摘要
国际商事仲裁裁决既受仲裁地的司法监督也受执行地的司法监督,这让被撤销的仲裁裁决可能在另一国获得承认与执行。对此,有关自由裁量权和仲裁秩序独立性的讨论都希冀建立一种国际社会整体一致的冲突化解方法。相较之下,互惠原则通过双边协调来增进国际商事仲裁秩序的确定性,强调仲裁地与执行地国的双重视角。一方面,互惠原则将化解司法冲突的模式从整体协调转向个案协调,由个案的当事国双方决定如何化解司法冲突,被撤销的仲裁裁决既可因双方存在互惠关系而被直接拒绝承认与执行,也可因双方缺少互惠关系而进入审查程序;另一方面,在普适性的审查标准尚未确立的情况下,当事国法院能依据互惠原则构建起双边的审查标准。近年来与我国有关的此类案例相继出现,互惠原则具备提升仲裁监督司法合作的潜力。
The international commercial arbitration award is subject to the judicial supervision both of the place of arbitration and the place of enforcement.This double supervision mechanism has manifestly resulted in judicial conflicts which enable an arbitral award annulled by one country to be enforced by another.At present,this judicial conflict has sparked discussions about the discretion for court and the independence of arbitration order,both of which aim to establish a uniform resolution theory for the whole international community.In contrast,the existing principle of reciprocity can enhance the certainty of the international commercial arbitration order from bilateral perspective of the parties involved in the case.On the one hand,the principle of reciprocity shifts the method of resolving judicial conflicts from overall coordination to individual coordination.Both countries involved in the case are able to decide how to resolve judicial conflicts.In view of different reciprocal relationships among countries,the application for recognition and enforcement of an annulled arbitral award may be dismissed due to the existence of reciprocal relationship,or the arbitral award may be reviewed due to the lack of reciprocal relationship.On the other hand,the court the country concerned can establish a set of bilateral justifications based on the principle of reciprocity when the internationally recommended supervision criteria have not yet formulated.With the recent emergence of related cases in China,the application of the principle of reciprocity will be beneficial for judicial cooperation in arbitration supervision.
出处
《商事仲裁与调解》
2023年第5期94-108,共15页
Commercial Arbitration & Mediation
关键词
国际商事仲裁
被撤销仲裁裁决
承认与执行
互惠原则
《纽约公约》
international commercial arbitration
setting aside
recognition and enforcement
reciprocity
New York Convention
