摘要
寺庙是地方社会生活中重要的"公共空间"。"乡村公共空间"是中国乡村社会维系自身稳定和发展的整合机制,又是国家控制和管理乡村的社会基础。已有乡村公共空间的形式包括庙会仪式、村庙、中国北方乡村社会的水井、茶馆等。而寺庙作为信仰性公共空间,是乡民开展祖先崇拜、民间信仰活动及宗教性活动的场所,潜移默化地影响乡村社会的道德伦理与行为规范。清代大批闽粤移民到台湾谋生,当时台湾很多地区都未经开发,自然条件及生存环境十分恶劣,可利用资源非常稀缺,民众抵御自然灾害的能力十分有限。在这种情况下,寺庙神明就成为移民重要的精神寄托。移民对寺庙神明的崇信自然使其对民众形成一种强大的威慑力量。这种威慑力又反过来使寺庙神明成为乡村社会的权威,进而成为寺庙文化权力的来源和基础。清代台湾寺庙主要通过香火祀费、罚戏敬神、演戏酬神、神明仪式来获取文化权力。清代台湾寺庙的文化权力如何参与地方社会治理呢?寺庙示禁碑是考察寺庙文化权力参与地方社会治理的一个重要侧面。明清时期是"刻石纪法"的完备期,"勒石示禁"在地方社会迅速普及。示禁碑是公权力的象征,包括中央国家权力机构的皇权、各级政府的官权力以及非国家权力机构,如士绅、乡耆、商户等的"民间公权"。寺庙是古代中国社会承载民众精神信仰的场所,也是皇权在地方社会的延伸,寺庙权威同时为乡村社会成员和官方政权所认同,成为一种文化权力。清代中央政府及台湾地方政府利用寺庙文化权力,增强其在地方社会的权威,进而参与地方社会的治理。清代台湾寺庙示禁碑使寺庙文化权力得以实施,成为建构乡村秩序、治理地方社会、解决乡村纠纷重要手段和途径。
Temples are important public space that carry peoples’spiritual belief in China,and they are also the basis for a nation to manage local society.Temples’authority was confirmed by both village members and official authority,and thus becoming a significant cultural power.In the Qing Dynasty,a large number of Fujian and Guangdong immigrants came to Taiwan to make a living.At that time,due to harsh natural conditions and living environment and the people’s disability to resist natural disasters,temple gods thus became an important spiritual sustenance for immigrants.The central government of Qing Dynasty and Taiwan local government used temple cultural power to strengthen their authority in local society,and engage in local society’s governance.To study how the cultural power of temples in Taiwan participated in local social governance in Qing Dynasty,prohibition tablets in temples are good entry point to investigate.Temples are important public space that carries peoples’spiritual belier in ancient Chinese society.and they are also the extension of imperial power in the local society.Temples’authority was confirmed by both village members and official authority,thus becoming a kind of cultural power.In the Qing Dynasty,the central govermment and Taiwan local government used temple cultural power to strengthen their authority in local society,and then participated in the governance of local society.In the Qing Dynasty,prohibition tablets in temples allow the implementation of temple cultural power,which also became an important way to rebuild village order,manage local society and solve village disputes.
作者
赵庆华
ZHAO Qing-hua(School of Marxism,Tianjin Foreign Studies University,Tianjin 300204)
出处
《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第1期53-61,共9页
Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
关键词
寺庙
文化权力
社会治理
清代
台湾
示禁碑
temple
cultural power
social governance
Qing Dynasty
Taiwan
prohibition tablet
