,也更为稳定可靠,同时也促进了漏刻的广泛使用。而昼夜百刻制度的定型说明对一日之内的时间如何进行细分,人们已经基本达成了共识。时间精确到"刻"对汉代人的日常生活和思想观念都产生了重要影响。"刻"是比"时"更小的时间单位,不仅能够测量时间点,还能够计量一段较小的时间段。而"刻"的出现也让原来模糊的"时"能确定在某个具体时间点上,使其变得精确可计量。漏刻的广泛使用深刻地影响了汉代人的时间观念,促进了人们对精确化和时间细分的认识,也使得人们正确认识自身感知和技术进步之间的关系。
The Han dynasty is the key period for the formation and improvement of the system of clepsydra,which is mainly reflected in the improvement of the technology of copper clepsydra and the finalization of the system of dividing a day into one hundred moments(Zhouyebaike,昼夜百刻).The improvement of technology is manifested in the emergence of secondary clepsydra,which were more accurate,more stable and reliable,and meanwhile promoted the widespread use of clepsydra.The finalization of the system of dividing a day into one hundred moments indicates that people had basically reached a consensus regarding how to segment a day’s time.Besides,the detailing of time into"moment"had an important impact on people’s daily life and ideology in the Han dynasty."Moment"is a smaller time unit than"hour".It could not only measure a point in time,but also measure a relatively small period of time.The emergence of"moment"also made the previously fuzzy"hour"accurate and measurable,and thus fastened it to a specific point in time.The widespread use of clepsydra influenced the Han people’s concept of time,promoted the accurate and detailed understanding of time,and made people realize the relationship between self-perception and technological improvement.
出处
《史学月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第2期18-30,共13页
Journal of Historical Science
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“秦汉时期的国家构建、民族认同与社会整合研究”(17ZDA180)
关键词
立表下漏
海昏侯铜漏
浮箭漏
昼夜百刻
时制
Libiaoxialou(立表下漏)
Marquis Haihun’s Copper Clepsydra
Floating Arrow Clepsydra
Dividing a Day into One Hundred Moments
Time System
