摘要
凉山彝族(自称诺苏)是以“父系血缘”为根基的家支社会,其背后是根深蒂固的血缘根性意识。诺苏传统社会基于强大的家支意识和信念、坚实的家支组织以及完备的家支制度,生成了基于“血脉”关联之上的一种“整体性”亲族社会文化。这种整体性衍生了族群的核心象征性符号“祖”,塑造了以“祖灵”为结构核心的原生性宗教。诺苏原生性宗教以“游灵—家灵—族灵—祖神”的层级结构再现了诺苏社会“户—房—支—家”的家支层级结构,宗教仪式以“溯源—叙谱”的结构形式保障了诺苏社会“根骨意识”的稳固传续。原生性宗教通过信仰与仪式将个体—家庭—家支—族系紧密整合为一体,成了诺苏社会结构的再现与整合方式。诺苏原生性宗教与社会结构的互构关系亦表明血缘社会塑造“祖灵”作为信仰结构的核心,而地缘社会更强调“山神”“土地神”“寨神”等地域保护神的重要性,凸显了宗教与社会结构之间的关联,未来可进一步进行类型化的比较研究。
The Yi people of Liangshan(Nuosu)compose a clan-based society(cytvie)characterized by"paternal consanguinity".Based on a strong clan consciousness and belief system,solid organization,and a integrated system,the traditional society of the Nuosu has created a kind of"integratedness"between family and social culture based on blood relations.This integratedness derives its core symbol as the"ancestor"of the ethnic group,and shapes the indigenous religion with the"ancestor spirit"at the core of the belief structure.The hierarchical structure of the indigenous religion reproduces the hierarchical structure of the clan in Nuosu society.Religious rituals ensure the stable continuation of the"root consciousness"in Nuosu society in the form of"Retrospective Origin-narrating Genealogy".This indigenous religion closely integrates the individuals,clans,and ethnic group through beliefs and rituals,which have become ways to integrate different Nuosu social structures.The mutually constructive relationship between the indigenous religion and social structure also shows that the ancestral spirit is at the core of the belief structure in the consanguineous society,while their geopious society emphasizes the importance of regional deities,highlighting important relationship between religious belief and social structure and allowing for further typological comparative studies in the future.
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“民族宗教与国家治理问题研究”(项目编号:15ZDB123)及国家社会科学基金一般项目“本土心理学视域下凉山彝族对艾滋病的认知与应对研究”(项目编号:19BMZ131)的阶段性成果
关键词
原生性宗教
社会结构
凉山彝族
诺苏家支
indigenous religion
social structure
Liangshan Yi ethnic gruop
nuosu family clan
