摘要
伏藏师在伏藏文献中能够以叙事的方式建构宇宙观层面的教说。如藏地的医师与仪轨师多将服石法(bcud len)认为是莲花生大师的伏藏法,是佛陀原初的教法,或是藏地医学的经典。本文旨在对藏地的医药伏藏进行简要介绍,尤其是以相传为衮邦达沃(Kun spangs zla’od,又名Kusasmanpa或Sku sa zla’od)所传之《因陀罗手服石》(Dbang po lag pa’i bcud len)、《阿育吠陀》及《医学四续》等文献中的相关教法为中心来解读,将这些医药文献构建为佛教经典的叙事框架。总的来讲,本文提出医药经典不一定总是指向一个真实存在的过去,而是以叙事来规范其所期许的起源。与此类似,在佛教医学中,医学理论与实践指导也成为了诸佛的教诲,疗愈与菩萨戒相融合,医药也成为了成佛之道。将药书作为佛典来解读,便可以将医学实践根植于一个叙事所创造的世界中。本文探究了佛教医药伏藏的叙事世界,并讨论了其在后弘期(约950-1250年)兴起的历史背景。
Treasure texts allow their revealers to narratively frame cosmopolitan instructions.Tibetan physicians and ritual specialists,for example,have variously framed instructions for elixir extraction(bcud len)as the hidden instructions of Padmasambhava,as the primordial teachings of the Buddha,and as a Tibetan medical treatise.This brief survey of medical treasures in Tibet will focus on the twelfth-century Elixirs Extracted from Indra's Hand attributed to Künpang Daö,also known as Kusa Menpa or Kutsa Daö,related instructions inĀyurvedic compendia and the Four Tantras,and the narrative framing of these medical teachings as Buddhist scriptures.Taken together,this study argues that medical treasures do not necessarily refer to a genuine past,but instead prescribe narratives for inspirational origins.Similarly,when medicine is Buddhist,medical theories and instructions become the teachings of enlightened figures,healing merges with bodhisattva ethics,and medicine becomes part of the path to buddhahood.To read medicine as scripture,then,is to embed medical practice within a narrative world.This study retrieves the narrative worlds of Buddhist medical treasures,and explores the historical contexts of their creation in Renaissance Tibet(ca.950-1250).
作者
麦伟哲
William A.McGrath(New York University;the Robert H.N.Ho Family Foundation)
出处
《藏学学刊》
2022年第1期160-183,274,共25页
Journal of Tibetology
