The contents and distribution of 20 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （HAHs） were investigated in 16 soil profiles of Beijing and Tianjin region. Transport of high mole...The contents and distribution of 20 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （HAHs） were investigated in 16 soil profiles of Beijing and Tianjin region. Transport of high molecular weight PAHs （HMWPAHs） and the correlation between total organic carbon （TOC） and their concentrations were also discussed. The results indicated that highly contaminated sites were located at urban or wastewater irrigation areas and pollutants mainly accumulated in topsoil （〈 40 cm）, with a sharp content decrease at the vertical boundary of 30-40 cm. Total PAHs/HAHs concentrations in soils from Tianjin were markedly greater than those from Beijing. Even the contents at bottoms of soil profiles in Tianjin were higher than those in topsoils of Beijing soil profile. HMWPAHs dominated the PAH profiles, exhibiting a uniform distribution of pyrogenic origin between topsoils and deep layers. Furthermore, the percentages of HMWPAHs remained relative constant with the depth of soil profiles, which were consistent with the distribution of particulate matter-associated PAHs in the local atmospheric environments. Therefore, HMWPAHs transport with particulates might be the predominant source found in soil profiles.展开更多
Digital farming is the practice of modern technologies such as sensors,robotics,and data analysis for shifting from tedious operations to continuously automated processes.This paper reviews some of the latest achievem...Digital farming is the practice of modern technologies such as sensors,robotics,and data analysis for shifting from tedious operations to continuously automated processes.This paper reviews some of the latest achievements in agricultural robotics,specifically those that are used for autonomous weed control,field scouting,and harvesting.Object identification,task planning algorithms,digitalization and optimization of sensors are highlighted as some of the facing challenges in the context of digital farming.The concepts of multi-robots,human-robot collaboration,and environment reconstruction from aerial images and ground-based sensors for the creation of virtual farms were highlighted as some of the gateways of digital farming.It was shown that one of the trends and research focuses in agricultural field robotics is towards building a swarm of small scale robots and drones that collaborate together to optimize farming inputs and reveal denied or concealed information.For the case of robotic harvesting,an autonomous framework with several simple axis manipulators can be faster and more efficient than the currently adapted professional expensive manipulators.While robots are becoming the inseparable parts of the modern farms,our conclusion is that it is not realistic to expect an entirely automated farming system in the future.展开更多
The FAIR principles have been widely cited,endorsed and adopted by a broad range of stakeholders since their publication in 2016.By intention,the 15 FAIR guiding principles do not dictate specific technological implem...The FAIR principles have been widely cited,endorsed and adopted by a broad range of stakeholders since their publication in 2016.By intention,the 15 FAIR guiding principles do not dictate specific technological implementations,but provide guidance for improving Findability,Accessibility,Interoperability and Reusability of digital resources.This has likely contributed to the broad adoption of the FAIR principles,because individual stakeholder communities can implement their own FAIR solutions.However,it has also resulted in inconsistent interpretations that carry the risk of leading to incompatible implementations.Thus,while the FAIR principles are formulated on a high level and may be interpreted and implemented in different ways,for true interoperability we need to support convergence in implementation choices that are widely accessible and(re)-usable.We introduce the concept of FAIR implementation considerations to assist accelerated global participation and convergence towards accessible,robust,widespread and consistent FAIR implementations.Any self-identified stakeholder community may either choose to reuse solutions from existing implementations,or when they spot a gap,accept the challenge to create the needed solution,which,ideally,can be used again by other communities in the future.Here,we provide interpretations and implementation considerations(choices and challenges)for each FAIR principle.展开更多
As for the drop of particle diversity and the slow convergent speed of particle in the late evolution period when particle swarm optimization（PSO） is applied to solve high-dimensional multi-modal functions,a hybrid ...As for the drop of particle diversity and the slow convergent speed of particle in the late evolution period when particle swarm optimization（PSO） is applied to solve high-dimensional multi-modal functions,a hybrid optimization algorithm based on the cat mapping,the cloud model and PSO is proposed.While the PSO algorithm evolves a certain of generations,this algorithm applies the cat mapping to implement global disturbance of the poorer individuals,and employs the cloud model to execute local search of the better individuals;accordingly,the obtained best individuals form a new swarm.For this new swarm,the evolution operation is maintained with the PSO algorithm,using the parameter of pop distr to balance the global and local search capacity of the algorithm,as well as,adopting the parameter of mix gen to control mixing times of the algorithm.The comparative analysis is carried out on the basis of 4 functions and other algorithms.It indicates that this algorithm shows faster convergent speed and better solving precision for solving functions particularly those high-dimensional multi-modal functions.Finally,the suggested values are proposed for parameters pop distr and mix gen applied to different dimension functions via the comparative analysis of parameters.展开更多
As the 5G communication networks are being widely deployed worldwide,both industry and academia have started to move beyond 5G and explore 6G communications.It is generally believed that 6G will be established on ubiq...As the 5G communication networks are being widely deployed worldwide,both industry and academia have started to move beyond 5G and explore 6G communications.It is generally believed that 6G will be established on ubiquitous Artificial Intelligence(AI)to achieve data-driven Machine Learning(ML)solutions in heterogeneous and massive-scale networks.However,traditional ML techniques require centralized data collection and processing by a central server,which is becoming a bottleneck of large-scale implementation in daily life due to significantly increasing privacy concerns.Federated learning,as an emerging distributed AI approach with privacy preservation nature,is particularly attractive for various wireless applications,especially being treated as one of the vital solutions to achieve ubiquitous AI in 6G.In this article,we first introduce the integration of 6G and federated learning and provide potential federated learning applications for 6G.We then describe key technical challenges,the corresponding federated learning methods,and open problems for future research on federated learning in the context of 6G communications.展开更多
AIM:To develop a novel 3-dimensional(3D) virtual hepatectomy simulation software,Liversim,to visualize the real-time deformation of the liver.METHODS:We developed a novel real-time virtual hepatectomy simulation softw...AIM:To develop a novel 3-dimensional(3D) virtual hepatectomy simulation software,Liversim,to visualize the real-time deformation of the liver.METHODS:We developed a novel real-time virtual hepatectomy simulation software program called Liversim. The software provides 4 basic functions:viewing 3D models from arbitrary directions,changing the colors and opacities of the models,deforming the models based on user interaction,and incising the liver parenchyma and intrahepatic vessels based on user operations. From April 2010 through 2013,99 patients underwent virtual hepatectomies that used the conventional software program SYNAPSE VINCENT preoperatively. Between April 2012 and October 2013,11 patients received virtual hepatectomies using the novel software program Liversim; these hepatectomies were performed both preoperatively and at the same that the actual hepatectomy was performed in an operating room. The perioperative outcomes were analyzed between the patients for whom SYNAPSE VINCENT was used and those for whom Liversim wasused. Furthermore,medical students and surgical residents were asked to complete questionnaires regarding the new software.RESULTS:There were no obvious discrepancies(i.e.,the emergence of branches in the portal vein or hepatic vein or the depth and direction of the resection line) between our simulation and the actual surgery during the resection process. The median operating time was 304 min(range,110 to 846) in the VINCENT group and 397 min(range,232 to 497) in the Liversim group(P = 0.30). The median amount of intraoperative bleeding was 510 m L(range,18 to 5120) in the VINCENT group and 470 m L(range,130 to 1600) in the Liversim group(P = 0.44). The median postoperative stay was 12 d(range,6 to 100) in the VINCENT group and 13 d(range,9 to 21) in the Liversim group(P = 0.36). There were no significant differences in the preoperative outcomes between the two groups. Liversim was not found to be clinically inferior to SYNAPSE VINCENT. Both students and surgical residents reported that th展开更多
Greenhouse cultivation has evolved from simple covered rows of open-fields crops to highly sophisticated controlled environment agriculture(CEA)facilities that projected the image of plant factories for urban agricult...Greenhouse cultivation has evolved from simple covered rows of open-fields crops to highly sophisticated controlled environment agriculture(CEA)facilities that projected the image of plant factories for urban agriculture.The advances and improvements in CEA have promoted the scientific solutions for the efficient production of plants in populated cities and multi-story buildings.Successful deployment of CEA for urban agriculture requires many components and subsystems,as well as the understanding of the external influencing factors that should be systematically considered and integrated.This review is an attempt to highlight some of the most recent advances in greenhouse technology and CEA in order to raise the awareness for technology transfer and adaptation,which is necessary for a successful transition to urban agriculture.This study reviewed several aspects of a high-tech CEA system including improvements in the frame and covering materials,environment perception and data sharing,and advanced microclimate control and energy optimization models.This research highlighted urban agriculture and its derivatives,including vertical farming,rooftop greenhouses and plant factories which are the extensions of CEA and have emerged as a response to the growing population,environmental degradation,and urbanization that are threatening food security.Finally,several opportunities and challenges have been identified in implementing the integrated CEA and vertical farming for urban agriculture.展开更多
Discovering new materials with excellent performance is a hot issue in the materials genome initiative.Traditional experiments and calculations often waste large amounts of time and money and are also limited by vario...Discovering new materials with excellent performance is a hot issue in the materials genome initiative.Traditional experiments and calculations often waste large amounts of time and money and are also limited by various conditions. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a new method to accelerate the discovery and design of new materials. In recent years, material discovery and design methods using machine learning have attracted much attention from material experts and have made some progress. This review first outlines available materials database and material data analytics tools and then elaborates on the machine learning algorithms used in materials science. Next, the field of application of machine learning in materials science is summarized, focusing on the aspects of structure determination, performance prediction, fingerprint prediction, and new material discovery. Finally, the review points out the problems of data and machine learning in materials science and points to future research. Using machine learning algorithms, the authors hope to achieve amazing results in material discovery and design.展开更多
As an important part in sortie/recovery process,the dispatch of carrier aircraft not only affects the sortie/recovery efficiency and safety,but also has severe influence on the carrier's combat efficiency and the ...As an important part in sortie/recovery process,the dispatch of carrier aircraft not only affects the sortie/recovery efficiency and safety,but also has severe influence on the carrier's combat efficiency and the comprehensive support capability.Path planning is the key to improve the efficiency and safety during the dispatch process.The main purpose of this paper is to propose a comprehensive investigation of techniques and research progress for the carrier aircraft's dispatch path planning on the deck.Three different dispatch modes of carrier aircraft and the corresponding modeling technologies are investigated,and the aircraft's dispatch path planning techniques and algorithms have been classified into different classes.Moreover,their assumptions and drawbacks have been discussed for single aircraft and multiple aircraft.To make the research work more comprehensive,the corresponding tracking control methodologies are also discussed.Finally,due to the similarity of path planning problem between the carrier aircraft's dispatch and those in other fields,this paper provides an exploratory prospect of the knowledge or method learned from other fields.展开更多
Background： The prevalence of developmental dysplasia of the hip （DDH） is unknown in China. We aimed to determine the prevalence of DDH in Chinese adults. Methods： In this study, we performed a cross-sectional sur...Background： The prevalence of developmental dysplasia of the hip （DDH） is unknown in China. We aimed to determine the prevalence of DDH in Chinese adults. Methods： In this study, we performed a cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of Chinese adults. All participants underwent questionnaire investigation, physical examination, and X-ray examination. Factors associated with DDH were analyzed with logistic regression. Results： We invited 29,180 individuals aged 18 years and over to participate, randomly selected from 18 primary sampling units （street districts in urban areas and townships in rural areas）. The survey and examination were completed in 25,767 people （I 0,296 men and 15,471 women）. DDH was diagnosed in 391 people, yielding an overall DDH prevalence of 1.52%. Based on this information, we estimate the number of individuals with DDH in China to be approximately 16.05 million. DDH prevalence increased with age （odds ratio = 1.53 [1 .03-2.27], P = 0.036）, was significantly higher among women than men （2.07% vs. 0.75%, P 〈 0.001）, and was higher among rural residents than urban residents （1.75% vs. 1.29%, P 〈 0.001）. Economic development was independently associated with the presence of DDH. There was no evidence of an association between body mass index alone, education~ or current smoking or drinking and risk of DDH （P 〉 0.05）. Conclusions： DDH has become an important public health problem. Special attention should be paid to residents with DDH. Screening for DDH should be performed in China.展开更多
BACKGROUND The risk of gastric cancer increases in patients with Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG).X-ray examination can evaluate the condition of the stomach,and it can be used for gastri...BACKGROUND The risk of gastric cancer increases in patients with Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG).X-ray examination can evaluate the condition of the stomach,and it can be used for gastric cancer mass screening.However,skilled doctors for interpretation of X-ray examination are decreasing due to the diverse of inspections.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of stomach regions that are automatically estimated by a deep learning-based model for CAG detection.METHODS We used 815 gastric X-ray images(GXIs)obtained from 815 subjects.The ground truth of this study was the diagnostic results in X-ray and endoscopic examinations.For a part of GXIs for training,the stomach regions are manually annotated.A model for automatic estimation of the stomach regions is trained with the GXIs.For the rest of them,the stomach regions are automatically estimated.Finally,a model for automatic CAG detection is trained with all GXIs for training.RESULTS In the case that the stomach regions were manually annotated for only 10 GXIs and 30 GXIs,the harmonic mean of sensitivity and specificity of CAG detection were 0.955±0.002 and 0.963±0.004,respectively.CONCLUSION By estimating stomach regions automatically,our method contributes to the reduction of the workload of manual annotation and the accurate detection of the CAG.展开更多
DURING our discussion at workshops for writing“What Does ChatGPT Say:The DAO from Algorithmic Intelligence to Linguistic Intelligence”[1],we had expected the next milestone for Artificial Intelligence(AI)would be in...DURING our discussion at workshops for writing“What Does ChatGPT Say:The DAO from Algorithmic Intelligence to Linguistic Intelligence”[1],we had expected the next milestone for Artificial Intelligence(AI)would be in the direction of Imaginative Intelligence(II),i.e.,something similar to automatic wordsto-videos generation or intelligent digital movies/theater technology that could be used for conducting new“Artificiofactual Experiments”[2]to replace conventional“Counterfactual Experiments”in scientific research and technical development for both natural and social studies[2]-[6].Now we have OpenAI’s Sora,so soon,but this is not the final,actually far away,and it is just the beginning.展开更多
The outputs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS) Flexible Global Ocean–Atmosphere–Land System(FGOALS-f3-L) model for the baseline experiment of the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project simulation in the Diag...The outputs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS) Flexible Global Ocean–Atmosphere–Land System(FGOALS-f3-L) model for the baseline experiment of the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project simulation in the Diagnostic,Evaluation and Characterization of Klima common experiments of phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6) are described in this paper. The CAS FGOALS-f3-L model, experiment settings, and outputs are all given. In total,there are three ensemble experiments over the period 1979–2014, which are performed with different initial states. The model outputs contain a total of 37 variables and include the required three-hourly mean, six-hourly transient, daily and monthly mean datasets. The baseline performances of the model are validated at different time scales. The preliminary evaluation suggests that the CAS FGOALS-f3-L model can capture the basic patterns of atmospheric circulation and precipitation well, including the propagation of the Madden–Julian Oscillation, activities of tropical cyclones, and the characterization of extreme precipitation. These datasets contribute to the benchmark of current model behaviors for the desired continuity of CMIP.展开更多
There is a great thrust in industry toward the development of more feasible and viable tools for storing fast-growing volume, velocity, and diversity of data, termed ＇big data＇. The structural shift of the storage m...There is a great thrust in industry toward the development of more feasible and viable tools for storing fast-growing volume, velocity, and diversity of data, termed ＇big data＇. The structural shift of the storage mechanism from traditional data management systems to NoSQL technology is due to the intention of fulfilling big data storage requirements. However, the available big data storage technologies are inefficient to provide consistent, scalable, and available solutions for continuously growing heterogeneous data. Storage is the preliminary process of big data analytics for real-world applications such as scientific experiments, healthcare, social networks, and e-business. So far, Amazon, Google, and Apache are some of the industry standards in providing big data storage solutions, yet the literature does not report an in-depth survey of storage technologies available for big data, investigating the performance and magnitude gains of these technologies. The primary objective of this paper is to conduct a comprehensive investigation of state-of-the-art storage technologies available for big data. A well-defined taxonomy of big data storage technologies is presented to assist data analysts and researchers in understanding and selecting a storage mecha- nism that better fits their needs. To evaluate the performance of different storage architectures, we compare and analyze the ex- isling approaches using Brewer＇s CAP theorem. The significance and applications of storage technologies and support to other categories are discussed. Several future research challenges are highlighted with the intention to expedite the deployment of a reliable and scalable storage system.展开更多
Fault prognosis is mainly referred to the estimation of the operating time before a failure occurs,which is vital for ensuring the stability,safety and long lifetime of degrading industrial systems.According to the re...Fault prognosis is mainly referred to the estimation of the operating time before a failure occurs,which is vital for ensuring the stability,safety and long lifetime of degrading industrial systems.According to the results of fault prognosis,the maintenance strategy for underlying industrial systems can realize the conversion from passive maintenance to active maintenance.With the increased complexity and the improved automation level of industrial systems,fault prognosis techniques have become more and more indispensable.Particularly,the datadriven based prognosis approaches,which tend to find the hidden fault factors and determine the specific fault occurrence time of the system by analysing historical or real-time measurement data,gain great attention from different industrial sectors.In this context,the major task of this paper is to present a systematic overview of data-driven fault prognosis for industrial systems.Firstly,the characteristics of different prognosis methods are revealed with the data-based ones being highlighted.Moreover,based on the different data characteristics that exist in industrial systems,the corresponding fault prognosis methodologies are illustrated,with emphasis on analyses and comparisons of different prognosis methods.Finally,we reveal the current research trends and look forward to the future challenges in this field.This review is expected to serve as a tutorial and source of references for fault prognosis researchers.展开更多
The V-system is a complete orthogonal system of functions defined on the interval [0, 1], generated by finite Legendre polynomials and the dilation and translation of a function generator, which consists of a finite n...The V-system is a complete orthogonal system of functions defined on the interval [0, 1], generated by finite Legendre polynomials and the dilation and translation of a function generator, which consists of a finite number of continuous and discontinuous functions. The V-system has interesting properties, such as orthogonality, symmetry, completeness and short compact support. It is shown in this paper that the V-system is essentially a special multi-wavelet basis. As a result, some basic properties of the V-system are established through the well-developed theory of multi-wavelets. From this point of view, more other V-systems are constructed.展开更多
Acute ischemic stroke （AIS）, as the third leading cause of death worldwide, is characterized by its high incidence, mortality rate, high incurred disability rate, and frequent reoccurrence. The neuroprotective effec...Acute ischemic stroke （AIS）, as the third leading cause of death worldwide, is characterized by its high incidence, mortality rate, high incurred disability rate, and frequent reoccurrence. The neuroprotective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract （GBE） against several cerebral diseases have been reported in previous studies, but the underlying mechanisms of action are still unclear. Using a novel in vitro rat cortical capillary endothelial cell- astrocyte-neuron network model, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of GBE and one of its important constituents, Ginkgolide B （GB）, against oxygenglucose deprivation/reoxygenation and glucose （OGD/R） injury. In this model, rat cortical capillary endothelial cells, astrocytes, and neurons were cocultured so that they could be synchronously observed in the same system. Pretreatment with GBE or GB increased the neuron cell viability, ameliorated cell injury, and inhibited the cell apoptotic rate through Bax and Bcl-2 expression regulation after OGD/R injury. Furthermore, GBE or GB pretreatment enhanced the transendothelial electrical resistance of capillary endothelial monolayers, reduced the endothelial permeability coefficients for sodium fluorescein （Na-F）, and increased the expression levels of tight junction proteins, namely, ZO-1 and occludin, in endothelial cells. Results demonstrated the preventive effects of GBE on neuronal cell death and enhancement of the function of brain capillary endothelial monolayers after OGD/R injury in vitro; thus, GBE could be used as an effective neuroprotective agent for AIS/reperfusion, with GB as one of its significant constituents.展开更多
基金supported by the National NaturalScience Foundation of China (No. 40473045)
文摘The contents and distribution of 20 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （HAHs） were investigated in 16 soil profiles of Beijing and Tianjin region. Transport of high molecular weight PAHs （HMWPAHs） and the correlation between total organic carbon （TOC） and their concentrations were also discussed. The results indicated that highly contaminated sites were located at urban or wastewater irrigation areas and pollutants mainly accumulated in topsoil （〈 40 cm）, with a sharp content decrease at the vertical boundary of 30-40 cm. Total PAHs/HAHs concentrations in soils from Tianjin were markedly greater than those from Beijing. Even the contents at bottoms of soil profiles in Tianjin were higher than those in topsoils of Beijing soil profile. HMWPAHs dominated the PAH profiles, exhibiting a uniform distribution of pyrogenic origin between topsoils and deep layers. Furthermore, the percentages of HMWPAHs remained relative constant with the depth of soil profiles, which were consistent with the distribution of particulate matter-associated PAHs in the local atmospheric environments. Therefore, HMWPAHs transport with particulates might be the predominant source found in soil profiles.
文摘Digital farming is the practice of modern technologies such as sensors,robotics,and data analysis for shifting from tedious operations to continuously automated processes.This paper reviews some of the latest achievements in agricultural robotics,specifically those that are used for autonomous weed control,field scouting,and harvesting.Object identification,task planning algorithms,digitalization and optimization of sensors are highlighted as some of the facing challenges in the context of digital farming.The concepts of multi-robots,human-robot collaboration,and environment reconstruction from aerial images and ground-based sensors for the creation of virtual farms were highlighted as some of the gateways of digital farming.It was shown that one of the trends and research focuses in agricultural field robotics is towards building a swarm of small scale robots and drones that collaborate together to optimize farming inputs and reveal denied or concealed information.For the case of robotic harvesting,an autonomous framework with several simple axis manipulators can be faster and more efficient than the currently adapted professional expensive manipulators.While robots are becoming the inseparable parts of the modern farms,our conclusion is that it is not realistic to expect an entirely automated farming system in the future.
基金The work of A.Jacobsen,C.Evelo,M.Thompson,R.Cornet,R.Kaliyaperuma and M.Roos is supported by funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the EJP RD COFUND-EJP N°825575.The work of A.Jacobsen,C.Evelo,C.Goble,M.Thompson,N.Juty,R.Hooft,M.Roos,S-A.Sansone,P.McQuilton,P.Rocca-Serra and D.Batista is supported by funding from ELIXIR EXCELERATE,H2020 grant agreement number 676559.R.Hooft was further funded by NL NWO NRGWI.obrug.2018.009.N.Juty and C.Goble were funded by CORBEL(H2020 grant agreement 654248)N.Juty,C.Goble,S-A.Sansone,P.McQuilton,P.Rocca-Serra and D.Batista were funded by FAIRplus(IMI grant agreement 802750)+12 种基金N.Juty,C.Goble,M.Thompson,M.Roos,S-A.Sansone,P.McQuilton,P.Rocca-Serra and D.Batista were funded by EOSClife H2020-EU(grant agreement number 824087)C.Goble was funded by DMMCore(BBSRC BB/M013189/)M.Thompson,M.Roos received funding from NWO(VWData 400.17.605)S-A.Sansone,P.McQuilton,P.Rocca-Serra and D.Batista have been funded by grants awarded to S-A.Sansone from the UK BBSRC and Research Councils(BB/L024101/1,BB/L005069/1)EU(H2020-EU 634107H2020-EU 654241,IMI(IMPRiND 116060)NIH Data Common Fund,and from the Wellcome Trust(ISA-InterMine 212930/Z/18/ZFAIRsharing 208381/A/17/Z)The work of A.Waagmeester has been funded by grant award number GM089820 from the National Institutes of Health.M.Kersloot was funded by the European Regional Development Fund(KVW-00163).The work of N.Meyers was funded by the National Science Foundation(OAC 1839030)The work of M.D.Wilkinson is funded by Isaac Peral/Marie Curie cofund with the Universidad Politecnica de Madrid and the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad grant number TIN2014-55993-RMThe work of B.Magagna,E.Schultes,L.da Silva Santos and K.Jeffery is funded by the H2020-EU 824068The work of B.Magagna,E.Schultes and L.da Silva Santos is funded by the GO FAIR ISCO grant of the Dutch Ministry of Science and CultureThe work of G.Guizzardi is supported by the OCEAN Project(FUB).M.Courtot received funding from the I
文摘The FAIR principles have been widely cited,endorsed and adopted by a broad range of stakeholders since their publication in 2016.By intention,the 15 FAIR guiding principles do not dictate specific technological implementations,but provide guidance for improving Findability,Accessibility,Interoperability and Reusability of digital resources.This has likely contributed to the broad adoption of the FAIR principles,because individual stakeholder communities can implement their own FAIR solutions.However,it has also resulted in inconsistent interpretations that carry the risk of leading to incompatible implementations.Thus,while the FAIR principles are formulated on a high level and may be interpreted and implemented in different ways,for true interoperability we need to support convergence in implementation choices that are widely accessible and(re)-usable.We introduce the concept of FAIR implementation considerations to assist accelerated global participation and convergence towards accessible,robust,widespread and consistent FAIR implementations.Any self-identified stakeholder community may either choose to reuse solutions from existing implementations,or when they spot a gap,accept the challenge to create the needed solution,which,ideally,can be used again by other communities in the future.Here,we provide interpretations and implementation considerations(choices and challenges)for each FAIR principle.
基金supported by the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(20114307120032)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71201167)
文摘As for the drop of particle diversity and the slow convergent speed of particle in the late evolution period when particle swarm optimization（PSO） is applied to solve high-dimensional multi-modal functions,a hybrid optimization algorithm based on the cat mapping,the cloud model and PSO is proposed.While the PSO algorithm evolves a certain of generations,this algorithm applies the cat mapping to implement global disturbance of the poorer individuals,and employs the cloud model to execute local search of the better individuals;accordingly,the obtained best individuals form a new swarm.For this new swarm,the evolution operation is maintained with the PSO algorithm,using the parameter of pop distr to balance the global and local search capacity of the algorithm,as well as,adopting the parameter of mix gen to control mixing times of the algorithm.The comparative analysis is carried out on the basis of 4 functions and other algorithms.It indicates that this algorithm shows faster convergent speed and better solving precision for solving functions particularly those high-dimensional multi-modal functions.Finally,the suggested values are proposed for parameters pop distr and mix gen applied to different dimension functions via the comparative analysis of parameters.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation(NRF),Singapore,under Singapore Energy Market Authority(EMA),Energy Resilience,NRF2017EWT-EP003-041,Singapore NRF2015NRF-ISF001-2277Singapore NRF National Satellite of Excellence,Design Science and Technology for Secure Critical Infrastructure NSoE DeST-SCI2019-0007+4 种基金A*STARNTU-SUTD Joint Research Grant on Artificial Intelligence for the Future of Manufacturing RGANS1906,Wallenberg AI,Autonomous Systems and Software Program and Nanyang Technological University(WASP/NTU)under grant M4082187(4080),and NTU-We Bank JRI(NWJ-2020-004)Alibaba Group through Alibaba Innovative Research(AIR)Program and Alibaba-NTU Singapore Joint Research Institute(JRI),NTU,SingaporeNational Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant 2018YFC0809803 and Grant 2019YFB2101901Young Innovation Talents Project in Higher Education of Guangdong Province,China under grant No.2018KQNCX333in part by the National Science Foundation of China under Grant 61702364。
文摘As the 5G communication networks are being widely deployed worldwide,both industry and academia have started to move beyond 5G and explore 6G communications.It is generally believed that 6G will be established on ubiquitous Artificial Intelligence(AI)to achieve data-driven Machine Learning(ML)solutions in heterogeneous and massive-scale networks.However,traditional ML techniques require centralized data collection and processing by a central server,which is becoming a bottleneck of large-scale implementation in daily life due to significantly increasing privacy concerns.Federated learning,as an emerging distributed AI approach with privacy preservation nature,is particularly attractive for various wireless applications,especially being treated as one of the vital solutions to achieve ubiquitous AI in 6G.In this article,we first introduce the integration of 6G and federated learning and provide potential federated learning applications for 6G.We then describe key technical challenges,the corresponding federated learning methods,and open problems for future research on federated learning in the context of 6G communications.
文摘AIM:To develop a novel 3-dimensional(3D) virtual hepatectomy simulation software,Liversim,to visualize the real-time deformation of the liver.METHODS:We developed a novel real-time virtual hepatectomy simulation software program called Liversim. The software provides 4 basic functions:viewing 3D models from arbitrary directions,changing the colors and opacities of the models,deforming the models based on user interaction,and incising the liver parenchyma and intrahepatic vessels based on user operations. From April 2010 through 2013,99 patients underwent virtual hepatectomies that used the conventional software program SYNAPSE VINCENT preoperatively. Between April 2012 and October 2013,11 patients received virtual hepatectomies using the novel software program Liversim; these hepatectomies were performed both preoperatively and at the same that the actual hepatectomy was performed in an operating room. The perioperative outcomes were analyzed between the patients for whom SYNAPSE VINCENT was used and those for whom Liversim wasused. Furthermore,medical students and surgical residents were asked to complete questionnaires regarding the new software.RESULTS:There were no obvious discrepancies(i.e.,the emergence of branches in the portal vein or hepatic vein or the depth and direction of the resection line) between our simulation and the actual surgery during the resection process. The median operating time was 304 min(range,110 to 846) in the VINCENT group and 397 min(range,232 to 497) in the Liversim group(P = 0.30). The median amount of intraoperative bleeding was 510 m L(range,18 to 5120) in the VINCENT group and 470 m L(range,130 to 1600) in the Liversim group(P = 0.44). The median postoperative stay was 12 d(range,6 to 100) in the VINCENT group and 13 d(range,9 to 21) in the Liversim group(P = 0.36). There were no significant differences in the preoperative outcomes between the two groups. Liversim was not found to be clinically inferior to SYNAPSE VINCENT. Both students and surgical residents reported that th
文摘Greenhouse cultivation has evolved from simple covered rows of open-fields crops to highly sophisticated controlled environment agriculture(CEA)facilities that projected the image of plant factories for urban agriculture.The advances and improvements in CEA have promoted the scientific solutions for the efficient production of plants in populated cities and multi-story buildings.Successful deployment of CEA for urban agriculture requires many components and subsystems,as well as the understanding of the external influencing factors that should be systematically considered and integrated.This review is an attempt to highlight some of the most recent advances in greenhouse technology and CEA in order to raise the awareness for technology transfer and adaptation,which is necessary for a successful transition to urban agriculture.This study reviewed several aspects of a high-tech CEA system including improvements in the frame and covering materials,environment perception and data sharing,and advanced microclimate control and energy optimization models.This research highlighted urban agriculture and its derivatives,including vertical farming,rooftop greenhouses and plant factories which are the extensions of CEA and have emerged as a response to the growing population,environmental degradation,and urbanization that are threatening food security.Finally,several opportunities and challenges have been identified in implementing the integrated CEA and vertical farming for urban agriculture.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61971208, 61671225 and 51864027)the Yunnan Applied Basic Research Projects (No. 2018FA034)+2 种基金the Yunnan Reserve Talents of Young and Middleaged Academic and Technical Leaders (Shen Tao, 2018)the Yunnan Young Top Talents of Ten Thousands Plan (Shen Tao, Zhu Yan, Yunren Social Development No. 2018 73)the Scientific Research Foundation of Kunming University of Science and Technology (No. KKSY201703016)。
文摘Discovering new materials with excellent performance is a hot issue in the materials genome initiative.Traditional experiments and calculations often waste large amounts of time and money and are also limited by various conditions. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a new method to accelerate the discovery and design of new materials. In recent years, material discovery and design methods using machine learning have attracted much attention from material experts and have made some progress. This review first outlines available materials database and material data analytics tools and then elaborates on the machine learning algorithms used in materials science. Next, the field of application of machine learning in materials science is summarized, focusing on the aspects of structure determination, performance prediction, fingerprint prediction, and new material discovery. Finally, the review points out the problems of data and machine learning in materials science and points to future research. Using machine learning algorithms, the authors hope to achieve amazing results in material discovery and design.
基金the financial support of the National Key Research and Development Plan(No.2017YFB1301103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11922203,11772074,11761131005)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.DUT19TD17,DUT19TB18)。
文摘As an important part in sortie/recovery process,the dispatch of carrier aircraft not only affects the sortie/recovery efficiency and safety,but also has severe influence on the carrier's combat efficiency and the comprehensive support capability.Path planning is the key to improve the efficiency and safety during the dispatch process.The main purpose of this paper is to propose a comprehensive investigation of techniques and research progress for the carrier aircraft's dispatch path planning on the deck.Three different dispatch modes of carrier aircraft and the corresponding modeling technologies are investigated,and the aircraft's dispatch path planning techniques and algorithms have been classified into different classes.Moreover,their assumptions and drawbacks have been discussed for single aircraft and multiple aircraft.To make the research work more comprehensive,the corresponding tracking control methodologies are also discussed.Finally,due to the similarity of path planning problem between the carrier aircraft's dispatch and those in other fields,this paper provides an exploratory prospect of the knowledge or method learned from other fields.
文摘Background： The prevalence of developmental dysplasia of the hip （DDH） is unknown in China. We aimed to determine the prevalence of DDH in Chinese adults. Methods： In this study, we performed a cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of Chinese adults. All participants underwent questionnaire investigation, physical examination, and X-ray examination. Factors associated with DDH were analyzed with logistic regression. Results： We invited 29,180 individuals aged 18 years and over to participate, randomly selected from 18 primary sampling units （street districts in urban areas and townships in rural areas）. The survey and examination were completed in 25,767 people （I 0,296 men and 15,471 women）. DDH was diagnosed in 391 people, yielding an overall DDH prevalence of 1.52%. Based on this information, we estimate the number of individuals with DDH in China to be approximately 16.05 million. DDH prevalence increased with age （odds ratio = 1.53 [1 .03-2.27], P = 0.036）, was significantly higher among women than men （2.07% vs. 0.75%, P 〈 0.001）, and was higher among rural residents than urban residents （1.75% vs. 1.29%, P 〈 0.001）. Economic development was independently associated with the presence of DDH. There was no evidence of an association between body mass index alone, education~ or current smoking or drinking and risk of DDH （P 〉 0.05）. Conclusions： DDH has become an important public health problem. Special attention should be paid to residents with DDH. Screening for DDH should be performed in China.
文摘BACKGROUND The risk of gastric cancer increases in patients with Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG).X-ray examination can evaluate the condition of the stomach,and it can be used for gastric cancer mass screening.However,skilled doctors for interpretation of X-ray examination are decreasing due to the diverse of inspections.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of stomach regions that are automatically estimated by a deep learning-based model for CAG detection.METHODS We used 815 gastric X-ray images(GXIs)obtained from 815 subjects.The ground truth of this study was the diagnostic results in X-ray and endoscopic examinations.For a part of GXIs for training,the stomach regions are manually annotated.A model for automatic estimation of the stomach regions is trained with the GXIs.For the rest of them,the stomach regions are automatically estimated.Finally,a model for automatic CAG detection is trained with all GXIs for training.RESULTS In the case that the stomach regions were manually annotated for only 10 GXIs and 30 GXIs,the harmonic mean of sensitivity and specificity of CAG detection were 0.955±0.002 and 0.963±0.004,respectively.CONCLUSION By estimating stomach regions automatically,our method contributes to the reduction of the workload of manual annotation and the accurate detection of the CAG.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62271485,61903363,U1811463,62103411,62203250)the Science and Technology Development Fund of Macao SAR(0093/2023/RIA2,0050/2020/A1)。
文摘DURING our discussion at workshops for writing“What Does ChatGPT Say:The DAO from Algorithmic Intelligence to Linguistic Intelligence”[1],we had expected the next milestone for Artificial Intelligence(AI)would be in the direction of Imaginative Intelligence(II),i.e.,something similar to automatic wordsto-videos generation or intelligent digital movies/theater technology that could be used for conducting new“Artificiofactual Experiments”[2]to replace conventional“Counterfactual Experiments”in scientific research and technical development for both natural and social studies[2]-[6].Now we have OpenAI’s Sora,so soon,but this is not the final,actually far away,and it is just the beginning.
基金funded by the National Key Research and development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0604004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 91737306, U1811464, 41530426, 91837101, 41730963, and 91637312)
文摘The outputs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS) Flexible Global Ocean–Atmosphere–Land System(FGOALS-f3-L) model for the baseline experiment of the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project simulation in the Diagnostic,Evaluation and Characterization of Klima common experiments of phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6) are described in this paper. The CAS FGOALS-f3-L model, experiment settings, and outputs are all given. In total,there are three ensemble experiments over the period 1979–2014, which are performed with different initial states. The model outputs contain a total of 37 variables and include the required three-hourly mean, six-hourly transient, daily and monthly mean datasets. The baseline performances of the model are validated at different time scales. The preliminary evaluation suggests that the CAS FGOALS-f3-L model can capture the basic patterns of atmospheric circulation and precipitation well, including the propagation of the Madden–Julian Oscillation, activities of tropical cyclones, and the characterization of extreme precipitation. These datasets contribute to the benchmark of current model behaviors for the desired continuity of CMIP.
文摘There is a great thrust in industry toward the development of more feasible and viable tools for storing fast-growing volume, velocity, and diversity of data, termed ＇big data＇. The structural shift of the storage mechanism from traditional data management systems to NoSQL technology is due to the intention of fulfilling big data storage requirements. However, the available big data storage technologies are inefficient to provide consistent, scalable, and available solutions for continuously growing heterogeneous data. Storage is the preliminary process of big data analytics for real-world applications such as scientific experiments, healthcare, social networks, and e-business. So far, Amazon, Google, and Apache are some of the industry standards in providing big data storage solutions, yet the literature does not report an in-depth survey of storage technologies available for big data, investigating the performance and magnitude gains of these technologies. The primary objective of this paper is to conduct a comprehensive investigation of state-of-the-art storage technologies available for big data. A well-defined taxonomy of big data storage technologies is presented to assist data analysts and researchers in understanding and selecting a storage mecha- nism that better fits their needs. To evaluate the performance of different storage architectures, we compare and analyze the ex- isling approaches using Brewer＇s CAP theorem. The significance and applications of storage technologies and support to other categories are discussed. Several future research challenges are highlighted with the intention to expedite the deployment of a reliable and scalable storage system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61773087)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFB1601500)High-tech Ship Research Project of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology-Research of Intelligent Ship Testing and Verifacation([2018]473)
文摘Fault prognosis is mainly referred to the estimation of the operating time before a failure occurs,which is vital for ensuring the stability,safety and long lifetime of degrading industrial systems.According to the results of fault prognosis,the maintenance strategy for underlying industrial systems can realize the conversion from passive maintenance to active maintenance.With the increased complexity and the improved automation level of industrial systems,fault prognosis techniques have become more and more indispensable.Particularly,the datadriven based prognosis approaches,which tend to find the hidden fault factors and determine the specific fault occurrence time of the system by analysing historical or real-time measurement data,gain great attention from different industrial sectors.In this context,the major task of this paper is to present a systematic overview of data-driven fault prognosis for industrial systems.Firstly,the characteristics of different prognosis methods are revealed with the data-based ones being highlighted.Moreover,based on the different data characteristics that exist in industrial systems,the corresponding fault prognosis methodologies are illustrated,with emphasis on analyses and comparisons of different prognosis methods.Finally,we reveal the current research trends and look forward to the future challenges in this field.This review is expected to serve as a tutorial and source of references for fault prognosis researchers.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.11071261,60873088 and 10911120394)
文摘The V-system is a complete orthogonal system of functions defined on the interval [0, 1], generated by finite Legendre polynomials and the dilation and translation of a function generator, which consists of a finite number of continuous and discontinuous functions. The V-system has interesting properties, such as orthogonality, symmetry, completeness and short compact support. It is shown in this paper that the V-system is essentially a special multi-wavelet basis. As a result, some basic properties of the V-system are established through the well-developed theory of multi-wavelets. From this point of view, more other V-systems are constructed.
文摘Acute ischemic stroke （AIS）, as the third leading cause of death worldwide, is characterized by its high incidence, mortality rate, high incurred disability rate, and frequent reoccurrence. The neuroprotective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract （GBE） against several cerebral diseases have been reported in previous studies, but the underlying mechanisms of action are still unclear. Using a novel in vitro rat cortical capillary endothelial cell- astrocyte-neuron network model, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of GBE and one of its important constituents, Ginkgolide B （GB）, against oxygenglucose deprivation/reoxygenation and glucose （OGD/R） injury. In this model, rat cortical capillary endothelial cells, astrocytes, and neurons were cocultured so that they could be synchronously observed in the same system. Pretreatment with GBE or GB increased the neuron cell viability, ameliorated cell injury, and inhibited the cell apoptotic rate through Bax and Bcl-2 expression regulation after OGD/R injury. Furthermore, GBE or GB pretreatment enhanced the transendothelial electrical resistance of capillary endothelial monolayers, reduced the endothelial permeability coefficients for sodium fluorescein （Na-F）, and increased the expression levels of tight junction proteins, namely, ZO-1 and occludin, in endothelial cells. Results demonstrated the preventive effects of GBE on neuronal cell death and enhancement of the function of brain capillary endothelial monolayers after OGD/R injury in vitro; thus, GBE could be used as an effective neuroprotective agent for AIS/reperfusion, with GB as one of its significant constituents.
