摘要
伊藤东涯对周敦颐《太极图说》的研究在日本江户时代影响很大。在他看来,朱熹《太极图说解》偏离了《太极图说》的本义,周敦颐以无极为理、太极为气,"无极而太极"即"理生气"之意。"太极""阴阳"本质上皆为一气,"太极生两仪"之"生"是指分化而非创生。朱子则基于理气论释"太极"为理,释"太极"与"阴阳"为体用关系。另一方面,《太极图说》亦有违儒家经典本义。宇宙论、本体论皆非原始儒学内容;《太极图说》明言"五行",而五行并不见于《周易》经传;"主静"工夫源于道家,与《周易》崇阳抑阴的精神不合。伊藤东涯的研究充分反映了"古义学派"的特点,但他的解读也不能尽合《太极图说》之本义。
Ito Toogai’s(1670-1736)research on Zhou Dunyi’s(1017-1073)Taiji tu shuo(An Explanation of the"Diagram of the Supreme Ultimate")was very influential in the Edo period(1603-1868).In his view,Zhu Xi’s(1130-1200)Taiji tu shuo jie(An Interpretation of the Taiji tu shuo)deviated from the original meaning of the Taiji tu shuo,in that Zhou Dunyi regarded the Wuji(Non-Ultimate)as li(principle)and Taiji(Supreme Ultimate)as qi(material force),and maintained that the former produces the latter.Taiji and Yin-yang in nature belong to the same qi(material force),and the"producing"in the"Taiji produces the two-mode"refers to"polarization"rather than"creation".Nevertheless,Zhu Xi viewed Taiji as li(principle)and the relationship between Taiji and Yin-yang as the relationship between substance and function.On the other hand,Taiji tu shuo also deviated from the original meaning of Confucian Classics,in that neithercosmology nor ontology belonged to original Confucian contents;Taiji tu shuo explicitly mentioned Wu xing(Five Agents)which was not available in the Zhou Changes;Zhu jing(advocacy and practice of quiescence)originated from Daoism which went against the spirit of upholding Yang and restraining Yin in the Zhou Changes.Ito Toogai’s study adequately reflected the features of the School of Ancient Connotations,but his understanding does not completely conform to the original meaning of the Taiji tu shuo.
出处
《周易研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第1期88-92,共5页
Studies of Zhouyi
基金
国家社科基金西部项目:“日本近代公德流变探究”(19ZXZ007)
关键词
伊藤东涯
古义
周敦颐
朱熹
《太极图说》
Ito Toogai
ancient connotations
Zhou Dunyi
Zhu Xi
Taiji tu shuo
