摘要
贯口是相声演员的基本功,表演时依靠其特殊的语言节奏给听众以美感。本文以《报菜名》《夸住宅》《莽撞人》三段经典相声中的名词罗列片段为研究对象,按贯口字数划分为单字、双字、三字和四字不同字组,运用声学分析提取时长、基频、共振峰、谐波振幅差值、倒谱峰值凸显和谐噪比等参数,将贯口表演与正常诵读进行对照。研究发现:时长方面,贯口明显小于正常诵读,节奏更紧凑;音高方面,贯口普遍高于正常诵读,且音域变化范围更为宽广;共振峰模式上,二者基本一致,表明贯口发音时与正常诵读的音色一致;信噪比方面,贯口低于正常诵读,说明前者除普通换气外还存在“偷气”现象;频谱特征上,贯口与正常诵读在低频处未呈现出显著性差异,但在高频处贯口有着更强的高频能量,使其音色更为明亮。本文通过对贯口表演的发声进行声学量化,寻找出了其发声特性并阐释了背后的声学原理,这不仅可以为相声表演者提供一定的指导参考,还有利于相声艺术的科学化保护与传承。
Guankou is the basic skill of crosstalk actors,who take advantage of its special rhythm to make the audience enjoy it.In this study,the segments containing long sequences of nouns from the three classic crosstalk sections of“Baocaiming”,“Kuazhuzhai”and“Mangzhuangren”are taken as the research object.According to the number of syllables,these nouns are further divided into monosyllabic,bisyllabic,trisyllabic and quadrisyllabic sequences.The duration,F0,formants,harmonic amplitude differences,cepstrum peak prominence and harmonic-to-noise ratio were used to compare Guankou with normal readings.Results have shown that the duration of Guankou is significantly shorter than that of the normal reading,and its rhythm is more compact.Generally,the pitch range of Guankou is higher,and the vocal register is wider than the normal reading.The formant patterns between Guankou and the normal reading are not significant different,indicating that the timbre in the two styles is similar.The harmonic-to-noise ratio of Guankou is lower than that of the normal reading,which indicates that Guankou is more breathy in speech.In addition,there is no significant difference in the low-frequency spectrum between Guankou and the normal reading,but the high frequency energy of Guankou is stronger,meaning that the timbre of Guankou is brighter.This study described the vocal characteristics of Guankou and explained the acoustic principles behind them.These results not only provide some guidance and reference for crosstalk performers,but also contribute to the scientific protection and inheritance of crosstalk art.
作者
李晓媛
刘文
LI Xiaoyuan;LIU Wen
出处
《中国语音学报》
2021年第2期78-84,共7页
Chinese Journal of Phonetics
基金
山东大学基本科研业务费资助项目“平调范畴化感知的物理心理基础及其神经机制”(2019GN08)资助
