摘要
庄子对墨家的批评和驳难主要集中在责其"淆是非"、"乱人性"、"毁道德"、"贼天下"四个方面。庄子将墨家的辩论视为无用的"骈拇枝指",并指责其混淆是非,扰乱人心。他认为墨家宣扬仁义本身就是对"道"的损害,徒然为乱天下。然而,墨家主张上同于"天"、以"天"立教,与道家主张上同于"道"、以"道"立教本质相同。庄子批驳墨家的原因,从表面上看,是墨家"天志"、"明鬼"、"非命"、"尚同"、"法仪"诸说没有引起庄子的注意,其根本原因则在于墨家的说教不符合道家自然无为的旨趣。墨家虽然强调"天"、"人"之际,但因"道"性"无为",墨家对"天志"等的论说并不为庄子所承认。庄子以其自然之"道"对墨家的仁义说教和辩论予以批驳,自然也难逃"隐于小成"的命运。
Chuang-tzu＇s criticism of Mohism is mainly manifested in four aspects：＂Confusing the right and the wrong＂,＂Disrupting human nature＂,＂Destruction of morality＂ and ＂harming the world＂.Chuang-tzu regarded the Mohist debate as a useless ＂extra thumb＂and Mohist promoting righteousness was deemed as the damage of the＂Tao＂.However,the Mohist＇s ＂Heaven＂ and Taoist＇s＂Tao＂ have the same status in their philosophy.They are the origin of all things and the ultimate criterion of human behavior.Then,why did Chuang-tzu criticize Mohism？On the surface,the doctrine,such as＂Heaven having will＂,＂The gods and ghosts being sensible＂,＂Anti-Fatalism＂,＂In accordance with Heaven＂,did not cause the attention of Chuang-tzu.The fundamental reason is that the preaching of Mohist does not conform to the Taoist philosophy.Taoists advocated letting things take their own course and non-action.Although the relationgship of Heaven and Human is emphasized by Mohist,with its natural＂Tao＂,Chuang-tzu didn＇t recognize them.The criticism of Mohist preaching and debate indicates that Chuang-tzu either can＇t escape the fate of＂hidden in the limited intelligence＂.
出处
《齐鲁学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第2期29-33,共5页
Qilu Journal
关键词
庄子
墨学
批驳
原因
Chuang-tzu
critcize
Mohism
reason
