摘要
当前,人类面临的传统化石能源枯竭和环境污染问题引发了寻找替代新能源的热潮,而氢能作为一种绿色能源,具有能量密度高、零排放和来源广泛等优点,引起人们广泛关注。在目前各种制氢技术中,利用可再生能源所产生的电能作为动力来电解水是最为成熟和最有潜力的技术之一,也是通向氢经济的有效途径。该技术的核心问题为高效、稳定、廉价的电解水析氢催化剂的开发。和非贵金属相比,贵金属催化剂具有活性高和稳定性好的优点,但应用成本偏高、催化性能还需进一步提高。主要介绍以Pt,Pd,Ru,Rh和Ir等贵金属元素为主要活性组分的高效析氢电解水催化剂的研究进展,一方面通过筛选性能优良的载体提高催化剂的活性、稳定性和原子利用率;另一方面是贵金属活性组分的合金化或者利用纳米技术调控活性组分的形貌。最后展望了贵金属基材料在电解水析氢反应中的发展方向和产业化应用前景。
With the rapid economic development and people's aspiration for a happy and better life,finding renewable and non-polluting clean energy to replace fossil fuels was an important step to reaching the goal of carbon neutrality,and it was of irreplaceable significance to improve the ecological environment and achieve sustainable development.Hydrogen energy was a clean energy source with high energy density and zero carbon emission.Proton exchange membrane(PEM)water electrolysis hydrogen production technology has the advantages of high efficiency,short response time,and easy coupling with renewable energy sources,and was a green technology for hydrogen preparation,which usually produces hydrogen called green hydrogen.However,the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)of the PEM water electrolysis system was a four-electron transfer reaction,which limits the efficient water electrolysis because of its slow reaction kinetics and high energy barrier.In addition,the acidic and corrosive environment of the anode poses a great challenge to OER catalyst stability,hindering the selection of catalyst components and the exploration of new OER catalysts.Among them,Irbased and Ru-based oxides are recognized as the most advanced acidic OER catalysts in terms of performance.Ir-based catalysts are more stable than Ru-based catalysts in acidic media,while Ru-based catalysts are generally more catalytically active than Ir-based catalysts.Ir and Ru were both relatively expensive precious metals with low reserves on earth,and the cost issue greatly limits the largescale application of PEM water electrolysis technology.Therefore,it was important to modulate the nanostructures and components of catalysts to enhance the mass activity of noble metals in order to reduce the number of noble metals.The hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)in PEM water electrolysis systems was considered the most promising method to obtain clean and renewable hydrogen energy,but large overpotentials and suboptimal kinetics hinder its widespread practical application.HER has
作者
余德和
左川
高勇
周世平
卢军
刘锋
Yu Dehe;Zuo Chuan;Gao Yong;Zhou Shiping;Lu Jun;Liu Feng(State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies for Comprehensive Utilization of Platinum Metals,Kunming Institute of Precious Metals,Kunming 650106,China;Yunnan Precious Metal New Materials Holding Group Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 650106,China)
出处
《稀有金属》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第11期1573-1586,共14页
Chinese Journal of Rare Metals
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFB0101309)资助
关键词
氢能源
电解水
析氢反应
电催化剂
hydrogen energy
electrolyzed water
hydrogen evolution reaction
electrocatalyst
