摘要
从族群冲突涉及的行为体类型来看,印度东北各邦的族群冲突主要可以被分为族群分离运动和族群团体间冲突。前者在印度独立后成为困扰政府的主要冲突,而随着对族群分离运动的治理,族群团体间冲突在20世纪90年代以后成为突出问题。东北各邦的族群冲突成因可以从历史维度予以审视。地形地貌、语言、习俗、宗教信仰的客观差异与英国殖民政府建构的主观分裂使东北各邦在印度独立时就已经存在差异、竞争与冲突。印度独立后,分离运动的爆发既有族群团体的原因又有政府举措的推动。前者如族群精英在本族群团体具备了分离的主客观条件后进行的工具性动员;后者如政府并入东北地区的方式和对族群分离与团体间冲突的治理。进入20世纪90年代以来,团体间冲突成为主要的冲突形式。团体间冲突主要是围绕稀缺资源和维护集体身份的竞争而展开。在这种冲突中,印度族群联邦主义的制度设计既固化和凸显了集体身份,又影响到对叛乱的治理方式,从而带来了该区域武装运动的扩散和暴力的泛化。
From the perspective of the types of actors involved in ethnic conflicts,ethnic conflicts in the northeastern states of India can be classified as ethnic separation movements and inter-group ethnic conflicts.The former became the main type of conflict that once plagued the central government after India’s independence.With the governance of the ethnic separation movement,inter-group ethnic conflicts became a prominent problem after the 1990 s.The causes of ethnic conflicts in the northeastern states of India can be examined from a historical perspective.Due to the objective differences in topography,language,customs and religious beliefs,and the subjective division created by the British colonial government,there were already differences,competitions and conflicts in the northeastern states of India when India became independent.After India’s independence,the outbreak of the secession movements was driven not only by ethnic factors,but also by government initiatives.The former involved the instrumental mobilization by ethnic elites after their own ethnic groups had the subjective and objective conditions for separation;and the latter involved the way the northeastern states were merged into the central government,and the governance by the central government of ethnic separation and inter-group ethnic conflicts.Since the 1990 s,inter-group ethnic conflicts have become the main form of conflict,which have evolved mainly centering on competition for scarce resources and maintaining collective identity.In such conflicts,India’s institutional design of ethnic federalism not only solidifies and highlights collective identity,but also affects the way in which the rebellion is governed,thus bringing about the proliferation of armed movements and widespread violence in this region.
出处
《世界民族》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第2期34-46,共13页
Journal of World Peoples Studies
基金
上海哲社“西方干预话语与实践的批判性研究”(项目编号:2018EGJ002)的阶段性研究成果
