摘要
在传统亚里士多德主义形而上学中,偶性依存于作为主体的实体,并通过存在的类比结构将实体作为存在的核心意义。邓·司各脱改造了这一形而上学结构。在圣餐问题的驱使下,司各脱认为偶性也可以像实体一样获得独立的个体化,而实体与偶性的因果关系是外在的、偶然的。由此,司各脱赋予了偶性以独立性,并使得实体与偶性的关系变得更为松散。这在某种意义上为近代物理学革命通过数学式的量化方式把握自然世界预备了理论基础。
In traditional Aristotelianism metaphysics,accidents depend on substance as their subject ontologically,and take substance as the focal meaning of the various meanings of being by means of the analogy of being.Duns Scotus radically transformed and reconstructed this metaphysical structure.In order to resolve the difficulties in the issue of sacrament and transubstantiation,he claimed that accident can also be individualized independently just as substance,and further argued that the causality between substance and accident is external and contingent.Consequently,Scotus endowed accident with metaphysical independence,and made the relation of substance with accident more loose,which provided some necessary preparation for the mathematical methodology and quantitative definition of natural world in 16 th-century physics.
作者
雷思温
Lei Siwen(Department of Philosophy,Renmin University of China)
出处
《哲学评论》
2019年第2期169-185,共17页
Wuda Philosophical Review
基金
2019年度中国人民大学科学研究基金面上项目“近代哲学的中世纪背景研究”(项目编号2019030027,项目批准号19XNB026)的阶段性成果.
关键词
偶性
实体
个体化
因果关系
Accident
Substance
Individualization
Causality
