This paper provides a framework for assessing the health of China＇s macro economy and the sustainability of economic growth by combining supply-side and demand-side factors and by considering their relationship at di...This paper provides a framework for assessing the health of China＇s macro economy and the sustainability of economic growth by combining supply-side and demand-side factors and by considering their relationship at different stages of development. As the Chinese economy passed through its Lewis turning point, weakened supply-side factors caused its growth to slow. The increasing concern regarding the economic slowdown has induced both the central and local governments to implement various stimulus plans through instruments of macroeconomic, industrial and regional policies. By examining where the imbalances of the Chinese economy really lie and investigating the determinants of the current slowdown and of the enhancement of the potential growth rate, the present paper suggests that the best path of action for the Chinese Government is not to stimulate growth through demand-side factors but to increase the potential growth rate through reforms in certain key areas.展开更多
The past decade has seen remarkable progress made in the field of environmental information disclosure in China. While the overall institutional changes and the motivation/willingness of the government to open up info...The past decade has seen remarkable progress made in the field of environmental information disclosure in China. While the overall institutional changes and the motivation/willingness of the government to open up information are important conditions, China＇s encounter with revolutionary Information and Communication Technological （ICT） advancement and rapidly emerging big data quickly changed China from an ＂information poor environment＂ to an ＂information complex environment.＂ While most previous studies centered on those drives/constraints that were recognized in established informational governance framework, recent advancement in ICTs and emerging big data posed new challenges, opportunities and research questions. When increasing information disclosure became a new game changer in environmental governance, China has had to cope with risks and pitfalls in a new technology-empowered information environment as well. This article updated previous studies on legislation/ regulations/policies regarding environmental information disclosure in China and their implementation effectiveness, and paid special attention to China＇s recent informatization progress and emerging big data. Information disclosure was treated as a process that includes data/information generation/collection, disclosure, functional pathways of communication, and direct/indirect impacts. Changes in environmental information disclosure should be understood in a broader context of overall changing environmental governance and informatization in China. It is important to understand ICTs and information disclosure as a double-edged sword. Normative, substantive, and instrumental benefits of disclosure as well as collection and reporting costs, the issue of targeted transparency, and the risk of unintended use should be strategically considered. Principles and guidelines need to be developed to avoid pitfalls while maximizing benefits.展开更多
On June 23,2022,the 14th BRICS Summit reached new consensuses,and the leaders of the five BRICS countries unanimously agreed on BRICS expansion in line with the“BRICS Plus”cooperation,and discussed perti...On June 23,2022,the 14th BRICS Summit reached new consensuses,and the leaders of the five BRICS countries unanimously agreed on BRICS expansion in line with the“BRICS Plus”cooperation,and discussed pertinent criteria and procedures.展开更多
Honorable Secretary-General Mr. Fumiaki Kitagawa, Distinguished Mr. President, Distinguished experts, scholars and friends,First of all, on behalf of the Chinese Association for International Understanding （CAFIU）, ...Honorable Secretary-General Mr. Fumiaki Kitagawa, Distinguished Mr. President, Distinguished experts, scholars and friends,First of all, on behalf of the Chinese Association for International Understanding （CAFIU）, I would like to extend my warm congratulations on the Seminar and my sincere gratitude to the Kazankai Foundation for their thoughtful arrangements and cordial reception for us.展开更多
At the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China （CPC）, the Decision of the Central Committee of the CPC on Some Major Issues concerning Deepening the Rule of Law 2014 was ...At the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China （CPC）, the Decision of the Central Committee of the CPC on Some Major Issues concerning Deepening the Rule of Law 2014 was passed and delineated the direction for the research of our nation＇s construction of a government under the rule of law. For years, the government at various levels and administrative agencies adhered to conducting work on the legal course under the CPC＇s leadership, actively promoting administration according to law, and constructing a government under the rule of law, and have made enormous achievements. However, there many difficulties still co-exist, along with challenges and opportunities. By adopting theoretical and empirical research approaches such as data analysis, normative analysis, interviews and investigations, questionnaires, counter-measure research, and case studies, this article discusses and conducted systematic and in-depth research on the theoretical framework of the construction of a government under the rule of law from macroscopic, to microscopic aspects. This article outlined the basic contexts and realistic vision for China＇s construction of a government under the rule of law, which can provide active implementation of the project of construction of government under the rule of law with a basis in theoretical referenee.展开更多
We report comparatively on fabrication of two-section ridge-waveguide tapered 3 quantum well (QW) InGaAsP/InP (1300 nm) and 5 QW AlGaInAs/InP (1550 nm) diode lasers. Gas mixtures of CCl2F2/O2 and H2/CH4 were used to f...We report comparatively on fabrication of two-section ridge-waveguide tapered 3 quantum well (QW) InGaAsP/InP (1300 nm) and 5 QW AlGaInAs/InP (1550 nm) diode lasers. Gas mixtures of CCl2F2/O2 and H2/CH4 were used to form ridge-waveguide on the lasers with InP-based material structures. As known, chlorine- and hydro-carbon based gases are used to fabricate ridge-waveguide structures. Here, we show the difference between the structures obtained by using the both gas mixtures in which surface and sidewall structures as well as performance of the lasers were analysed using scanning electron microscopy. It is demonstrated that gas mixtures of CCl2F2/O2 highly deteriorated the etched structures although different flow rates, rf powers and base pressures were tried. We also show that the structures etched with H2/CH4 gas mixtures produced much better results that led to the successful fabrication of two-section devices with ridge-waveguide. The lasers fabricated using H2/CH4 were characterized using output power-current (P-I) and spectral results.展开更多
Just at the turn of the century,mankind is experiencing a historical changein world economy,of which the following points are worthy of our close at-tention: 1.The momentum of the present vigorous economic growth in d...Just at the turn of the century,mankind is experiencing a historical changein world economy,of which the following points are worthy of our close at-tention: 1.The momentum of the present vigorous economic growth in developingcountries will continue to persist and make its impact upon the whole world,which will fundamentally transform the existing world economic pattern.展开更多
I. Basic situation of international security at the current stage In recent years, the international security situation has always been in a state of general stability despite turmoil in certain areas. Against the bac...I. Basic situation of international security at the current stage In recent years, the international security situation has always been in a state of general stability despite turmoil in certain areas. Against the backdrop of the change of international pattern and economic globalization, most countries are striving for peace, development and cooperation and are promoting the building of a展开更多
The 30 years of reform and opening up in China have given birth to fast economic development, the ever-changing look of the society and great changes in the modernization drive that have attracted the attention of the...The 30 years of reform and opening up in China have given birth to fast economic development, the ever-changing look of the society and great changes in the modernization drive that have attracted the attention of the entire world. At the same time,展开更多
As early as in the beginning of the 1980's,the Chinese Association for International Understanding (CAFIU) started exchanges with the Friendrich Ebert Stiftung (FES). Since FES set up its Beijing office in 1987,fr...As early as in the beginning of the 1980's,the Chinese Association for International Understanding (CAFIU) started exchanges with the Friendrich Ebert Stiftung (FES). Since FES set up its Beijing office in 1987,fruitful cooperation has been conducted between FES and CAFIU,and other relevant parties of the Chinese side. Over the years,FES has made positive efforts and great contributions for deepening and developing understanding and friendship between the Chinese people and the German people,and for promoting the relations between the two countries and two parties,which we highly appreciate.展开更多
This article tries to probe the dispute or polemic that runs through the entire history of humanity, i.e., which is the primary factor, individual liberty or social interest？ Observation of the generative causes of t...This article tries to probe the dispute or polemic that runs through the entire history of humanity, i.e., which is the primary factor, individual liberty or social interest？ Observation of the generative causes of the major viewpoints of Liberalism and Communitarianism leads to this conclusion： in addition to the root cause of the interests of the social strata, there rather exists a difference in epistemology.展开更多
President-elect Barack Obama once said that to the United States,China is neither an enemy nor a friend,it is a competitor. I think after Obama takes office as the president,the new American administration will deepen...President-elect Barack Obama once said that to the United States,China is neither an enemy nor a friend,it is a competitor. I think after Obama takes office as the president,the new American administration will deepen and elevate展开更多
As China will change from a large industrial power into a strong industrial power in the 21stcentury, theinevitabledemand isfor industrialmodernization. Thispaperputs forward three criteria for judging the degree of r...As China will change from a large industrial power into a strong industrial power in the 21stcentury, theinevitabledemand isfor industrialmodernization. Thispaperputs forward three criteria for judging the degree of realization of industrialmodernization: industrial growth efficiency, industrial structure and industrial environment. Together with these, it constructsan indicatorsystem and indicesforevaluating thelevelofindustrialmodernization, and uses this indicator system to evaluate the level of China’s industrial modernization at theturn ofthecentury. TheresultingcomprehensiveindexofChina’sindustrialmodernization is28.72. This indicatesthat, through the rapid industrialization which hastaken place over more than 20 years of reform and opening up, China has commenced its industrial modernization, which is now in the primarystage of development. Thecore of thestrategy forfurther development should be to accelerate the process of industrial modernization.展开更多
Asia is an area filled with vigor and vitality and also conflicts, an area that ＂takes pride in its rich cultures, religions and diversity.＂More and more statesmen and scholars are watching closely the human rights ...Asia is an area filled with vigor and vitality and also conflicts, an area that ＂takes pride in its rich cultures, religions and diversity.＂More and more statesmen and scholars are watching closely the human rights conditions in the changing Asia. Asia is no longer a concept in its economic, cultural and geographical sense. It has become a regional community that has had an important impact on the human rights development in the world. In the 21 st century filled with challenges and hopes, people want to see not only an economically prosperous Asia but also an Asia community with increasing humanistic spirit and pursuit for constitutionalist values.展开更多
文摘This paper provides a framework for assessing the health of China＇s macro economy and the sustainability of economic growth by combining supply-side and demand-side factors and by considering their relationship at different stages of development. As the Chinese economy passed through its Lewis turning point, weakened supply-side factors caused its growth to slow. The increasing concern regarding the economic slowdown has induced both the central and local governments to implement various stimulus plans through instruments of macroeconomic, industrial and regional policies. By examining where the imbalances of the Chinese economy really lie and investigating the determinants of the current slowdown and of the enhancement of the potential growth rate, the present paper suggests that the best path of action for the Chinese Government is not to stimulate growth through demand-side factors but to increase the potential growth rate through reforms in certain key areas.
文摘The past decade has seen remarkable progress made in the field of environmental information disclosure in China. While the overall institutional changes and the motivation/willingness of the government to open up information are important conditions, China＇s encounter with revolutionary Information and Communication Technological （ICT） advancement and rapidly emerging big data quickly changed China from an ＂information poor environment＂ to an ＂information complex environment.＂ While most previous studies centered on those drives/constraints that were recognized in established informational governance framework, recent advancement in ICTs and emerging big data posed new challenges, opportunities and research questions. When increasing information disclosure became a new game changer in environmental governance, China has had to cope with risks and pitfalls in a new technology-empowered information environment as well. This article updated previous studies on legislation/ regulations/policies regarding environmental information disclosure in China and their implementation effectiveness, and paid special attention to China＇s recent informatization progress and emerging big data. Information disclosure was treated as a process that includes data/information generation/collection, disclosure, functional pathways of communication, and direct/indirect impacts. Changes in environmental information disclosure should be understood in a broader context of overall changing environmental governance and informatization in China. It is important to understand ICTs and information disclosure as a double-edged sword. Normative, substantive, and instrumental benefits of disclosure as well as collection and reporting costs, the issue of targeted transparency, and the risk of unintended use should be strategically considered. Principles and guidelines need to be developed to avoid pitfalls while maximizing benefits.
文摘On June 23,2022,the 14th BRICS Summit reached new consensuses,and the leaders of the five BRICS countries unanimously agreed on BRICS expansion in line with the“BRICS Plus”cooperation,and discussed pertinent criteria and procedures.
文摘Honorable Secretary-General Mr. Fumiaki Kitagawa, Distinguished Mr. President, Distinguished experts, scholars and friends,First of all, on behalf of the Chinese Association for International Understanding （CAFIU）, I would like to extend my warm congratulations on the Seminar and my sincere gratitude to the Kazankai Foundation for their thoughtful arrangements and cordial reception for us.
文摘At the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China （CPC）, the Decision of the Central Committee of the CPC on Some Major Issues concerning Deepening the Rule of Law 2014 was passed and delineated the direction for the research of our nation＇s construction of a government under the rule of law. For years, the government at various levels and administrative agencies adhered to conducting work on the legal course under the CPC＇s leadership, actively promoting administration according to law, and constructing a government under the rule of law, and have made enormous achievements. However, there many difficulties still co-exist, along with challenges and opportunities. By adopting theoretical and empirical research approaches such as data analysis, normative analysis, interviews and investigations, questionnaires, counter-measure research, and case studies, this article discusses and conducted systematic and in-depth research on the theoretical framework of the construction of a government under the rule of law from macroscopic, to microscopic aspects. This article outlined the basic contexts and realistic vision for China＇s construction of a government under the rule of law, which can provide active implementation of the project of construction of government under the rule of law with a basis in theoretical referenee.
基金the financial support of TUB-ITAK via Project 107E163.
文摘We report comparatively on fabrication of two-section ridge-waveguide tapered 3 quantum well (QW) InGaAsP/InP (1300 nm) and 5 QW AlGaInAs/InP (1550 nm) diode lasers. Gas mixtures of CCl2F2/O2 and H2/CH4 were used to form ridge-waveguide on the lasers with InP-based material structures. As known, chlorine- and hydro-carbon based gases are used to fabricate ridge-waveguide structures. Here, we show the difference between the structures obtained by using the both gas mixtures in which surface and sidewall structures as well as performance of the lasers were analysed using scanning electron microscopy. It is demonstrated that gas mixtures of CCl2F2/O2 highly deteriorated the etched structures although different flow rates, rf powers and base pressures were tried. We also show that the structures etched with H2/CH4 gas mixtures produced much better results that led to the successful fabrication of two-section devices with ridge-waveguide. The lasers fabricated using H2/CH4 were characterized using output power-current (P-I) and spectral results.
文摘Just at the turn of the century,mankind is experiencing a historical changein world economy,of which the following points are worthy of our close at-tention: 1.The momentum of the present vigorous economic growth in developingcountries will continue to persist and make its impact upon the whole world,which will fundamentally transform the existing world economic pattern.
文摘I. Basic situation of international security at the current stage In recent years, the international security situation has always been in a state of general stability despite turmoil in certain areas. Against the backdrop of the change of international pattern and economic globalization, most countries are striving for peace, development and cooperation and are promoting the building of a
文摘The 30 years of reform and opening up in China have given birth to fast economic development, the ever-changing look of the society and great changes in the modernization drive that have attracted the attention of the entire world. At the same time,
文摘As early as in the beginning of the 1980's,the Chinese Association for International Understanding (CAFIU) started exchanges with the Friendrich Ebert Stiftung (FES). Since FES set up its Beijing office in 1987,fruitful cooperation has been conducted between FES and CAFIU,and other relevant parties of the Chinese side. Over the years,FES has made positive efforts and great contributions for deepening and developing understanding and friendship between the Chinese people and the German people,and for promoting the relations between the two countries and two parties,which we highly appreciate.
文摘This article tries to probe the dispute or polemic that runs through the entire history of humanity, i.e., which is the primary factor, individual liberty or social interest？ Observation of the generative causes of the major viewpoints of Liberalism and Communitarianism leads to this conclusion： in addition to the root cause of the interests of the social strata, there rather exists a difference in epistemology.
文摘President-elect Barack Obama once said that to the United States,China is neither an enemy nor a friend,it is a competitor. I think after Obama takes office as the president,the new American administration will deepen and elevate
基金The paper is based on the word under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences major research projict "Strdy of the Interaction of Industrialization , Industrialization and Industrial Modernization"
文摘As China will change from a large industrial power into a strong industrial power in the 21stcentury, theinevitabledemand isfor industrialmodernization. Thispaperputs forward three criteria for judging the degree of realization of industrialmodernization: industrial growth efficiency, industrial structure and industrial environment. Together with these, it constructsan indicatorsystem and indicesforevaluating thelevelofindustrialmodernization, and uses this indicator system to evaluate the level of China’s industrial modernization at theturn ofthecentury. TheresultingcomprehensiveindexofChina’sindustrialmodernization is28.72. This indicatesthat, through the rapid industrialization which hastaken place over more than 20 years of reform and opening up, China has commenced its industrial modernization, which is now in the primarystage of development. Thecore of thestrategy forfurther development should be to accelerate the process of industrial modernization.
文摘Asia is an area filled with vigor and vitality and also conflicts, an area that ＂takes pride in its rich cultures, religions and diversity.＂More and more statesmen and scholars are watching closely the human rights conditions in the changing Asia. Asia is no longer a concept in its economic, cultural and geographical sense. It has become a regional community that has had an important impact on the human rights development in the world. In the 21 st century filled with challenges and hopes, people want to see not only an economically prosperous Asia but also an Asia community with increasing humanistic spirit and pursuit for constitutionalist values.
