摘要
所谓上古"五刑"刑罚体系的观点是受儒家经典和战国时邹衍的"五行"思想等影响而产生的,在迟至秦汉时期律令尚未法典化的背景下,难以确认先秦乃至秦、汉初存在着规范的"五刑"刑罚体系。曹魏《新律》"更依古义制为五刑"的实践探索具有划时代的意义。此后北朝少数民族王朝对中古法律史影响的一个亮点,是胡汉融合对中古"五刑"刑罚体系的形成具有重要作用,举凡"刑"的意涵演变、北魏绞刑入律在中国死刑立法中的划时代意义、流刑在北朝渐次进入正刑体系、鞭杖刑的转化、宫刑的一度死灰复燃等,无不与之相关。这对我们梳理中国古代刑罚史,尤其重新认识中古"五刑"刑罚体系的形成史和隋唐"新中国"等,多有启迪。
The so-called"Five Punishment"penalty system in ancient times is a viewpoint influenced by Confucian classics and the idea of"Five Elements"developed by Zou Yan during the Warring States period.Against the backdrop that laws and decrees were not codified,it is hard to confirm that there exited"Five Punishment"penalty system in Qin Dynasty and early Han Dynasty,letting alone in pre-Qin period.Wei Cao’s promulgation of the code mentioned"creating Five Punishment in accordance with ancient meaning",which is a practical exploration regarded as a turning point.After this,the minority-reigning dynasties in Northern Dynasties period has impacted on medieval legal history.One of the highlight was the significant bearing that Hu-Han Fusion had on forming the medieval penalty system of"Five Punishment",ranging from the change of meaning of"penalty",the unprecedented role of North Wei Dynasty’s inclusion of hanging into law in law-making regarding death penalty in China,exile’s winding into penal code in Northern Dynasty,the variation of caning,to the temporary revival of castration.All these are thus inspiring for us to tease out Chinese ancient history regarding punishment,especially to learn about the history regarding the formation of the medieval penalty system of"Five Punishments"and the"New China"in Sui and Tang Dynasties from a refreshing perspective.
作者
周东平
薛夷风
ZHOU Dongping;XUE Yifeng
出处
《学术月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第3期181-192,共12页
Academic Monthly
基金
国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“《魏书·刑罚志》译注”(20FFXB034)的阶段性成果
关键词
五刑
胡汉融合
绞
流
刑罚体系
Five Punishment
Hu-Han fusion
hanging
exile
penalty system
