摘要
在近代汉语中,“罢”发展出了完结体的用法,这一用法在现代汉语普通话中已经不常使用,但是保留在河南新乡方言中,并继续发展。与近代汉语的“罢”相比,新乡方言的“罢”在表达完结时可以用在动补结构或形容词后,也发展出了表达经历的用法,语法化程度更高。但与独立型经历体标记“过”不同,“罢”在表达经历时需要依赖语境,即“语境型经历”。文章推测,当“罢”所在的句子与上下文语境之间构成因果关系时,更倾向于解读为经历义。从类型学的视角来看,完结体是经历体的来源之一,一些汉语方言和少数民族语言的完结体标记可以兼表经历。“罢”从停止义动词发展到完结体标记,进而发展出表达语境型经历的功能,这一语法化路径符合经历体的发展规律。
In Early Modern Chinese,ba(罢)developed the use as a completive,which is now rarely seen in modern Mandarin but remains and continues to evolve in the Xinxiang Dialect of the Henan Province.Compared with the completive ba(罢)in Early Modern Chinese,ba(罢)in the Xinxiang Dialect is with a higher degree of grammaticalization,because it can be located after a Predicate-Complement structure or an adjective,and develops the usage of expressing experiential meanings.Different from the independent experiential marker guo(过),ba(罢)receives the experiential interpretation through contextual support.This paper suggests that when the sentence in which ba(罢)is located constitutes a causal relationship with other sentences in the context,it is more likely to be interpreted as an experiential.From the perspective of typology,completives are one of the sources of the experiential meaning.Some completive markers can express experiential meanings in Chinese dialects and minority languages.From‘stop’-type verbs to completives and then to contextual experientials,the grammatical path of ba(罢)is in accordance with the developmental rule of experientials.
出处
《语言研究集刊》
2022年第1期262-279,406,共19页
Bulletin of Linguistic Studies
基金
浙江省教育厅科研项目“汉语经历体的语法化研究”(项目编号Y202045508)
第66批中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目“汉语完成范畴标记研究”(项目编号2019M660921)
国家社科基金重点项目“汉语方言语法特征语料库建设”(项目编号19AYY004)的阶段性研究成果
关键词
罢
新乡方言
完结体
经历体
语法化
Ba(罢)
Xinxiang Dialect
Completive
Experiential
Grammaticalization
