摘要
本文讨论并优化了数理统计法在诗歌声律研究中的具体应用,提出应当用诗歌字频数计算四声字的理论概率,且应当用“排序概率”作为声调格式的理论概率。本文用优化的数理统计方法,分析了宋齐五言诗中每字位上四声字使用倾向和声调格式使用倾向。四声字使用倾向方面,宋齐五言诗中平声字和仄声字的使用倾向呈现出明显的互补分布,第一、第四字位有出现平声字的偏好,第二、第三字位有出现仄声字的偏好。声调格式使用偏好方面,刘宋到南齐五言诗声调格式规律性逐渐增强。高频四声格式倾向于集中在特定几类平仄格式中,存在使用偏好的平仄格式中符合近体诗律的格式增加。这种使用倾向为诗律理论的形成与发展提供了实践基础。
This paper discusses and optimizes the specific application of mathematical statistics used in the study of poetry rhythm,and puts forward that the theoretical probability of words of four tones should be calculated by using the frequency of words in poetry,and the“sorting probability”should be used as the theoretical probability of tone format.Using the optimized mathematical statistics method,this paper analyzes the use tendency of four tone characters and tone formats in each word position pentasyllabic poetry in Song and Qi dynasties.In terms of the use tendency of words of four tones in each character position,the using tendencies of even and oblique tone words have obvious complementary distribution.The first and fourth character positions have a preference for words with even tone,and the second and third character positions have a preference for words with oblique tone.In terms of tone format preference,the regularity of tone format of five character poetry from Liu Song to Southern Qi gradually increased.The four-tone formats with high frequency tended to focus on the specific even-oblique formats,and the formats in line with the metrical poetry increased in the even-and-oblique tone formats with preference.This tendency provides a practical basis for the formation and development of poetic theory.
基金
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地项目“基于上古汉语语义知识库的历史语法与词汇研究”(18JJD740002)
中国社会科学院语言研究所博士后创新项目“中古五言诗词汇、句法与韵律的互动”的支持
关键词
五言诗
四声
平仄
数理统计法
pentasyllabic poetry
four tones
level and oblique tones
mathematical statistics
