Developing appropriate control measures for the Mahogany shoot borer, Hypsipyla robusta Moore has become increasingly important due to the severe damaging effect of the pest on the establishment of the saplings of Swi...Developing appropriate control measures for the Mahogany shoot borer, Hypsipyla robusta Moore has become increasingly important due to the severe damaging effect of the pest on the establishment of the saplings of Swietenia mahagoni Jacq （Sapindales： Meliaceae）. Existing management methods are largely limited to silvicultural practices and spraying of chemical insecticides. To identify a potential fungal biocontrol agent, we compared the virulence of six native and two standard ARSEF isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae Metsch. against this pest. The average survival time and conidial yield of IWST-Ma7 was higher （6.2 to 7.3 days and 4.9 to 4.7 x 105 conidia/ml） than the standards. Sig- nificant difference in sporulation on the cadavers between isolates, doses and incubation periods were substantiated for the selection of potential strain. The mycotoxic effects of crude soluble protein extract when in- corporated in the artificial diet, the ARSEF 2596 and ARSEF 3603 showed LDs0 value of 3.7% and 5.6%. However, IWST-Ma7 was highly lethal with significant lowest LDs0 value of 2.6%. The enzyme activity of IWST-Ma7 was highest for chitinase, CDA, protease and lipase viz., 1.90 U/mg, 1.80 U/mg, 0.98 U/mg and 0.80 U/mg respectively. However the enzyme activity of chitinase and Chitin deacetylase assay for all the isolates was significantly higher than protease and lipase activity. The ITS regions （5.8S rDNA and 28S rDNA） of seven isolates of M. anisopliae were amplified using the ITS1 and ITS4 primers which was a unique fragment of approximately 550 bp. Based on ITS regions, phy- logenetic tree have been constructed and the isolates have been grouped in to 5 clades. The virulence and mycotoxic effects of different isolates could rationally be used to employ them for the management of the mahogany borer.展开更多
A study was conducted to investigate the population dynamics of four important coccids viz.,Aonidiella orientalis（Newstead）,Ceroplastes actiniformis Green,Cardiococcus bivalvata（Green） and Parasaissetia nigra（Nie...A study was conducted to investigate the population dynamics of four important coccids viz.,Aonidiella orientalis（Newstead）,Ceroplastes actiniformis Green,Cardiococcus bivalvata（Green） and Parasaissetia nigra（Nietner） infesting sandal in Bangalore,India.Meteorological data viz.,monthly mean maximum and minimum temperatures,morning and evening relative humidity and total rainfall were also collected during the experimental period for statistical analysis to ascertain their influence on the population of coccids.The results show that all the four coccids are infesting sandal throughout the year.Maximum temperature exhibited significantly negative correlation with the population dynamics of A.orientalis,while other weather parameters did not show much influence on its incidence.In case of C.bivalvata,minimum temperature and morning relative humidity exhibited significant positive correlation with its population dynamics while other weather parameters had less significant effect on its population dynamics.For C.actiniformis and P.nigra,none of the weather factors seem to have influence on their incidences.展开更多
文摘Developing appropriate control measures for the Mahogany shoot borer, Hypsipyla robusta Moore has become increasingly important due to the severe damaging effect of the pest on the establishment of the saplings of Swietenia mahagoni Jacq （Sapindales： Meliaceae）. Existing management methods are largely limited to silvicultural practices and spraying of chemical insecticides. To identify a potential fungal biocontrol agent, we compared the virulence of six native and two standard ARSEF isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae Metsch. against this pest. The average survival time and conidial yield of IWST-Ma7 was higher （6.2 to 7.3 days and 4.9 to 4.7 x 105 conidia/ml） than the standards. Sig- nificant difference in sporulation on the cadavers between isolates, doses and incubation periods were substantiated for the selection of potential strain. The mycotoxic effects of crude soluble protein extract when in- corporated in the artificial diet, the ARSEF 2596 and ARSEF 3603 showed LDs0 value of 3.7% and 5.6%. However, IWST-Ma7 was highly lethal with significant lowest LDs0 value of 2.6%. The enzyme activity of IWST-Ma7 was highest for chitinase, CDA, protease and lipase viz., 1.90 U/mg, 1.80 U/mg, 0.98 U/mg and 0.80 U/mg respectively. However the enzyme activity of chitinase and Chitin deacetylase assay for all the isolates was significantly higher than protease and lipase activity. The ITS regions （5.8S rDNA and 28S rDNA） of seven isolates of M. anisopliae were amplified using the ITS1 and ITS4 primers which was a unique fragment of approximately 550 bp. Based on ITS regions, phy- logenetic tree have been constructed and the isolates have been grouped in to 5 clades. The virulence and mycotoxic effects of different isolates could rationally be used to employ them for the management of the mahogany borer.
基金supported by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India (No. 14/71/2002-ERS/RE)
文摘A study was conducted to investigate the population dynamics of four important coccids viz.,Aonidiella orientalis（Newstead）,Ceroplastes actiniformis Green,Cardiococcus bivalvata（Green） and Parasaissetia nigra（Nietner） infesting sandal in Bangalore,India.Meteorological data viz.,monthly mean maximum and minimum temperatures,morning and evening relative humidity and total rainfall were also collected during the experimental period for statistical analysis to ascertain their influence on the population of coccids.The results show that all the four coccids are infesting sandal throughout the year.Maximum temperature exhibited significantly negative correlation with the population dynamics of A.orientalis,while other weather parameters did not show much influence on its incidence.In case of C.bivalvata,minimum temperature and morning relative humidity exhibited significant positive correlation with its population dynamics while other weather parameters had less significant effect on its population dynamics.For C.actiniformis and P.nigra,none of the weather factors seem to have influence on their incidences.
