摘要
基本假设是任何一门科学的逻辑起点,但区域学派认为不需要基本假设,因为地理学更关注区域个性的挖掘和区域差异的分析。显然,这虽然解决了地理学的应用出口,符合问题导向的研究需求,但与科学的一般定义确实有点距离;空间学派的基本假设是均质空间(平原),据此构建出了相应的理论体系,严格说来更符合一般的科学定义。以往学者虽然指出了空间学派过于抽象的缺陷,但后继陷入社会化、微观化的发展之路,显然并没有解决空间学派甚至整个人文地理学的发展之路问题。文章认为,空间学派从均质空间这一基本假设出发,虽然通过空间极化效应解决了(第一个)城市产生的机理问题(经济学视角),但并没有回答(第一个)城市产生的区位问题(地理学视角)。为此,人文地理学的基本假设需要重新定义,即需要由均质空间重构为均质区域,后者较之前者的不同,在于有明确的边界范围,从而拥有区位价值功能属性、区域规模尺度属性、区域开放状态属性等。由此,不仅可以解决现有空间学派的内在缺陷(过于抽象,以至于脱离了地理),也可以为现有区域学派(不拘泥于基本假设,更侧重于应用)补充基本假设的缺失,并在此基础上融合空间极化效应、距离衰减效应、区域边缘效应和异速增长效应的共同作用,构建出由点状要素、线状要素和面状要素共构互融,点状结构理论、轴线结构理论和面域结构理论三位一体的区域空间结构理论体系。
Basic hypothesis is the logical starting point for any disciplines;however,the regional school believes that basic hypothesis is not needed because geography is more concerned with the exploration of regional individuality and the analysis of regional differences.Obviously,this view,while addressing the application of geography and meeting the need for problem-oriented researches,but differs from the general definition of science.The basic hypothesis of the spatial school is homogeneous space(plain),according to which a corresponding theoretical system is constructed,which is more in line with the general scientific definition.Although scholars have previously pointed out the defect that the views the spatial school holds were too abstract,then they fell into a socialized and microscopic path of development,which apparently does not solve the problem of the path of development of the spatial school or even the discipline of human geography.This paper argues that the spatial school,starting from the basic hypothesis of homogeneous space,does not answer the locational question(from a geographic perspective)of the generation of(the first)city,although it solves the question of the mechanism of the generation of(the first)city(from an economic perspective)through the spatial polarization effect.For this reason,the basic hypothesis of human geography needs to be redefined,i.e.,homogeneous spaces need to be replaced with homogeneous regions.The latter differs from the former in that there is a clear boundary range,thus homogeneous regions have locational value function attribute,regional scale attribute,regional open state attribute,etc.Thus,reconstructing the basic hypothesis not only addresses the existing inherent deficiencies of the spatial school(it is so abstract as to be divorced from geography),also supplements the basic hypothesis for the existing regional school(which is less restricted to basic assumptions and more focused on application).On this basis,this paper integrates the combined effects of spatial po
作者
陆玉麒
LU Yuqi(School of Geography,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China)
出处
《华南地理学报》
2023年第1期10-21,共12页
South China Geographical Journal
关键词
人文地理学
空间学派
区域学派
基本假设
区域空间结构理论体系
human geography
spatial school
regional school
basic hypothesis
theoretical system of regional spatial structure
