摘要
“十四五”时期是强化国家战略科技力量、提升国家创新体系整体效能的关键战略期。国家创新体系理论和新市场财政学的“市场平台观”、“政府参与观”和“市场规则观”等,为财政支持国家创新体系的建设提供了理论指引。在多元化、网络状的国家创新体系中,政府、企业和高校等不同创新主体依托市场平台开展互动,最终满足“国家创新体系整体效能提升”的社会共同需要。财政在支持科技基础设施建设的同时,为科技创新人才提供基础保障,促进新型举国体制和市场机制的有效衔接,主要发挥动机激励、引导协调、杠杆撬动、风险兜底等作用。“十四五”时期,财政支持国家创新体系建设,应从如下方面着手:立足于科研活动主体,完善财政对科技人才第一创新资源的激励机制;完善财政科技资源配置的统筹协调机制,发挥好中央与地方引导科技发展的积极性;集中优势创新资源,充分发挥财政科技引导基金的杠杆撬动作用;构建差异化、普惠性的财政支持政策体系,合理分担重大创新活动可能引致的公共风险。
The 14th Five-Year Plan period is a crucial strategic period to build up China's strategic strengths in science and technology and enhance the overall efficiency of the national innovation system.Under the theoretical viewpoint of the national innovation system and"market platform","government involvement",and"market rules"of neo-public finance,this article constructs the theoretical framework of fiscal support for the operation of the national innovation system.In the diversified and networked national innovation system,different innovation entities,such as the governments,enterprises,and universities,interact through the market platform and finally meet the society's common needs of"improving the overall efficiency of the national innovation system".Public finance provides the basic guarantee for technological infrastructure and innovation talents and promotes the effective connection between the new national system and the market mechanism.Public finance should play the role of motivation,guidance,coordination,capital leverage,and risk buffering.In the period of the 14th Five-Year Plan,public finance should support the construction of the national innovation system in the following ways.Firstly,based on the main body of scientific research activities,improve the fiscal incentive mechanism for scientific and technological talents.Secondly,improve the overall coordination mechanism of fiscal allocation of scientific and technological resources,and give full play to the two different initiatives of central and local fiscal incentive and guidance for scientific and technological development.Thirdly,concentrate superior innovation resources and give full play to the guiding and levering role of fiscal technology guidance funds.Fourthly,build a differentiated and beneficial policy system and share the potential public risks of major innovation activities appropriately.
作者
姚东旻
李静
YAO Dong-min;LI Jing
出处
《改革》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第6期59-71,共13页
Reform
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目“政府预决算视角下提升我国国家创新体系整体效能的财政体制与政策研究”(20AJY020)。
关键词
国家创新体系
新市场财政学
新型举国体制
市场平台
national innovation system
neo-public finance
new national system
market platform
