摘要
本文讨论近代汉语测度句中一些带有否定要素的副词,主要涉及“莫”“别”“不要”“怕不是”及相关词语。主要结论如下:“莫不是”“别不是”“怕不是”出现于测度句,是表测度的“莫、别、怕”与表测度的“不是”的套叠。这些词语一开始与负面义关联,有不希望的意味,但后来可以扩展到表示不合预期,甚至只是缓和语气。
Chinese interrogative sentences with speaker’s speculation can be marked by adverbs such as“mo(莫)”,“bie(别)”,and the like,which are originally adverbs conveying prohibition.In the meantime,these adverbs can be combined with canonical negative“bu(不)”or“bushi(不是)”,forming“mobu/mobushi(莫不/莫不是)”,“biebu/biebushi(别不/别不是)”,etc.In most of previous studies,the negative“bu(不)”or“bushi(不是)”in the combinations has been mistakenly analyzed as redundant.It is argued that the negative“bu(不)”or“bushi(不是)”has the same function as the prohibitive“mo(莫)”or“bie(别)”,i.e.indicating speaker’s speculation.Syntactically,the prohibitive“mo(莫)”or“bie(别)”is adjoined to“bu(不)”or“bushi(不是)”,resulting in a non-coordinate structure.
关键词
测度句
否定要素
羡余否定
sentences with speaker’s speculation
negative elements
redundant negation
