摘要
第二次世界大战之前,德国在原子核物理领域的探索过程中形成了影响力巨大的专业化团队。德国战败后,苏联实施核计划,为补齐人才缺口,采用法律、经济和强制手段,通过在德国本土签约和从战俘营中挑选两种渠道招募了324名德国专家参加核计划。德国专家承担的工作是苏联核计划基础性工作的重要组成部分,而非一般辅助性工作;具体研究工作处于核计划中的主流方向,而非旁枝末节。苏联原子弹、氢弹爆炸之后,德国专家一再要求回国,但被苏联政府一再挽留,其作用由此可见一斑。
Before the Second World War,Germany founded a professional team with a huge influence in exploring nuclear physics.After Germany’s defeat in World WarⅡ,USSR implemented its nuclear program.In order to fill the talent gap,USSR adopted legal,economic,and compulsive means and recruited 324 German specialists to take part in the USSR nuclear program by means of signing contracts in Germany and selecting prisoners from the POW camps.The work undertaken by the German experts was an important component of the basic work of Soviet nuclear program.Their concrete research work was in the mainstream direction of Soviet nuclear program rather than its minutiae.After the explosion of the Soviet atomic and hydrogen bombs,German experts repeatedly asked to return home,but were repeatedly retained by the Soviet government,whose important role was clearly manifested in this act.
作者
张广翔
王金玲
Zhang Guangxiang;Wang Jinling
出处
《史学月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第10期109-124,共16页
Journal of Historical Science
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“苏联核计划档案资料翻译整理研究”(15ZDB064)
关键词
德国专家
苏联
核计划
原子弹
A研究所
Г研究所
German Specialists
USSR
Nuclear Program
Atomic Bomb
A Institute
ГInstitute
