In this study, a hybrid machine learning (HML)-based approach, incorporating Genetic data analysis (GDA), is proposed to accurately identify the presence of adenomatous colorectal polyps (ACRP) which is a crucial earl...In this study, a hybrid machine learning (HML)-based approach, incorporating Genetic data analysis (GDA), is proposed to accurately identify the presence of adenomatous colorectal polyps (ACRP) which is a crucial early detector of colorectal cancer (CRC). The present study develops a classification ensemble model based on tuned hyperparameters. Surpassing accuracy percentages of early detection approaches used in previous studies, the current method exhibits exceptional performance in identifying ACRP and diagnosing CRC, overcoming limitations of CRC traditional methods that are based on error-prone manual examination. Particularly, the method demonstrates the following CRP identification accuracy data: 97.7 ± 1.1, precision: 94.3 ± 5, recall: 96.0 ± 3, F1-score: 95.7 ± 4, specificity: 97.3 ± 1.2, average AUC: 0.97.3 ± 0.02, and average p-value: 0.0425 ± 0.07. The findings underscore the potential of this method for early detection of ACRP as well as clinical use in the development of CRC treatment planning strategies. The advantages of this approach are highly expected to contribute to the prevention and reduction of CRC mortality.展开更多
With the continuous development of transportation electrification,the cybersecurity of energy infrastructure has become increasingly prominent.Explicitly,EVs resemble a significant tool to carryout cyberattacks since ...With the continuous development of transportation electrification,the cybersecurity of energy infrastructure has become increasingly prominent.Explicitly,EVs resemble a significant tool to carryout cyberattacks since EVs are not only seen as dynamic loads but also as mobile energy sources that establish two-way communications with several players in the grid.This taxonomy aims to provide a comprehensive overview of cyberattacks against EVs from four distinct perspectives.The first is the research domains of EVs application,which investigates the different fields of research related to the development and application of EVs and how they are susceptible to cyber threats.The second is the CIAbased attacks,which examines the threats to the confidentiality,integrity,and availability of EVs'sensitive information and critical systems.The third taxonomy discusses the countermeasures and defensive mechanisms to secure the EVs against cyberattacks,including preventive measures,detection algorithms,response strategy,and recovery techniques.The fourth taxonomy is the verification and validation methodologies,which explores the software tools and hardware testbeds used to test and evaluate the security of EVs against cyber threats.Finally,this taxonomy presents an understanding of the current state of cyberattacks against EVs and serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in the fields of cybersecurity and electric mobility.展开更多
Missing data presents a significant challenge in statistical analysis and machine learning, often resulting in biased outcomes and diminished efficiency. This comprehensive review investigates various imputation techn...Missing data presents a significant challenge in statistical analysis and machine learning, often resulting in biased outcomes and diminished efficiency. This comprehensive review investigates various imputation techniques, categorizing them into three primary approaches: deterministic methods, probabilistic models, and machine learning algorithms. Traditional techniques, including mean or mode imputation, regression imputation, and last observation carried forward, are evaluated alongside more contemporary methods such as multiple imputation, expectation-maximization, and deep learning strategies. The strengths and limitations of each approach are outlined. Key considerations for selecting appropriate methods, based on data characteristics and research objectives, are discussed. The importance of evaluating imputation’s impact on subsequent analyses is emphasized. This synthesis of recent advancements and best practices provides researchers with a robust framework for effectively handling missing data, thereby improving the reliability of empirical findings across diverse disciplines.展开更多
We applied an ex-situ casting procedure to prepare a nanocomposite(NCP)from Makrofol polycarbonate(PC)and CdSe nanoparticles.The CdSe nanoparticles were prepared by a thermolysis procedure in the presence of N_(2) gas...We applied an ex-situ casting procedure to prepare a nanocomposite(NCP)from Makrofol polycarbonate(PC)and CdSe nanoparticles.The CdSe nanoparticles were prepared by a thermolysis procedure in the presence of N_(2) gas flow.Rietveld refinement of x-ray data illustrated that the CdSe adopts a cubic zinc blend structure of 6.057 A lattice parameter and 2 nm typical grain size.Samples from the prepared NCP were exposed to γ dosages(20 kGy-250 kGy).The modifications induced in the NCP films owing to γ dosages have been studied.Theγirradiation(50 kGy-250 kGy)causes crosslinks that reduce the optical bandgap from 4.15 eV to 3.81 eV,associated with an increase in dielectric parameters and refractive index.This is attributed to an increase in the mass fraction of the disordered regions as specified by x-ray diffraction.The PC-CdSe NCP was found to have a reaction to color modification which makes it suitable for saleable reproduction on a printing press.展开更多
We present the ferroresonance overvoltage mitigation concerning the power systems of the grid-connectcd wind energy conversion systems(WECSs).WECS is considered based on a doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG).Ferrores...We present the ferroresonance overvoltage mitigation concerning the power systems of the grid-connectcd wind energy conversion systems(WECSs).WECS is considered based on a doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG).Ferroresonance overvoltage associated with a single-pole outage of the line breaker is mitigated by fast regulating the reactive power using the static compensator(STATCOM).STATCOM controller is introduced,in which t>\o incorporated proportional-integral(PI)controllers are optimally tuned using a modified flow-er pollination algorithm(MFPA)as an optimization technique.To show the capability of the proposed STATCOM controller in mitigating the ferroresonance overvoltage,two test cases are introduced,which are based on the interconnection status of the power transformer used with the grid-connected DFIGs.The results show that the ferroresonance disturbance can occur for the power transformers installed in the wind farms although the transformer terminals are interconnected,and neither side of the transformer is isolated.Furthermore,as a mitigation method of ferroresonance overvoltage,the proposed STATCOM controller succeeds in improving the system voltage profile and speed profile of the wind turbine as well as protecting the system components against the ferroresonance overvoltage.展开更多
This article examines the main variables that influence the intention to use Augmented Reality(AR)applications in the tourism sector in Jordan.The study model has been constructed based on the unified theory of accept...This article examines the main variables that influence the intention to use Augmented Reality(AR)applications in the tourism sector in Jordan.The study model has been constructed based on the unified theory of acceptance and the use of technology2(UTAUT2),by incorporating a new construct(aesthetics)to explore the usage intention of Mobile Augmented Reality in Tourism(MART).A questionnaire was used and distributed to a sample of 450 participants.Data were analyzed using the Smart PLS version 3.0.for testing 12 hypotheses.29 measurement items were carefully reviewed based on previous studies that were selected to assess the research hypotheses.The findings revealed that the proposed model elucidates 35.7%of the variance in the users’intention to use MART.The results also showed that both performance expectancy and aesthetics were found to be the most significant factors at level(0.001).Four variables,respectively,were at level(0.01)which consisted of social influence,facilitating conditions,hedonic motivation,and price value.The weakest effect was effort expectancy at level(0.05).As the use of AR has become important for tourists,this study establishes a research base that can be built upon for future researchers.MART developers can benefit from the results of this research to design and deliver this service successfully and to ensure that its adoption by users is achieved.展开更多
With the increase of energy consumption worldwide in several domains such as industry,education,and transportation,several technologies played an influential role in energy conservation such as the Internet of Things(I...With the increase of energy consumption worldwide in several domains such as industry,education,and transportation,several technologies played an influential role in energy conservation such as the Internet of Things(IoT).In this article,we describe the design and implementation of an IoT-based energy conser-vation smart classroom system that contributes to energy conservation in the edu-cation domain.The proposed system not only allows the user to access and control IoT devices(e.g.,lights,projectors,and air conditions)in real-time,it also has the capability to aggregate the estimated energy consumption of an IoT device,the smart classroom,and the building based on the energy consumption and cost model that we propose.Moreover,the proposed model aggregates the estimated energy cost according to the Saudi Electricity Company(SEC)rates.Furthermore,the model aggregates in real-time the estimated energy conservation percentage and estimated money-saving percentage compared to data collected when the system wasn't used.The feasibility and benefits of our system have been validated on a real-world scenario which is a classroom in the college of computer science and engineering,Taibah University,Yanbu branch.The results of the experimental studies are promising in energy conservation and cost-saving when using our proposed system.展开更多
A Fourier transform （FT） spectrum of praseodymium （Pr） extending from UV to IR was investigated. Hyperfine （hf） structures of unclassified lines with sufficiently high signal to noise ratio （SNR） were analyzed...A Fourier transform （FT） spectrum of praseodymium （Pr） extending from UV to IR was investigated. Hyperfine （hf） structures of unclassified lines with sufficiently high signal to noise ratio （SNR） were analyzed and some new levels were found. We present these new levels in this work. Some of the new levels have energies almost equal to the energies of already known or other new levels, distinguished either by different values of angular momentum J or by their parity.展开更多
This paper suggests a theoretical model for teaching syntactic relations to foreign students of English Linguistics using insights from Cognitive Grammar as developed in Langacker(e.g.1987,1991,1999) and elaborated on...This paper suggests a theoretical model for teaching syntactic relations to foreign students of English Linguistics using insights from Cognitive Grammar as developed in Langacker(e.g.1987,1991,1999) and elaborated on in Radden and Dirven(2007). The model deals with syntactic relations as participants in a prototypically structured network of events, radiating out from the experiential action chain schema(a skeletal concept of force dynamics involved in the interaction between entities)(see Langacker, 1999). This involves dealing with syntactic relations as meaning-making tools that collaborate with the verb in a regular manner manipulating the prototypical schema. The aim is to draw attention to the need to add a cognitive semiotic dimension to the teaching of sentence structure. Such a dimension exposes learners to the cognitive factors behind grammatical meaning making and may, therefore, result in a better understanding of language structure and use on the part of learners who can become English language teachers.展开更多
Ferdinand de Saussure's thoughts on language came to light in 1916 with the publication of Cours de linguistique générale by his students. A hundred years on, the infl uence of his thoughts on modern lin...Ferdinand de Saussure's thoughts on language came to light in 1916 with the publication of Cours de linguistique générale by his students. A hundred years on, the infl uence of his thoughts on modern linguistics is still being pinpointed. This paper reviews Saussure's influence on the cognitive approaches to meaning and grammar. The main objective is to demonstrate how Saussure planted the seeds of Cognitive Linguistics through his semiotic model of the "linguistic sign"(a sound-concept pairing) and how the influence of this model is growing in the era of Cognitive Linguistics. The study demonstrates that Saussure has had a greater impact on modern linguistics than pointed out in the literature, considering that his thought on language underlies cognitive linguistics theories which can be described as representing a return to the pre-Saussurean notion of the non-arbitrariness of the linguistic sign.展开更多
Software programs are always prone to change for several reasons. In a software product line, the change is more often as many software units are carried from one release to another. Also, other new files are added to...Software programs are always prone to change for several reasons. In a software product line, the change is more often as many software units are carried from one release to another. Also, other new files are added to the reused files. In this work, we explore the possibility of building a model that can predict files with a high chance of experiencing the change from one release to another. Knowing the files that are likely to face a change is vital because it will help to improve the planning, managing resources, and reducing the cost. This also helps to improve the software process, which should lead to better software quality. Also, we explore how different learners perform in this context, and if the learning improves as the software evolved. Predicting change from a release to the next release was successful using logistic regression, J48, and random forest with accuracy and precision scored between 72% to 100%, recall scored between 74% to 100%, and F-score scored between 80% to 100%. We also found that there was no clear evidence regarding if the prediction performance will ever improve as the project evolved.展开更多
This paper interrogates the pragmatic choice of the rhetorical question(RQ)as a linguistic resource in some disputational discourse in the verses of the English translated Qur’an.It argues that the choice of this sen...This paper interrogates the pragmatic choice of the rhetorical question(RQ)as a linguistic resource in some disputational discourse in the verses of the English translated Qur’an.It argues that the choice of this sentence-type not only puts the speaker in a position of control in powerful assertion of facts,but also strengthens the pragmatic acts in the context to be more emphatic.Adopting Mey’s(2001)Pragmatic Acts theory and Caponigro and Sprouse’s(2007)Concept of Common Ground,the paper does a close reading of the last forty Quranic chapters for a critical analysis and finds that RQ accounts for 15%(61)of the 410 verses in the seventeen(17)chapters that have RQs out of the last forty chapters investigated.We find that the Authorial Voice in the Qur’an employs the RQ as an argumentative strategy to perform the pragmatic acts of challenging,inviting,affirming,reminding,reinforcing,assuring,appealing,and warning in series of intellectual engagements with the addressees in order to put them in a reflective mode.It is concluded that the RQ is an effective,dialogic,evidence-gathering,change-seeking pragmatic tool for securing improved attitude and ideological understanding from the addressees.Addressees are sought after to be convinced by the Speaker in a dialogue,and then left alone to decide,which presents the Speaker as One that uses rational argument in the context of disputation to persuade humans in real dialogues so as to seek change.展开更多
文摘In this study, a hybrid machine learning (HML)-based approach, incorporating Genetic data analysis (GDA), is proposed to accurately identify the presence of adenomatous colorectal polyps (ACRP) which is a crucial early detector of colorectal cancer (CRC). The present study develops a classification ensemble model based on tuned hyperparameters. Surpassing accuracy percentages of early detection approaches used in previous studies, the current method exhibits exceptional performance in identifying ACRP and diagnosing CRC, overcoming limitations of CRC traditional methods that are based on error-prone manual examination. Particularly, the method demonstrates the following CRP identification accuracy data: 97.7 ± 1.1, precision: 94.3 ± 5, recall: 96.0 ± 3, F1-score: 95.7 ± 4, specificity: 97.3 ± 1.2, average AUC: 0.97.3 ± 0.02, and average p-value: 0.0425 ± 0.07. The findings underscore the potential of this method for early detection of ACRP as well as clinical use in the development of CRC treatment planning strategies. The advantages of this approach are highly expected to contribute to the prevention and reduction of CRC mortality.
基金supported by the Deanship of Postgraduate Studies and Scientific Research at Majmaah University under Project(Grant No R-2024-1183)。
文摘With the continuous development of transportation electrification,the cybersecurity of energy infrastructure has become increasingly prominent.Explicitly,EVs resemble a significant tool to carryout cyberattacks since EVs are not only seen as dynamic loads but also as mobile energy sources that establish two-way communications with several players in the grid.This taxonomy aims to provide a comprehensive overview of cyberattacks against EVs from four distinct perspectives.The first is the research domains of EVs application,which investigates the different fields of research related to the development and application of EVs and how they are susceptible to cyber threats.The second is the CIAbased attacks,which examines the threats to the confidentiality,integrity,and availability of EVs'sensitive information and critical systems.The third taxonomy discusses the countermeasures and defensive mechanisms to secure the EVs against cyberattacks,including preventive measures,detection algorithms,response strategy,and recovery techniques.The fourth taxonomy is the verification and validation methodologies,which explores the software tools and hardware testbeds used to test and evaluate the security of EVs against cyber threats.Finally,this taxonomy presents an understanding of the current state of cyberattacks against EVs and serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in the fields of cybersecurity and electric mobility.
文摘Missing data presents a significant challenge in statistical analysis and machine learning, often resulting in biased outcomes and diminished efficiency. This comprehensive review investigates various imputation techniques, categorizing them into three primary approaches: deterministic methods, probabilistic models, and machine learning algorithms. Traditional techniques, including mean or mode imputation, regression imputation, and last observation carried forward, are evaluated alongside more contemporary methods such as multiple imputation, expectation-maximization, and deep learning strategies. The strengths and limitations of each approach are outlined. Key considerations for selecting appropriate methods, based on data characteristics and research objectives, are discussed. The importance of evaluating imputation’s impact on subsequent analyses is emphasized. This synthesis of recent advancements and best practices provides researchers with a robust framework for effectively handling missing data, thereby improving the reliability of empirical findings across diverse disciplines.
基金Researchers Supporting Project Number(RSP-2021/328),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘We applied an ex-situ casting procedure to prepare a nanocomposite(NCP)from Makrofol polycarbonate(PC)and CdSe nanoparticles.The CdSe nanoparticles were prepared by a thermolysis procedure in the presence of N_(2) gas flow.Rietveld refinement of x-ray data illustrated that the CdSe adopts a cubic zinc blend structure of 6.057 A lattice parameter and 2 nm typical grain size.Samples from the prepared NCP were exposed to γ dosages(20 kGy-250 kGy).The modifications induced in the NCP films owing to γ dosages have been studied.Theγirradiation(50 kGy-250 kGy)causes crosslinks that reduce the optical bandgap from 4.15 eV to 3.81 eV,associated with an increase in dielectric parameters and refractive index.This is attributed to an increase in the mass fraction of the disordered regions as specified by x-ray diffraction.The PC-CdSe NCP was found to have a reaction to color modification which makes it suitable for saleable reproduction on a printing press.
文摘We present the ferroresonance overvoltage mitigation concerning the power systems of the grid-connectcd wind energy conversion systems(WECSs).WECS is considered based on a doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG).Ferroresonance overvoltage associated with a single-pole outage of the line breaker is mitigated by fast regulating the reactive power using the static compensator(STATCOM).STATCOM controller is introduced,in which t>\o incorporated proportional-integral(PI)controllers are optimally tuned using a modified flow-er pollination algorithm(MFPA)as an optimization technique.To show the capability of the proposed STATCOM controller in mitigating the ferroresonance overvoltage,two test cases are introduced,which are based on the interconnection status of the power transformer used with the grid-connected DFIGs.The results show that the ferroresonance disturbance can occur for the power transformers installed in the wind farms although the transformer terminals are interconnected,and neither side of the transformer is isolated.Furthermore,as a mitigation method of ferroresonance overvoltage,the proposed STATCOM controller succeeds in improving the system voltage profile and speed profile of the wind turbine as well as protecting the system components against the ferroresonance overvoltage.
文摘This article examines the main variables that influence the intention to use Augmented Reality(AR)applications in the tourism sector in Jordan.The study model has been constructed based on the unified theory of acceptance and the use of technology2(UTAUT2),by incorporating a new construct(aesthetics)to explore the usage intention of Mobile Augmented Reality in Tourism(MART).A questionnaire was used and distributed to a sample of 450 participants.Data were analyzed using the Smart PLS version 3.0.for testing 12 hypotheses.29 measurement items were carefully reviewed based on previous studies that were selected to assess the research hypotheses.The findings revealed that the proposed model elucidates 35.7%of the variance in the users’intention to use MART.The results also showed that both performance expectancy and aesthetics were found to be the most significant factors at level(0.001).Four variables,respectively,were at level(0.01)which consisted of social influence,facilitating conditions,hedonic motivation,and price value.The weakest effect was effort expectancy at level(0.05).As the use of AR has become important for tourists,this study establishes a research base that can be built upon for future researchers.MART developers can benefit from the results of this research to design and deliver this service successfully and to ensure that its adoption by users is achieved.
文摘With the increase of energy consumption worldwide in several domains such as industry,education,and transportation,several technologies played an influential role in energy conservation such as the Internet of Things(IoT).In this article,we describe the design and implementation of an IoT-based energy conser-vation smart classroom system that contributes to energy conservation in the edu-cation domain.The proposed system not only allows the user to access and control IoT devices(e.g.,lights,projectors,and air conditions)in real-time,it also has the capability to aggregate the estimated energy consumption of an IoT device,the smart classroom,and the building based on the energy consumption and cost model that we propose.Moreover,the proposed model aggregates the estimated energy cost according to the Saudi Electricity Company(SEC)rates.Furthermore,the model aggregates in real-time the estimated energy conservation percentage and estimated money-saving percentage compared to data collected when the system wasn't used.The feasibility and benefits of our system have been validated on a real-world scenario which is a classroom in the college of computer science and engineering,Taibah University,Yanbu branch.The results of the experimental studies are promising in energy conservation and cost-saving when using our proposed system.
文摘A Fourier transform （FT） spectrum of praseodymium （Pr） extending from UV to IR was investigated. Hyperfine （hf） structures of unclassified lines with sufficiently high signal to noise ratio （SNR） were analyzed and some new levels were found. We present these new levels in this work. Some of the new levels have energies almost equal to the energies of already known or other new levels, distinguished either by different values of angular momentum J or by their parity.
文摘This paper suggests a theoretical model for teaching syntactic relations to foreign students of English Linguistics using insights from Cognitive Grammar as developed in Langacker(e.g.1987,1991,1999) and elaborated on in Radden and Dirven(2007). The model deals with syntactic relations as participants in a prototypically structured network of events, radiating out from the experiential action chain schema(a skeletal concept of force dynamics involved in the interaction between entities)(see Langacker, 1999). This involves dealing with syntactic relations as meaning-making tools that collaborate with the verb in a regular manner manipulating the prototypical schema. The aim is to draw attention to the need to add a cognitive semiotic dimension to the teaching of sentence structure. Such a dimension exposes learners to the cognitive factors behind grammatical meaning making and may, therefore, result in a better understanding of language structure and use on the part of learners who can become English language teachers.
文摘Ferdinand de Saussure's thoughts on language came to light in 1916 with the publication of Cours de linguistique générale by his students. A hundred years on, the infl uence of his thoughts on modern linguistics is still being pinpointed. This paper reviews Saussure's influence on the cognitive approaches to meaning and grammar. The main objective is to demonstrate how Saussure planted the seeds of Cognitive Linguistics through his semiotic model of the "linguistic sign"(a sound-concept pairing) and how the influence of this model is growing in the era of Cognitive Linguistics. The study demonstrates that Saussure has had a greater impact on modern linguistics than pointed out in the literature, considering that his thought on language underlies cognitive linguistics theories which can be described as representing a return to the pre-Saussurean notion of the non-arbitrariness of the linguistic sign.
文摘Software programs are always prone to change for several reasons. In a software product line, the change is more often as many software units are carried from one release to another. Also, other new files are added to the reused files. In this work, we explore the possibility of building a model that can predict files with a high chance of experiencing the change from one release to another. Knowing the files that are likely to face a change is vital because it will help to improve the planning, managing resources, and reducing the cost. This also helps to improve the software process, which should lead to better software quality. Also, we explore how different learners perform in this context, and if the learning improves as the software evolved. Predicting change from a release to the next release was successful using logistic regression, J48, and random forest with accuracy and precision scored between 72% to 100%, recall scored between 74% to 100%, and F-score scored between 80% to 100%. We also found that there was no clear evidence regarding if the prediction performance will ever improve as the project evolved.
文摘This paper interrogates the pragmatic choice of the rhetorical question(RQ)as a linguistic resource in some disputational discourse in the verses of the English translated Qur’an.It argues that the choice of this sentence-type not only puts the speaker in a position of control in powerful assertion of facts,but also strengthens the pragmatic acts in the context to be more emphatic.Adopting Mey’s(2001)Pragmatic Acts theory and Caponigro and Sprouse’s(2007)Concept of Common Ground,the paper does a close reading of the last forty Quranic chapters for a critical analysis and finds that RQ accounts for 15%(61)of the 410 verses in the seventeen(17)chapters that have RQs out of the last forty chapters investigated.We find that the Authorial Voice in the Qur’an employs the RQ as an argumentative strategy to perform the pragmatic acts of challenging,inviting,affirming,reminding,reinforcing,assuring,appealing,and warning in series of intellectual engagements with the addressees in order to put them in a reflective mode.It is concluded that the RQ is an effective,dialogic,evidence-gathering,change-seeking pragmatic tool for securing improved attitude and ideological understanding from the addressees.Addressees are sought after to be convinced by the Speaker in a dialogue,and then left alone to decide,which presents the Speaker as One that uses rational argument in the context of disputation to persuade humans in real dialogues so as to seek change.
