摘要
旨在研究影响小麦产量的最佳灌溉与施氮方式组合。以‘定西42号’春小麦为材料,采用水氮互作的方法,设4种灌溉量(单位面积水深50 mm、100 mm、150 mm、200 mm)和3种施肥方式(拔节期施纯氮肥40 kg/hm^2、开花期施纯氮肥40 kg/hm^2、拔节期和开花期施纯氮肥40 kg/hm^2和50 kg/hm^2)。(1)灌溉量150 mm与开花期施氮肥40 kg/hm^2处理时,小麦产量都最高。(2)灌溉量150 mm时各个土层含水量最高,不同施氮处理,各个土层含水量高低顺序为分蘖期<开花期<拔节期。(3)小麦植株耗水量随灌溉量增加而增加、水分利用效率随灌溉量增加而减少。(4)分蘖期灌溉量150 mm时各个土层硝态氮含量最高;拔节期,0^10 cm土层铵态氮和硝态氮含量最高;开花期,灌溉量150 mm和追施纯氮肥40 kg/hm^2时各个土层硝态氮和铵态氮含量最高。灌溉量150 mm和开花期施纯氮肥40 kg/hm^2方式搭配,对甘肃陇中黄土高原春小麦产量、土壤有效氮含量和水分节约最有益。
The aim is to study the best combination of irrigation and nitrogen application affecting the yield of wheat.Spring wheat‘Dingxi 42’was used as material.Water-nitrogen interaction method was adopted with four kinds of irrigation quantities(water depth per unit area 50 mm,100 mm,150 mm and 200 mm)and three fertilizer application methods(40 kg/hm^2 pure nitrogen fertilizer at jointing stage,40 kg/hm^2 pure nitrogen fertilizer at flowering stage,40 kg/hm^2 and 50 kg/hm^2 pure nitrogen fertilizer at jointing stage and flowering stage).(1)The yields of wheat were all the highest when the irrigation amount was 150 mm and the nitrogen fertilizer was 40 kg/hm^2 at flowering stage.(2)The water content of the three soil layers were the highest when the irrigation amount was 150 mm,the order of water content in three soil layers was tillering stage<flowering stage<jointing stage under different nitrogen application treatments.(3)The water consumption of wheat plant increased with the increase of irrigation,water use efficiency decreased with the increase of irrigation amount.(4)When irrigation amount was 150 mm at tillering stage,nitrate nitrogen content in three soil layers was the highest;at jointing stage,the content of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in 0-10 cm soil layer was the highest;at flowering stage,nitrate and ammonium nitrogen contents in three soil layers were the highest when the irrigation amount was 150 mm and pure nitrogen fertilizer was 40 kg/hm^2.The combination of 150 mm irrigation depth per unit area and 40 kg/hm^2 pure nitrogen fertilizer application at flowering stage is the most beneficial to the yield of spring wheat,soil available nitrogen content and water conservation in Loess Plateau of Central Gansu.
作者
陈志明
李广
吴建国
闫丽娟
Chen Zhiming;Li Guang;Wu Jianguo;Yan Lijuan(College of Forestry,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070;Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012;Agricultural College,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070)
出处
《中国农学通报》
2020年第8期8-16,共9页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
国家自然科学基金项目“旱地小麦产量形成对气候变化的响应及其耕作措施调控”(31560378),“春小麦产量形成对干旱胁迫的响应模拟及补灌调控”(31560343)
甘肃省重点研发计划“气候变化背景下旱作农田温室气体减排的耕作调控技术与示范”(18YF1NA070)
甘肃省高等学校协同创新团队项目“区域生态恢复创新团队”(2018C-16)
甘肃省财政专项(GSCZZ-20160909).
关键词
陇中黄土高原
小麦
产量
土壤硝态氮
土壤铵态氮
土壤含水量
Loess Plateau in Central Gansu
wheat
yield
soil nitrate nitrogen
soil ammonium nitrogen
soil water content
