摘要
目的了解学校直饮水水质评价标准应用情况及其适用性。方法收集分析2015-2019年涉及学校直饮水水质评价的文献26篇,找出最常用的三种标准并分别选用这三种标准评价分析上海市2015-2016年427所学校1 278件直饮水水质检验结果。结果目前各地评价学校直饮水最常用的三种标准是CJ 94-2005《饮用净水水质标准》、GB 5749-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》和工艺标准,用这三种标准对同一批学校直饮水水质进行评价时,学校合格率、样品合格率和菌落总数、浑浊度、耗氧量等限值标准不同的指标合格率均存在统计学差异。其中按工艺标准评价时,设备水处理工艺构成情况对水质合格率有影响。结论建议制定学校直饮水水质卫生国家标准,在尚无国家标准时,建议对使用超滤、纳滤、反渗透等水处理工艺的直饮水设备出水水质选用CJ 94-2005进行评价,对仅使用微滤材料处理的直饮水设备出水水质选用GB 5749-2006进行评价。
Objective To understand the application and applicability of the evaluation standards for direct-drinking water quality at schools.Method Find out the three most commonly used standards by analyzing 26 papers related to the e-valuation of direct-drinking water quality at schools from 2015 to 2019.Then evaluate the water quality inspection results of 1278 pieces of direct-drinking water from 427 schools in Shanghai from 2015 to 2016 using the three standards.Results At present,CJ 94,GB 5749 and process standard are the three most commonly used standards to evaluate the quality of direct-drinking water at schools.When different standards are applied to evaluate the same batch of direct-drinking water samples at schools,qualified rates are statistically different between schools,samples,and indicators such as total bacterial count,turbidity and chemical oxygen demand.When the process standard is applied,the water treatment process of the e-quipment has an impact on the qualified rate of water quality.Conclusion It is suggested that a national standard of directdrinking water quality at schools should be formulated.When there is no national standard,It is suggested that CJ 94-2005 should be used as a reference to evaluate the quality of direct-drinking water processed by ultrafiltration,nanofiltra-tion and reverse osmosis,and GB 5749-2006 to evaluate the samples treated by microfiltration only.
作者
杨艰萍
林建海
李萍
裘巍
王亚宁
郑朝军
朱素蓉
YANG Jian-ping;LIN Jian-hai;LI Ping;QIU Wei;WANG Ya-ning;ZHENG Zhao-jun;ZHU Su-rong(Inspecting Agency,Shanghai Municipal Health Commission,Shanghai 200031)
出处
《中国卫生监督杂志》
2021年第1期49-53,共5页
Chinese Journal of Health Inspection
关键词
学校
直饮水
评价标准
School
Direct-drinking water
Evaluation standard
