摘要
公共承运人理论起源于英国,要求马车夫、摆渡人等私人主体承担为公众提供无歧视服务的义务,其正当性在于对价、垄断和公共利益三要素组成的动态体系。基于这一普通法传统,美国的铁路公司、电报电话公司等均由判例和制定法界定为公共承运人。但在适用于有线电视、宽带互联网接入等领域时,却存在着司法的分歧与政策的反复。能否对互联网平台进行规制并施加无歧视服务义务,在很大程度上取决于平台的公共承运人属性。美国法院对社交媒体平台相关立法合宪性的裁判结论表明,公共承运人理论可以是论证平台规制正当性的一种选择。
The common carrier doctrine originated in Britain,requiring private subjects such as coachmen and ferrymen to assume the obligation to provide nondiscriminatory services to the public.Its legitimacy lies in the dynamic system consisting of three elements:quid pro quo,monopoly and public interest.Based on this common law tradition,American railway companies,telegraph and telephone companies have been defined as common carriers by case law and statutory law.However,when it is applied to cable television,broadband Internet access and other fields,there are judicial differences and capricious policies.Whether the Internet platforms can be regulated and imposed on nondiscriminatory service obligation depends largely on the common-carrier attribute of the platform.The holding of the U.S.court on the constitutionality of legislation related to social media platform indicates that the common carrier doctrine may be an option for arguing the legitimacy of platform regulation.
出处
《上海政法学院学报（法治论丛）》
2023年第2期32-57,共26页
Journal of Shanghai University of Political Science & Law(The Rule of Law Forum)
基金
2021年度国家社会科学基金重点项目“适应商业创新的市场规制体制研究”的阶段性研究成果,项目编号:21AFX020
关键词
公共承运人
互联网平台
规制正当性
common carrier
internet platform
legitimacy of regulation
