摘要
相似的产品安全标准是否会带来相似的消费者安全水平?2007年,超过1900万件玩具因违反安全标准被召回;此后,欧盟和美国制定了监管儿童产品的新政策:2008年的美国消费品安全改进法案(CPSIA)和2009年的欧盟玩具安全指令。上述立法行为推动了相关玩具安全标准的建立,如ISO (ISO 8124)、美国(ASTM F963)和欧盟(EN 71)。尽管这些标准在文字上具有相似性,但是其实施结果并不一致。本文通过数据分析,展示欧盟和美国合格评定系统的执行情况,分析决定中国制造的玩具安全性的影响因素。研究发现,欧盟召回的违规产品加权总量是美国的10-20倍。这表明,国际标准的执行差异,将导致某些地区的消费者接触到更多不安全的产品。
Do similar standards of product safety lead to similar levels of consumer safety?In 2007,more than 19 million toys worldwide were recalled for violations of applicable safety standards.Following these recalls,both the EU and the US instituted new policies governing children’s products:the US Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008(CPSIA) and EU 2009 Toy Safety Directive.The relevant toy safety standards that emerged from this legislation,such as ISO(ISO 8124),US(ASTM F963),and EU(EN 71) standards are comparable in terms of their language but not their results.Using a data set profiling implementation of EU and US conformity assessment systems for determination of product safety for toys manufactured in China,we find that weighted recall totals for violative products are between 10 and 20 times higher in the EU than the US.This suggests that differences in the implementation of global standards result in more unsafe products initially reaching consumers in some locations.
作者
德里克B.拉森
萨拉R.乔丹
李倩(译)
王秋蕾(审校)
Derek B.Larson;Sara R.Jordan(Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,USA;Center for Public Administration&Policy,Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,USA)
出处
《国际行政科学评论（中文版）》
2019年第4期168-185,共18页
International Review of Administrative Sciences
关键词
消费者安全
全球治理
监管
回应性
consumer safety
global governance
regulation
responsiveness
