摘要
汉代引文风气隆盛,与当时的社会政治变迁密切相关。汉初君臣言语尚直,时人著述中的引文相对较少。武帝崇儒重文,引文现象日渐增多,并在西汉中后期形成了诸多规范。两汉之际统治者倡导的谶纬之风影响到引文取向,此时文章中的引文不但出现频率高,而且大多引自谶纬书籍。汉末儒学虽然式微,但引文规范进一步形成,引文功能日趋多元化。引文被视为一种庄重的行为,来源要本乎经典,内容须合乎正义,形式要合符规矩,方式要合符时宜,功能是讽谏劝喻,语句要准确无误、真实可信,引文明者为高说;引文须依先师,义无相伐,不得取代事据,不得剽窃等等,成为汉代引文的主要规范。善于称引不仅能获得较好的学术声誉,而且会给自己的政治生活带来便利;不善征引者则会受到他人抨击,严重的甚至被削官夺爵,带来牢狱之灾。成熟于汉代的引文风习影响到后世的文学写作,引文也逐渐成为中华民族论证说理和传情达意的重要方式。
The practice of quotation was prevalent in the Han Dynasty,which was closely related to the social and political changes at that time.In the early Han Dynasty,there were few quotations in writings as both monarchs and ministers favored straight talking.Emperor Wu advocated Confucianism and attached importance to literature,and the practice of quotation thus became increasingly popular,and many norms were established in the middle and late Western Han Dynasty.In late Western Han and early Eastern Han,the ruling class promoted divination,which influenced the practice of quotation.At that time,articles were often fraught with quotations,and they were mostly from books on divination.Although Confucianism lost its popularity at the end of the Han Dynasty,more norms about quotation were established.The source must be classical,the content must be rightful,the form must conform to rules,the manner must be in tune with the times,the function is to satirize and expostulate,and words must be accurate and true.Articles with many accurate and appropriate quotations are excellent articles.Quotations should be from great masters and not contradictory with each,and no plagiarism.These are the fundamental norms for quotation in the Han Dynasty.The practice of quotation which reached maturity in the Han Dynasty has influenced the literary creation of later generations,and quotation has also gradually become an important way for Chinese nation to argue and reason,and express ideas and emotions.
作者
柯镇昌
KE Zhen-chang(College of Literature and Media,Jiujiang University,Jiujiang,Jiangxi,332005)
出处
《深圳大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第2期121-129,共9页
Journal of Shenzhen University：Humanities & Social Sciences
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“先秦汉魏晋南北朝文体理论整理与研究”(16BZW033)
关键词
汉代
文学
引文
规范
变迁
the Han Dynasty
literature
quotation
norms
change
