摘要
对于唐代马政,宋至清代学者总体上给予了高度赞扬,并总结出相应的经验教训。宋人列举唐代马政的诸项优势,如拥有地利、选用人才、遵循牧养规律、规划管理制度等,强调官牧对国家的保障。明人整合唐代马政中人事方面的经验,重视人的主观能动性在把握地利和制定方略过程中的积极作用,促进管理者发挥才智,缓解矛盾,扬长避短。清人汇总唐代马政的优势在于“吏”“地”“法”,并强调它们在马政兴衰的过程中所起的作用缺一不可,需要统治者把马政作为长期的国防要务。综合传世文献的记载,可见古代学者认为唐代马政以“吏”为主导,不仅指唐代马政人才积极作为,而且还包括统治者延续地利、创新制度并任用贤良以主动解决马政发展矛盾的谋略。
Scholars from the Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty generally highly praised horse administration in the Tang Dynasty,and summarized the corresponding experience and lessons.The Song people cited various advantages of horse administration of Tang such as having favorable land,selecting talents,following law of herding,planning management system,etc.,and emphasized the protection of offcial husbandry to the country.The Ming people integrated the experience of personnel in horse administration of Tang,attached importance to the positive role of people's subjective initiative in the process of grasping geographical advantages and formulating strategies,and promoted managers to give play to their talents,alleviate conflicts,and develop strengths and avoid weaknesses.The advantages of the Qing people in summarizing horse administration of Tang lied in the“officials”,“land”and“law”,and emphasis of their indispensable role in the rise and fall of horse administration,requiring the rulers to take the horse administration as a long-term national defense.According to the records of existing documents,it can be seen that ancient scholars believed that horse administration of Tang was dominated by“officials”,which not only included the active horse administration talents,but also the strategies of maintaining geographical advantages,innovating the system and appointing virtuous people to actively solve the contradiction in the development of horse administration.
基金
2023年度河北大学校长基金项目“唐代马政发展与官僚政治研究”(编号:2023HX2009)阶段性成果
关键词
唐代马政
吏
地
法
宋至清
horse administration of the Tang Dynasty
officials
land
law
period from Song Dynasty to Qing Dynasty
