摘要
村庄权力研究是透视乡村社会性质的重要视角和理解村庄政治的基础。国家层面和地方层面法律对村委会权力虽然有着明确相关规定,但村委会法定权力和实际运作仍然名实分离,因此,"老板"村干部主导下的村委会权力运作模式应运而生,从而导致村民自治被事实上的"村组织自治"所置换。在这种模式下,面对自上而下和自下而上的各种治理压力,村委会("老板"村干部)依赖所拥有的资源,选择和使用相应的方式,利用组织起来的各种力量——村干部、离职村干部、党员、积极分子、有影响力的村民以及普通村民——形成紧密联结的利益网络,来应对和解决自身面临的治理困境,并积极争取有利于自身发展的各种机会。诚然,这种模式在一定程度上促进了村庄的经济发展,然而,对于村庄民主政治的发展却是"险"多于"美"。因此,要构建相关的制度框架,对"老板"村干部的权力运作进行严格的规范、约束。
The study of the village power is the important perspective seeing through the rural social nature and the basis understanding the village politics. Although the law s at the national and local levels have clear regulations on the power of the village committee,the legal power and actual operation of the village committee are still separated from each other. Therefore,the power operation mode of the village committee led by the"boss"village cadres came into being,which led to the replacement of village self-government by the de facto "village organization autonomy ". In this mode,in the face of top-down and bottom-up governance pressures,the village committee( "boss"village cadres) relies on the resources they have,chooses and uses the appropriate methods,and uses the organized various forces—village cadres,resigned village cadres,party members,activists,influential villagers,and ordinary villagers—form a tightly connected network of intereststo cope with and resolve the governance dilemmas they face,and actively strive for various opportunities that are conducive to their own development. It is true that this model has promoted the economic development of the village to a certain extent. However,the development of village democracy is more"risk " than "beauty ". Therefore,it is necessary to construct a relevant institutional framework to strictly regulate and restrict the power operation of"boss"village cadres.The paper is divided into three parts to explain the power operation of the village committee:Charter I of this paper first puts forward the research questions. What are the powers of the village committee under the new situation? What are the factors that affect the operation of power? What are the ways of power operation,and what problems may exist in the operation. How should we solve it? Secondly,it summarizes the relevant achievements of the academic community on the study of village power. In summary,there are two research paths: one is to study the interaction between various power bodies within
出处
《政治人类学评论》
2018年第1期101-156,337-343,6,共64页
Political Anthropology Review
关键词
“老板”村干部
政缘关系
体制精英
权威性资源
拟亲化
关系网络
The"Boss"
Village Cadre
Political Relationship
Institutional Elite
Authoritative Resource
Quasi-parental Relationship Network
