摘要
"黽"字的音读和形体源流皆较为复杂。学者对于"黽"字又切之关系以及"黽"与"蠅"是否谐声看法多有不同,对相关诸字的归部和构拟亦有分歧。本文依据出土材料梳理"黽"字形体源流,将其分为三类。在此基础上,考察它们在出土简帛中的押韵、谐声、假借现象,结合三家"新派"拟音体系,讨论其古读。本文认为:黽A为"蠅"字初文,古音以纽蒸部(*l??);黽B为"蛙黽"之"黽",古音明纽耕部(*m?re??);黽C为"黽池""黽勉"之"黽",古音明纽真部(*men?)。本文还讨论了"興""尋""孕"等字的古读和形体演变,并改进当前构拟方案,认为"興"带清流音声母■,"尋"带央元音(*-?m),"孕"归蒸部(*-??-s)。
Issues concerning the ancient pronunciation of the character黽and the development of its written form are very complicated.No agreement has been reached on the relation between the various ways of fanqie(反切)of黽and whether黽has a xiesheng(谐声)connection with the character蠅.This further caused disagreements on the categorization of黽and its related characters as well as the reconstruction of their ancient pronunciations.Based on excavated texts,this paper analyzes the development of the written form of黽and categorizes its forms into three types.According to the three systems of the reconstruction of Old Chinese(the systems given by Zhengzhang Shangfang,Pan Wuyun,and Baxter and Sagart),this paper investigates the rhyme and xiesheng of the three types of黽as well as their use as a replacement of another word,and proposes that:黽A was a primitive form of蠅"a fly"which can be reconstructed as■;黽B was equal to the黽in蛙黽"a flog",which can be reconstructed as■;黽C represents the黽in both黽池"a place in Henan province"and黽勉"endeavor",which can be reconstructed as■.In addition,this paper also discusses the reconstruction of the characters興,尋and孕.It is suggested that the characters興and尋should be reconstructed with a voiceless liquid initial■and a central vowel■respectively,and the character孕should be categorized into the蒸■group.
出处
《中国语文》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第1期111-123,128,共14页
Studies of the Chinese Language
基金
2017年教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(17YJC740066)
2019年贵州省哲学社会科学规划国学单列课题(19GZGX24)的中期成果
关键词
上古音
出土文献
“新派”构拟
“黽”
Old Chinese reconstruction
excavated texts
“new”reconstruction systems
黽
