摘要
本文考察了《道行般若经》及其同经异译本中对梵语关系小句的翻译。梵语中关系代、副词引导的关系小句,汉语中没有完全一致的范畴,因此译者在翻译时会采取不同的方式:或者是着眼于句法功能,翻译成汉语的关系小句或条件小句;或者是关注词汇意义,使用汉语中的指示词来翻译;或者在使用关系标记或指示词的同时,把“如”“随”“敢”等置于小句句首。以支谶为首的早期译者更多地译为汉语中的“者”“所”关系小句,在翻译时将小句翻译在主句外,且遵从梵语中关系小句相对主句的顺序。鸠摩罗什起,则绝大多数都译为条件小句,居于主句之前。
Comparing different Chinese texts of Astasahasrika Prajna paramita,we can inquiry into the translation of Sanskrit relative clauses.Translators have developed several ways when translating:either focuson the syntactic function and translated into Chinese relative clauses or conditional clauses,or focuson the lexical meaning and use the demonstrative words in Chinese,or employ“ru”“su”“gan”at the beginning of the clauses.The earlier translators headed by Lokaksema tended to translate them into Chinese relative clauses.When translating,the clauses were translated out of the main sentences,and their order relative to the main sentences was consistent with Sanskrit order.Beginning with Kumarajiva,most of them were translated into.conditional clauses,which always precede the main sentences.
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“佛典语言的中国化”(20&ZD304)的阶段性成果
关键词
关系小句
梵汉对勘
同经异译
翻译策略
relative clause
comparative study of Sanskrit and Chinese Buddhist Scriptures
different translations of same sutra
translating strategies
