摘要
目的了解飞行人员膳食摄入情况、评估健康水平,为制定营养优化方案提供科学依据。方法选择24名飞行人员作为调查对象,采用生活观察法计算每日能量消耗,按照标准(GJB 1636A-2016、GJB 826B-2010、GJB 826B-2016)提供的方法进行膳食调查和营养状况评价,同时检测身高、体重、体成分,并针对疲劳、睡眠、心理等方面的问题进行问卷调查。结果(1)评估调查对象每人每日的能量消耗为3674kcal,属于重度劳动强度。(2)膳食中蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物提供的能量占总能量的20.0%、46.0%、34.0%。(3)谷类、鱼虾类、豆类及豆制品摄入量不足,禽肉、畜肉、蛋类和水果类摄入过多;能量摄入为4443kcal,维生素B_(1)和维生素B6的膳食摄入量低于标准,而蛋白质、维生素A、维生素B_(2)、烟酸、维生素C、维生素E、钾、镁、钙、铁、锌、硒和碘的摄入量均高于标准。(4)调查对象超重及肥胖的比例分别为22.7%和4.5%,体脂率为(20.3±5.6)%,体脂过多的达到了50%。(5)所有调查人员均处于轻度疲劳状态;睡眠质量为好和中的分别有22人(91.7%)和2人(8.3%);症状自评量表结果均为阴性。结论飞行人员存在饮食结构不合理、体脂率过高等问题,建议调整饮食结构。
Objective To investigate the dietary intakes of pilots and assess their health status,and provide a scientific basis for optimizing the support measure.Methods A total of 24 pilots were selected.Daily energy consumption was estimated by physical activity recording method,and Nutrition surveys were conducted by weighing method.Height,weight and body composition were measured.Questionnaires about fatigue,sleep and psychological status were carried out.Results(1)The daily energy consumption of the pilots was 3674kcal,which belongs to severe labor intensity.(2)The proportions contributed by protein,fat and carbohydrate in total energy were 20.0%,46.0%and 34.0%,respectively.(3)The intakes of cereals,fish and shrimp,beans and bean products were insufficient,the intakes of poultry,livestock meat,eggs and fruits were excessive,and the intakes of vitamin B1 and vitamin B6 were lower than the standard,while the intakes of protein,vitamin A,vitamin B2,niacin,vitamin C,vitamin E,vitamin C,potassium,magnesium,calcium,iron,zinc,selenium and iodine exceeded the standard.(4)The proportions of overweight and obesity reached 22.7%and 4.5%,the body fat rate was(20.3±5.6)%,and the excess body fat reached 50%.(5)All pilots were in a state of mild fatigue.Only 2 pilots had medium sleep quality,while the rest had high sleep quality.The results of the symptom checklist were all negative.Conclusion Pilots have problems such as unbalanced diet structure and high body fat rate and dietary structure should be optimized.
作者
杨城
王锋
井浩瑞
魏艳超
肖然
冯星星
徐红
蒋与刚
YANG Cheng;WANG Feng;JING Hao-rui;WEI Yan-chao;XIAO Ran;FENG Xing-xing;XU Hong;JIANG Yu-gang(Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine,Tianjin 300050;93716 PLA Troops,Tianjin 300143;Tianjin Rehabilitation and Recuperation Center of PLA,Tianjin 300191,China)
出处
《营养学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第4期343-346,共4页
Acta Nutrimenta Sinica
基金
BWS18B026
