摘要
文章在鉴定并区分构式“V就V了”的两个下位构式后,讨论了构式的句法功能、构件特点、历时演变及其机制、反意外类型及其相应表现和与认识状态梯度的关系。在句法特点上,构式充当句子谓语,变项构件V由提取自前置事件的光杆动词和谓词性短语充当,“就”的性质是构式语义的来源。构式语义上,构式表“言者否定了V的实现及其后果所带来的重要性”义及意愿允准和反意外性等两个下位构式义。在历时演变上,清代中期意愿允准义构式“V就V了”在道义情态词“要”脱落后承继了来自明代的意愿句“要V就V了”,并在主观化与溯因推理机制下于民国时期进一步构式化为反意外性构式,后又与构式“X就X”发生联接。在反意外类型上,构式从意外主体上可分为三种类型、从话语功能上可分为两种倾向、从语境影响上可分为两种方式。此外,讨论了反意外性构式得以形成的认知动因和反意外类型与言听双方认识状态的关系。
After identifying and distinguishing the two subordinate constructions of the construction V jiu V le,this paper investigates the construction's syntactic functions,component characteristics,diachronic evolution and evolution mechanisms,its types of counter⁃mirativity construction and its epistemic gradients.In terms of syntactic features,the construction acts as sentence predicates,and the component V is realized by bare verbs and predicate phrases extracted from preposed events,and the semantic property of jiu is the source of the meaning of such a construction.Semantically,the construction indicates that speaker denies the importance of the realization of V and its consequences,and has two sub⁃meanings,i.e.,wish⁃permitted and counter⁃mirativity.In terms of diachronic evolution,the wish⁃permitted construction V jiu V le in the mid⁃Qing Dynasty developed from the volitional sentence yao V jiu V appeared from the Ming Dynasty after the volitional marker yao was dropped off.And then,the wish⁃permitted type was further constructionalizationed under the mechanisms of subjectification in the time of Republic of China,and was then connected with the construction X jiu X.The counter⁃mirativity use of the construction can be divided into three types according to the subjects of mirativity,into two tendencies according to their discourse functions,and into two categories with respect to the influences of the context.In addition,this article discusses the cognitive causes of the development of the construcation's counter⁃mirativity use and the relationship between the counter⁃mirativity types and the epistemic status of the speaker and the hearer.
出处
《语言研究集刊》
2023年第1期140-158,388-389,共21页
Bulletin of Linguistic Studies
基金
国家社科基金“汉语副词再演化的模式与功用、动因与机制的系统性研究”(项目编号20BYY153)
上海师范大学高水平地方高校建设一流研究生教育项目(博士研究生拔尖人才培育)的资助
关键词
“V就V了”
构式语义与反意外性
历时演变及其机制
反意外性类型与认识状态梯度
V jiu V le
construction meaning and counter⁃mirativity
diachronic evolution and its mechanisms
types of counter⁃mirativity and epistemic gradients
