摘要
朝廷向臣下赏赐生日礼物是一种具有宋代特色的制度。原本个人性质突出的生日礼物进入制度,遭遇儒家关于“物”的观念和孝亲观念的挑战,形成制度与观念的冲突。宋人在公文中运用话语策略,将生日赐礼的道德意涵导向“养贤”和“移忠”,政治表述方式对传统文化观念的改写保证了制度的稳固。生日赐礼制度在个体、家族、国家等层面发挥政治效应:通过政治展演,炫示荣耀、敦睦宗族和激励士大夫;通过建构君臣共同体,形成具有人情味的君臣互惠关系;通过额外赏赐施加异恩,获得臣子的忠心和更多报效。生日赐礼制度成为理解宋代文化观念、文官政治特色等问题的一个切口。
It was a system characteristic of the Song dynasty that the imperial court would grant birthday presents to its officials.In consequence,the personalized nature of birthday presents encountered challenges from the Confucian beliefs with regard to materialism and filial piety,which resulted in the conflict between system and concept.In response,the Song literati employed discourse strategies in official documents to direct the moral implications of birthday presents towards“nurturing the virtuous”and“shifting loyalty”.By using political expressions to reframe traditional cultural concepts,they were able to ensure the stability of the system.The system of granting birthday presents had political effects at the individual,familial,and national levels.Through political performances,it bestowed glory,harmonized clans and motivated the scholar-bureaucrats.By constructing a community of emperor and officials,a mutually beneficial relationship with the milk of human kindness was formed.Moreover,by granting additional rewards to officials,the emperor gained the loyalty and more diligent service from the officials.Therefore,the system of granting birthday presents provides an incision to understand the cultural concepts and the characteristics of civil politics in the Song dynasty.
出处
《史学月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第7期16-29,共14页
Journal of Historical Science
关键词
宋代
生日礼物
制度
文本书写
政治效应
Song Dynasty
Birthday Presents
System
Textual Writing
Political Effect
