摘要
生态美学亟待解决的突出问题是旧有的“认知主体性”将人与自然的审美关系简单化。近代科学理论向我们证明,人与生态的关系是深广且复杂的。在生态科学知识的基础之上,罗尔斯顿创建了一套生态伦理学,他希望美学能够以之为基础,建立一套客体性的生态美学思想观。总体来说,他的思想观主要有三种转向:一、搁置美的主客观问题,重点探讨自然中客体性的审美属性。二、减少对自然形式美的探讨,重点欣赏自然的内在价值,站在自然的角度欣赏自然,这是一种客体性的美学观。三、虽然自然中有大量不能产生愉悦感的事物,但对生态系统而言,它们具有不可估量的内在价值,使消极审美价值转化为积极审美价值。这些思想转向突出强调生态系统的美学认知,开启对美学研究重心和理论视野的转向,因而使罗尔斯顿的美学思想成为当代生态美学的重要组成部分。
The prominent problem solved by ecological aesthetics is that the“cognitive subjectivity”simplifies the relationship between man and nature.Scientific theory proves that the relationship between human and ecology is vertical and complex.On the basis of ecological science,Rolston’s hoping that aesthetics can be based on ecological ethics.His thoughts have the following three directions:1.Putting aside the subjective and objective issues of beauty,focusing on the objectivity aesthetic property in nature.2.Reduce the discussion on the beauty form of nature and focus on appreciating the intrinsic value it,which means appreciating nature from a natural perspective.This is a kind of objective aesthetic.3.In Rolston’s view,there are a lot of things in nature that cannot produce pleasure,but for the ecosystem,they have immeasurable intrinsic value,which transforms the negative aesthetic value into positive.This is a turn in the aesthetic,and it is the emphasis on the ecological system that makes Rolston’s thought an important part of contemporary ecological aesthetics.
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“生态美学文献整理与研究”(16ZDA111)阶段性成果
