摘要
在中世纪,共相通常与一个事物或实体的本质及其是否独立存在的问题密切相关。受希腊哲学及自身思想传统的影响,中世纪哲学家们围绕着共相的性质展开了争论;因受共相本体论期待的影响,早期争论中实在论观点较为流行。托马斯·阿奎那以不同方式参与了这场讨论,他以存在与本质的区分和存在优先性理论为前提,对三种不同实体的存在特性进行了解析。本文认为,他的存在优先理论将本体论承诺从共相性质中剥离开来,在问题指向上突破了早期共相理论的意义界限,为中世纪晚期唯名论的畅兴提供了某种思想的可能与理论建构基础。
In the Middle Ages,universals were often closely related to the question of the essence of one thing or substance and whether it existed independently.Influenced by Greek philosophy and its own tradition of thought,medieval philosophers debated the nature of universals.Impacted by the ontological expectations of universals,realism was more popular in the early debate.Thomas Aquinas participated in this debate in a different way.He analyzed the features of the beings of three different substances on the premise of the distinction between being and essence as well as the being-priority theory.This paper deems that his being-priority theory separated the ontological commitment from the quality of universals,broke through the meaning limit of the early universal theory in terms of problem orientation,and provided some kind of possibility of thought and the basis of theory construction for the prosperity of nominalism in the late Middle Ages.
作者
翟志宏
崔鹏
Zhai Zhihong;Cui Peng(School of Philosophy,Wuhan University,Wuhan,430072)
出处
《哲学评论》
2023年第2期180-197,共18页
Wuda Philosophical Review
关键词
共相
本质优先
存在优先
唯名论
universals
essence-priority
being-priority
nominalism
