摘要
尚书省令史是金朝处理文书事务的吏员,分女真、汉、契丹三种族别。从省令史担任者的前职分布来看,基本上是低级地方官,以县令为主。女真令史主要出身于女真字学生和吏员,熙宗时期正式确立汉人令史的来源为进士出身者,正隆时期汉人令史全部取自吏员,契丹令史主要出身于吏员。金朝中期,女真令史的出身是女真进士、吏员及宰执宗室子弟,汉人令史的出身是进士和宰执子弟。金朝末期,出现重吏抑士之风,汉人令史中吏员出身者的比例再度上升。根本原因在于动荡时局导致的"急于事功"之追求,亦与科举弊端形塑下士人往往不堪事任的现实有关。金朝大规模且常态化地形成了士人、职官入吏的选吏模式,与女真统治者崇儒士、尚吏事并行的价值观有关,是金朝形成士人、职官入吏模式的根本原因。女真统治者兼收儒、吏之效,提高吏事质量的考量及高级吏职优升的制度设计,促进了金代士人、职官入吏模式的形成,对元代吏制产生了直接而深刻的影响。
The officials in charge of files and documents of Shangshusheng in the Jin Dynasty were divided into three ethnic groups:Nvzhen,Han and Qidan.Previous posts of the Shenglingshi officials were mostly chosen from local officials on various levels.Nvzhen Lingshi were mainly chosen from Nvzhen language students and officials.During the period when Xizong was in reign,official standard was set up to choose Han officials from the pool of Jinshi(successful candidates in the highest imperial examinations).Han Lingshi officials during Zhenglong period was all taken from officals and Qidan Lingshi officials mainly came from officals.In the mid of Jin Dynasty,Nvzhen Lingshi officials were chosen from Nvzhen Jinshi,common officials or Zaizhi official family clans.In the end of Jin Dynasty,officials gained more esteem than scholars,a new trend caused by the political turmoil at the time.Nvzhen authority set up a value system of respecting both Confucian scholars and officials,which improved the quality of the official system,having direct and profound effect on the official system of the upcoming Yuan Dynasty.
作者
郭晓东
GUO Xiao-dong(College of History,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350)
出处
《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第2期102-110,共9页
Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
关键词
金代
尚书省令史
吏员出身
儒吏并行
Jin Dynasty
Shangshusheng Lingshi
official origin
system focusing on both Confucian scholar and existing official
