摘要
历史唯物主义的"现实"概念是对特殊、个别、用经验能证实的"事实"的进一步拓展。拓展主要表现在关涉范围的扩展、相比于理论更加重视行动及其效果两个方面。就前一方面而言,"事实"与个体主义的存在论和方法论相对应,"现实"则与辩证法的社会存在论和方法论相对应。就后一方面而言,作为行动阻碍的既定事实群并不是全部的现实,与实践内在相关的、不断生成创造着的现实才更关键和根本。行动者才有真切现实,旁观者只有既成甚至僵死的现实。由此,观察者-行动者的内在欲望以及意义追求、思想立场就作为两种内在因素介入对社会现实的认知界定。历史唯物主义存在论和认识论的要求凝聚到方法论上,体现为两点:一是把握整体性的从抽象到具体的方法,二是跨人文学科与经济学、社会学的跨学科方法。两者的融合才能超越现代性的碎片化倾向、超越躲避生命现实的消极逃避策略,把握到真正的社会现实。
The concept of reality in historical materialism is an extension of the concept of factuality,which can be attested by specific,individual,and definite experiences.In two different manners reality presents itself as the extension of factuality:it amplifies the categories of relevance and emphasizes practice and effect.For the former,reality is associated with the ontological and methodological aspects of dialectics while factuality is associated with those same aspects of individualism.For the latter,the factuality that impedes practice cannot truly replace total actuality;instead,what plays the crucial part is precisely reality,because it is inherently related to practice and continues to create it.To combine the ontological and epistemological aspects of historical materialism,we must attach importance to the method of advancing from the abstract to the concrete,and to interdisciplinary studies between the humanities,economics,and sociology.Only by doing so can we break through fragmentized modernity and the passively-motivated scheme of life to look at social reality in a deeper sense.
出处
《哲学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第1期17-26,128,共11页
Philosophical Research
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“马克思与德国古典哲学关系的拓展性研究”(编号19ZDA019)的阶段性成果
