摘要
目的了解小学生营养健康相关知识及行为现状,为学校制定营养健康宣教和校园肥胖防控对策提供依据。方法采取分层整群抽样方法,抽取某小学三至六年级1616名学生作为调查对象,采用自填式对其营养健康相关认知及行为习惯进行问卷调查,采用SPSS 13.0统计软件进行分析,在性别、学段间知晓率和行为形成率的比较应用四格表χ^(2)检验。结果18项知识总知晓率为65.7%,最高达94.5%、最低仅34.9%;不同学段、性别之间总知晓率比较,高年级为68.4%,高于中年级的62.9%、女生为67.5%,高于男生的64.2%,两者差异均具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=96.108、34.423,P均<0.001)。饮食行为总体上,每周吃早餐>5 d为89.4%、喝牛奶>5 d为69.9%,从不挑食偏食为82.0%;不同学段、性别之间比较,吃早餐>5 d/周,两者差异均无显著性(χ^(2)=0.343、0.814,P均>0.05),喝牛奶>5 d高年级高于中年级,差异有显著性(χ^(2)=10.191,P<0.001),不挑食偏食高年级高于中年级,差异有显著性(χ^(2)=16.899,P<0.001)。结论学生的营养认知方面不够理想,行为形成率有待提升。
Objective To understand the nutritional and health-related knowledge of primary school students,and the current situation,so as to provide evidence for schools to formulate nutrition and health education and school obesity prevention and control countermeasures.Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was adopted to select 1616 students in grades 3-6 of a primary school as the survey subjects,and a questionnaire survey was conducted on their cognition of nutrition and health,and partial eating habits,and SPSS 13.0 statistical software was used for analysis,and the four-cell tableχ^(2)test was applied to the comparison of gender,awareness rate and behavior formation rate between/among school grades.Results In the total 18 items,the total awareness rate of the item was 65.7%,up to 94.5%,and minimum only34.9%.Compared with the total awareness rate between different school grades and genders,68.4%in the upper grade was higher than 62.9%in the middle grade,and 67.5%among the girls was higher than that of the boys(64.2%),and the differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)=96.108,34.423,both P<0.001).Overall,the students eating breakfast>5 days a week were 89.4%,drinking milk>5 days were 69.9%,and never picky eating were 82.0%.Compared between different school stages and genders,there were no significant differences in eating breakfast>5 days/week(χ^(2)=0.343,0.814,P>0.05),but there was a significant difference in drinking milk>5 days/week,between the upper grade and the middle grade(χ^(2)=10.191,P<0.001),and there was a significant difference between the upper grade(higher)and middle grade in the non-picky eating and partial eating(χ^(2)=16.899,P<0.001).Conclusions The students’nutritional cognition is not ideal,and the behavior formation rate needs to be improved.
作者
朱建勋
金玉燕
周瑞颖
周爱萍
ZHU Jianxun;JIN Yuyan;ZHOU Ruiying;ZHOU Aiping(Xitang Experimental Primary School,Kunshan High-tech Zone,Kunshan 215300,Jiangsu,China)
出处
《中国校医》
2023年第2期111-114,共4页
Chinese Journal of School Doctor
关键词
营养知识
饮食习惯
健康行为
小学生
Nutritional knowledge
Dietary habit
Health behavior
Primary school student
