摘要
非物质文化遗产学科建设已在许多学校蓬勃开展,但依照现在的建设套路,完全受制于学者们的话语霸权,必然导致传承人作为非遗主体的话语权缺失。如何保障非遗学科建设凸显其本体属性并达到预期目标,推动传承人进入非遗学科体制内部并成为建设的主体至关重要。这是由非物质文化遗产的性质决定的,传承人所秉承的非遗经验、常识、记忆和行为技能等构成非遗学的知识体系,这才是非遗得以生存的根基。民俗学学科建设中完全排除“民”的话语权益,在一定程度上造成了其学科发展较迟缓的境况。有鉴于此,非遗学科建设应当突破僵硬的发展模式,还原并直面非遗的生活形态,以非遗实践作为其出发点和落脚点,充分给予非遗传承人在学科建设过程中的话语权。非遗事业的可持续发展并非取决于传承人的“传承”,而在于传承人形象的塑造及其“学者”身份的赋予。实践至上是非遗学科的根本性特征,传承人的实践方式、行为和经历必须转化为非遗学科的内部知识和理论话语,还给传承人应有的参与制订人才培养计划、讲授非遗课程的主导地位,才能创建一种切合非遗实践的、与民俗学等学科不同的崭新的学科建设范式。
The discipline construction of intangible cultural heritage has been vigorously developed in many schools,but according to the current construction routine,it is completely subject to the discourse hegemony of scholars,which inevitably leads to the lack of discourse power of inheritors as the main body of intangible cultural heritage.It is vitally important to ensure the construction of intangible cultural heritage discipline while highlight its ontology attributes and achieve the expected goals,to promote the inheritors to enter the intangible cultural heritage discipline system and become the subject of construction.This is determined by the nature of the intangible cultural heritage.The intangible cultural heritage experience,common sense,memory and behavior skills inherited by the inheritors constitute the knowledge system of intangible cultural heritage,which is the foundation for the survival of intangible cultural heritage.The discipline construction for folklore studies completely eliminates the discourse rights and interests of“folk”,which has caused the slow development of its discipline to certain extent.As a result,the discipline construction of intangible cultural heritage should break through the rigid development mode,restore and face the life form of intangible cultural heritage,take the practice of intangible cultural heritage as its starting point and foothold,and fully endow intangible cultural heritage inheritors power of discourse in the process of discipline construction.Sustainable development of intangible cultural heritage does not depend on the“inheritance”of inheritors,but on the shaping of the image of inheritors and the endowment of“scholar”status.Practice is the top most fundamental characteristics of the intangible cultural heritage discipline.Practice mode,behavior and experiences of the inheritors must be transformed into the internal knowledge and theoretical discourse of the intangible cultural heritage discipline.Only by giving inheritors their deserved participatin
作者
万建中
WAN Jian-zhong(School of Literature,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875)
出处
《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第3期75-81,共7页
Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“20世纪中国民间文学研究专门史”(项目编号:16ZDA164)的阶段性成果
关键词
非物质文化遗产
学科建设
传承人
主体
权力
知识
intangible cultural heritage
discipline construction
inheritor
subject
power
knowledge
