摘要
为探明地下水埋深对玉米干物质积累和根系生长的影响,在辽宁省灌溉试验中心站利用地下水模拟系统设置了1.0 m(D1.0)、1.5 m(D1.5)、2.0 m(D2.0)、2.5 m(D2.5)、3.0m(D3.0)、3.5 m(D3.5)和4.0 m(D4.0)7个地下水埋深处理,分析了地下水埋深对春玉米干物质积累、根系和产量性状等的影响。结果表明:(1)在不同地下水埋深条件下根长、根表面积、根体积随着生育期推进呈增大趋势,且在各处理之间差异显著(P<0.05),而根粗在灌浆成熟期先增大后减小。(2)在拔节期和灌浆成熟期,茎叶干物质积累量随地下水埋深增加先减小后增大,D2.0处理最低,较其他处理减少7.2%~19.5%;在灌浆成熟期,D2.5处理下穗部干物质积累量最低,较其他处理减少9.8%~24.8%;在抽雄吐丝期,D2.0处理下根部干物质最高,比其他处理高出7.2%~54.2%。(3)产量随地下水埋深增加而先减小后增大,D1.0处理产量最大,D3.0处理产量最低,D1.0处理比其他处理高出365~1790 kg·hm-2。(4)将不同处理下干物质和根系各指标与产量进行多元回归和通径分析,结果表明,地下水埋深通过影响根系生长和干物质积累来影响产量,玉米产量与抽雄吐丝期的根长和根粗呈显著正相关,与根表面积、抽雄吐丝期茎叶干物质积累量和灌浆成熟期的根表面积呈显著负相关。研究成果可为辽宁平原及类似地区不同地下水埋深条件下玉米稳产高产提供依据。
To examine the effects of different groundwater depths on dry matter accumulation and root growth of maize,seven groundwater depth treatments(1.0 m(D1.0),1.5 m(D1.5),2.0 m(D2.0),2.5 m(D2.5),3.0 m(D3.0),3.5 m(D3.5)and 4.0 m(D4.0))were set up with groundwater simulation system at the Irrigation Experimental Center of Liaoning Province,Shenyang,China.We measured maize dry matter accumulation,maize root growth and yield.The results showed that:(1)Root length,root surface area and root volume increased with maize growth under all treatments.There were significant differences among the treatments.Root diameter increased first and then decreased at the filling-mature stage.(2)Dry matter accumulation of stem and leaf decreased first and then increased with increasing groundwater depth in jointing stage and filling-mature stage of maize.Dry matter accumulation of maize stem and leaf under D2.0 treatment was the lowest,with a decrease of 7.2%-19.5%compared with other treatments.The dry matter accumulation of maize ear under D2.5 treatment was the lowest,being 9.8%-24.8%lower than other treatments.Dry matter of roots under D2.0 treatment at tasseling and silking stage was the highest,being 7.2%-54.2%higher than other treatments.(3)Maize yield decreased first and then increased with increasing groundwater depth.The D1.0 treatment attained the highest yield,which was 365-1790 kg·hm-2 higher than other treatments.The D3.0 treatment had the lowest yield.(4)Results from multiple regression and path analysis showed that groundwater affected maize yield by affecting root growth and dry matter accumulation.Maize yield had a significantly positive relationship with root length and root diameter at tasseling and silking stage,and a significantly negative relationship with root surface area,dry matter accumulation of stem and leaf at tasseling and silking stage,and root surface area at filling-mature stage of maize.Our results can provide theoretical basis for improving maize yield in Liaoning plain and similar areas under different
作者
孙仕军
隋文华
陈伟
苏通宇
邰恩博
张岐
孟维忠
SUN Shi-jun;SUI Wen-hua;CHEN Wei;SU Tong-yu;TAI Enbo;ZHANG Qi;MENG Wei-zhong(College of Water Conservancy,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;Liaoning Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Shenyang 110003,China)
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第2期497-506,共10页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
国家重点研发计划重点专项(2018YFD0300301)
辽宁省自然科学基金项目(20180550617)资助.
关键词
地下水埋深
玉米
干物质积累
根系
groundwater depth
maize
dry matter accumulation
root system
