Traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） holds a holistic theory, and specializes in balancing disordered human body using numerous natural products, particularly Chinese herbal formulae. TCM has certain treatment advantag...Traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） holds a holistic theory, and specializes in balancing disordered human body using numerous natural products, particularly Chinese herbal formulae. TCM has certain treatment advantages for patients suffering from various complex diseases. However, due to the complex nature of TCM, it remains difficult to unveil such holistic medicine by the current reductionism research strategies, which treat both herbal ingredients and targets in isolation. Recently, an emerging network pharmacology approach has been introduced to tackle this bottleneck problem. A TCM-derived novel therapeutic concept, ＂network target＂, which is different from the Western medicine＇s ＂onetarget＂ concept, has been proposed from China. The network target strategy is able to illustrate the complex interactions among the biological systems, drugs, and complex diseases from a network perspective, and thus provides an innovative approach to access ancient remedies in a precision manner and at a systematic level, which also highlights TCM＇s potential in current medical systems.展开更多
Comprehensive Summary,Efficient charge transport and defect passivation are essential for high efficiency of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Functionalized fullerenes featuring high electron aff...Comprehensive Summary,Efficient charge transport and defect passivation are essential for high efficiency of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Functionalized fullerenes featuring high electron affinity and mobility as well as small reorganization energy have been extensively applied in PSCs toward facilitated electron transport and passivated trap states,leading to improvements of both device efficiency and stability.Herein,we summarize the recent advances,especially in the last three years,in applications of functionalized fullerenes including fullerene derivatives and endohedral metallofullerenes in PSCs.Their functions in trap state passivation,electron transport promotion,crystalline modulation,water/oxygen erosion inhibition,and so on,are discussed in details.In particular,we emphasize novel functions of fullerenes beyond trap state passivation,as well as the synergy of multifunction of fullerenes in improving PSC device performance and stability.Finally,we present an outlook on designing novel multifunctionalized fullerenes toward highly efficient and stable PSC devices.展开更多
The immunoprotective components control COVID-19 disease severity,as well as long-term adaptive immunity maintenance and subsequent reinfection risk discrepancies across initial COVID-19 severity,remain unclarified.He...The immunoprotective components control COVID-19 disease severity,as well as long-term adaptive immunity maintenance and subsequent reinfection risk discrepancies across initial COVID-19 severity,remain unclarified.Here,we longitudinally analyzed SARS-CoV-2-specific immune effectors during the acute infection and convalescent phases of 165 patients with COVID-19 categorized by severity.We found that early and robust SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)T cell responses ameliorate disease progression and shortened hospital stay,while delayed and attenuated virus-specific CD8^(+)T cell responses are prominent severe COVID-19 features.Delayed antiviral antibody generation rather than titer level associates with severe outcomes.Conversely,initial COVID-19 severity imprints the long-term maintenance of SARS-CoV-2-specific adaptive immunity,demonstrating that severe convalescents exhibited more sustained virus-specific antibodies and memory T cell responses compared to mild/moderate counterparts.Moreover,initial COVID-19 severity inversely correlates with SARS-CoV-2 reinfection risk.Overall,our study unravels the complicated interaction between temporal characteristics of virus-specific T cell responses and COVID-19 severity to guide future SARS-CoV-2 wave management.展开更多
Hard carbons are widely investigated as potential anodes for lithium and sodium ion batteries owing to their internally well-tailored textures(closed pores and defects) and large microcrystalline interlayer spacing. T...Hard carbons are widely investigated as potential anodes for lithium and sodium ion batteries owing to their internally well-tailored textures(closed pores and defects) and large microcrystalline interlayer spacing. The renewable biomass is a green and economically attractive carbon source to produce hard carbons. However, the chemical and structural complexity of biomass has plagued the understanding of evolution mechanism from organic precursors to hard carbons and the structure-property relationship.This makes it difficult to finely tune the microstructure of biomass-derived hard carbons, thus greatly restricting their high-performance applications. Most recently, the optimal utilization and controllable conversion of biomass-derived biopolymers(such as starch, cellulose and lignin) at the molecular level have become a burgeoning area of research to develop hard carbons for advanced batteries.Considering the principal source of carbonaceous materials is from biomass pyrolysis, we firstly overview the chemical structures and pyrolysis behaviors of three main biopolymers. Then, the controllable preparation of hard carbons using various physicochemical properties of biopolymers at the molecular level is systematically discussed. Furthermore, we highlight present challenges and further opportunities in this field. The Review will guide future research works on the design of sustainable hard carbons and the optimization of battery performance.展开更多
MicroRNA （miRNA） plays key roles in post-transcriptional regulations. Recently, a competing endogenous RNA （ceRNA） hypothesis has been proposed that miRNA targets could communicate and regulate each other through ...MicroRNA （miRNA） plays key roles in post-transcriptional regulations. Recently, a competing endogenous RNA （ceRNA） hypothesis has been proposed that miRNA targets could communicate and regulate each other through titrating shared miRNAs, which provides a new layer of gene regulation. Though a number of ceRNAs playing biological functions have been identified, the ceRNA hypothesis remains controversial. Recent experimental and theoretical studies argued that the modulation of a single RNA species could hardly change the expression level of competing miRNA targets through ceRNA effect under normal physiological conditions. Here, we reviewed a common framework to model miRNA regulations, and summarized the current theoretical and experimental studies for quantitative understanding ceRNA effect. By revisiting a coarse-grained ceRNA model, we proposed that network topology could significantly influence the competing effect and ceRNA regulation at protein level could be much stronger than that at RNA level. We also provided a conditional independent binding equation to describe miRNA relative repression on different target, which could be applied to quantify siRNA off-target effect.展开更多
One goal of precise oncology is to re-classify cancer based on molecular features rather than its tissue origin. Integrative clustering of large-scale multi-omics data is an important way for molecule-based cancer cla...One goal of precise oncology is to re-classify cancer based on molecular features rather than its tissue origin. Integrative clustering of large-scale multi-omics data is an important way for molecule-based cancer classification. The data heterogeneity and the complexity of inter-omics variations are two major challenges for the integrative clustering analysis. According to the different strategies to deal with these difficulties, we summarized the clustering methods as three major categories： direct integrative clustering, clustering of clusters and regulatory integrative clustering. A few practical considerations on data pre-processing, post-clustering analysis and pathway-based analysis arc also discussed.展开更多
A fourth-order finite difference method is proposed and studied for the primitive equations(PEs)of large-scale atmospheric and oceanic flow based on mean vorticity formulation.Since the vertical average of the horizon...A fourth-order finite difference method is proposed and studied for the primitive equations(PEs)of large-scale atmospheric and oceanic flow based on mean vorticity formulation.Since the vertical average of the horizontal velocity field is divergence-free,we can introduce mean vorticity and mean stream function which are connected by a 2-D Poisson equation.As a result,the PEs can be reformulated such that the prognostic equation for the horizontal velocity is replaced by evolutionary equations for the mean vorticity field and the vertical derivative of the horizontal velocity.The mean vorticity equation is approximated by a compact difference scheme due to the difficulty of the mean vorticity boundary condition,while fourth-order long-stencil approximations are utilized to deal with transport type equations for computational convenience.The numerical values for the total velocity field(both horizontal and vertical)are statically determined by a discrete realization of a differential equation at each fixed horizontal point.The method is highly efficient and is capable of producing highly resolved solutions at a reasonable computational cost.The full fourth-order accuracy is checked by an example of the reformulated PEs with force terms.Additionally,numerical results of a large-scale oceanic circulation are presented.展开更多
The paper deals with the production technology of knee joint replacement by using rapid prototyping technology.The aim of the work is to outline the manufacturing technology intended for prototype production with the ...The paper deals with the production technology of knee joint replacement by using rapid prototyping technology.The aim of the work is to outline the manufacturing technology intended for prototype production with the use of rapid prototyping and investment casting technology for use in orthopaedics and the surgery of knee joint replacement.The research results should make an effective contribution in the attempts to minimize the invasive surgical procedure,shorten the production of knee joint replacement as well as reduce the cost.At present,the research is focused on the preparation of STL data from CT (Computed Tomography) and verification of the production technology of prototypes made using available RP technology and its evaluation.展开更多
With the rapid development of next generation deep sequencing technologies,sequencing cDNA reverse-transcribed from RNA molecules(RNA-Seq)has become a key approach in studying gene expression and transcriptomes.Becaus...With the rapid development of next generation deep sequencing technologies,sequencing cDNA reverse-transcribed from RNA molecules(RNA-Seq)has become a key approach in studying gene expression and transcriptomes.Because RNA-Seq does not rely on annotation of known genes,it provides the opportunity of discovering transcripts that have not been annotated in current databases.Studying the distribution of RNASeq signals and a systematic view on the potential new transcripts revealed from the signals is an important step toward the understanding of transcriptomes.展开更多
The National Basic Research Program of China, also known as the 973 Program, has been the most prestigious center grant for basic research of various fields funded by the central government in China for the past 20 ye...The National Basic Research Program of China, also known as the 973 Program, has been the most prestigious center grant for basic research of various fields funded by the central government in China for the past 20 years. In this program, we have been lucky to have the opportunity to conduct a 5-year research project （#2012CB316500） on ＂Bioinfor- matics Theories and Methods for Next-Generation Sequencing＂ since 2012. We call it the project on Next-Generation Bioinformatics for short.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81225025 and 91229201)
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） holds a holistic theory, and specializes in balancing disordered human body using numerous natural products, particularly Chinese herbal formulae. TCM has certain treatment advantages for patients suffering from various complex diseases. However, due to the complex nature of TCM, it remains difficult to unveil such holistic medicine by the current reductionism research strategies, which treat both herbal ingredients and targets in isolation. Recently, an emerging network pharmacology approach has been introduced to tackle this bottleneck problem. A TCM-derived novel therapeutic concept, ＂network target＂, which is different from the Western medicine＇s ＂onetarget＂ concept, has been proposed from China. The network target strategy is able to illustrate the complex interactions among the biological systems, drugs, and complex diseases from a network perspective, and thus provides an innovative approach to access ancient remedies in a precision manner and at a systematic level, which also highlights TCM＇s potential in current medical systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172053,51925206,U1932214)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515140089).
文摘Comprehensive Summary,Efficient charge transport and defect passivation are essential for high efficiency of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Functionalized fullerenes featuring high electron affinity and mobility as well as small reorganization energy have been extensively applied in PSCs toward facilitated electron transport and passivated trap states,leading to improvements of both device efficiency and stability.Herein,we summarize the recent advances,especially in the last three years,in applications of functionalized fullerenes including fullerene derivatives and endohedral metallofullerenes in PSCs.Their functions in trap state passivation,electron transport promotion,crystalline modulation,water/oxygen erosion inhibition,and so on,are discussed in details.In particular,we emphasize novel functions of fullerenes beyond trap state passivation,as well as the synergy of multifunction of fullerenes in improving PSC device performance and stability.Finally,we present an outlook on designing novel multifunctionalized fullerenes toward highly efficient and stable PSC devices.
基金supported by R&D Program of Guangzhou National Laboratory(SRPG23-005)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC2306400)+6 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2604104)Ministry of Science and Technology of the P.R.Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 81971485 and 82271801)S&T Program of Guangzhou Laboratory(SRPG22-006)Zhongnanshan Medical Foundation of Guangdong Province(ZNSA-2020013)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022B1111070002,2020B1111330001)Emergency Key Program of Guangzhou Laboratory(No.EKPG21-30-1).
文摘The immunoprotective components control COVID-19 disease severity,as well as long-term adaptive immunity maintenance and subsequent reinfection risk discrepancies across initial COVID-19 severity,remain unclarified.Here,we longitudinally analyzed SARS-CoV-2-specific immune effectors during the acute infection and convalescent phases of 165 patients with COVID-19 categorized by severity.We found that early and robust SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)T cell responses ameliorate disease progression and shortened hospital stay,while delayed and attenuated virus-specific CD8^(+)T cell responses are prominent severe COVID-19 features.Delayed antiviral antibody generation rather than titer level associates with severe outcomes.Conversely,initial COVID-19 severity imprints the long-term maintenance of SARS-CoV-2-specific adaptive immunity,demonstrating that severe convalescents exhibited more sustained virus-specific antibodies and memory T cell responses compared to mild/moderate counterparts.Moreover,initial COVID-19 severity inversely correlates with SARS-CoV-2 reinfection risk.Overall,our study unravels the complicated interaction between temporal characteristics of virus-specific T cell responses and COVID-19 severity to guide future SARS-CoV-2 wave management.
基金the support of this work by the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(20210302123008,20210302124101)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(2019178)+1 种基金the National Science Foundation for Excellent Young Scholars of China(21922815)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21975275,22179139)。
文摘Hard carbons are widely investigated as potential anodes for lithium and sodium ion batteries owing to their internally well-tailored textures(closed pores and defects) and large microcrystalline interlayer spacing. The renewable biomass is a green and economically attractive carbon source to produce hard carbons. However, the chemical and structural complexity of biomass has plagued the understanding of evolution mechanism from organic precursors to hard carbons and the structure-property relationship.This makes it difficult to finely tune the microstructure of biomass-derived hard carbons, thus greatly restricting their high-performance applications. Most recently, the optimal utilization and controllable conversion of biomass-derived biopolymers(such as starch, cellulose and lignin) at the molecular level have become a burgeoning area of research to develop hard carbons for advanced batteries.Considering the principal source of carbonaceous materials is from biomass pyrolysis, we firstly overview the chemical structures and pyrolysis behaviors of three main biopolymers. Then, the controllable preparation of hard carbons using various physicochemical properties of biopolymers at the molecular level is systematically discussed. Furthermore, we highlight present challenges and further opportunities in this field. The Review will guide future research works on the design of sustainable hard carbons and the optimization of battery performance.
文摘MicroRNA （miRNA） plays key roles in post-transcriptional regulations. Recently, a competing endogenous RNA （ceRNA） hypothesis has been proposed that miRNA targets could communicate and regulate each other through titrating shared miRNAs, which provides a new layer of gene regulation. Though a number of ceRNAs playing biological functions have been identified, the ceRNA hypothesis remains controversial. Recent experimental and theoretical studies argued that the modulation of a single RNA species could hardly change the expression level of competing miRNA targets through ceRNA effect under normal physiological conditions. Here, we reviewed a common framework to model miRNA regulations, and summarized the current theoretical and experimental studies for quantitative understanding ceRNA effect. By revisiting a coarse-grained ceRNA model, we proposed that network topology could significantly influence the competing effect and ceRNA regulation at protein level could be much stronger than that at RNA level. We also provided a conditional independent binding equation to describe miRNA relative repression on different target, which could be applied to quantify siRNA off-target effect.
文摘One goal of precise oncology is to re-classify cancer based on molecular features rather than its tissue origin. Integrative clustering of large-scale multi-omics data is an important way for molecule-based cancer classification. The data heterogeneity and the complexity of inter-omics variations are two major challenges for the integrative clustering analysis. According to the different strategies to deal with these difficulties, we summarized the clustering methods as three major categories： direct integrative clustering, clustering of clusters and regulatory integrative clustering. A few practical considerations on data pre-processing, post-clustering analysis and pathway-based analysis arc also discussed.
文摘A fourth-order finite difference method is proposed and studied for the primitive equations(PEs)of large-scale atmospheric and oceanic flow based on mean vorticity formulation.Since the vertical average of the horizontal velocity field is divergence-free,we can introduce mean vorticity and mean stream function which are connected by a 2-D Poisson equation.As a result,the PEs can be reformulated such that the prognostic equation for the horizontal velocity is replaced by evolutionary equations for the mean vorticity field and the vertical derivative of the horizontal velocity.The mean vorticity equation is approximated by a compact difference scheme due to the difficulty of the mean vorticity boundary condition,while fourth-order long-stencil approximations are utilized to deal with transport type equations for computational convenience.The numerical values for the total velocity field(both horizontal and vertical)are statically determined by a discrete realization of a differential equation at each fixed horizontal point.The method is highly efficient and is capable of producing highly resolved solutions at a reasonable computational cost.The full fourth-order accuracy is checked by an example of the reformulated PEs with force terms.Additionally,numerical results of a large-scale oceanic circulation are presented.
基金supported by the specific research project on "Production Technology of Complex Parts with Specific Requirements on Shape and Function Properties",ID No. 404,Reg. No. FSI-J-10-73,which was funded by FME BUT
文摘The paper deals with the production technology of knee joint replacement by using rapid prototyping technology.The aim of the work is to outline the manufacturing technology intended for prototype production with the use of rapid prototyping and investment casting technology for use in orthopaedics and the surgery of knee joint replacement.The research results should make an effective contribution in the attempts to minimize the invasive surgical procedure,shorten the production of knee joint replacement as well as reduce the cost.At present,the research is focused on the preparation of STL data from CT (Computed Tomography) and verification of the production technology of prototypes made using available RP technology and its evaluation.
基金This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61021063 and 60928007).
文摘With the rapid development of next generation deep sequencing technologies,sequencing cDNA reverse-transcribed from RNA molecules(RNA-Seq)has become a key approach in studying gene expression and transcriptomes.Because RNA-Seq does not rely on annotation of known genes,it provides the opportunity of discovering transcripts that have not been annotated in current databases.Studying the distribution of RNASeq signals and a systematic view on the potential new transcripts revealed from the signals is an important step toward the understanding of transcriptomes.
文摘The National Basic Research Program of China, also known as the 973 Program, has been the most prestigious center grant for basic research of various fields funded by the central government in China for the past 20 years. In this program, we have been lucky to have the opportunity to conduct a 5-year research project （#2012CB316500） on ＂Bioinfor- matics Theories and Methods for Next-Generation Sequencing＂ since 2012. We call it the project on Next-Generation Bioinformatics for short.
