Background Tissue-engineering techniques combined with gene therapy have beenrecently reported to improve osteogenesis. In this study, tissue-engineered bone constructed byhuman Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 (hBMP-4) g...Background Tissue-engineering techniques combined with gene therapy have beenrecently reported to improve osteogenesis. In this study, tissue-engineered bone constructed byhuman Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 (hBMP-4) gene-modified bone marrow stromal cells (bMSCs) wasexplored in an ectopic bone formation model in rabbits. Methods A pEGFP-hBMP-4 mammalian plasmid (EGFP: Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein) was constructed by subcloning techniques. bMSCs obtainedfrom rabbits were cultured and transfected with either pEGFP-hBMP-4, pEGFP or left uninfected invitro. Transfer efficiency was detected through the expression of EGFP. Transcription of the targetgene was detected by RT-PCR. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Von Kossa tests were also conducted toexplore the phenotypes of osteoblasts. The autologous bMSCs of the 3 groups were then combined withNatural Non-organic Bone ( NNB) , a porous hydroxyapatite implant with a dimension of 6 mm x 6 mm x3 mm, at a concentration of 5 x 10~7 cells/ml. They were subsequently implanted into 6 rabbitssubcutaneously using NNB alone as a blank control (6 implants per group). Four weeks after surgery,the implants were evaluated with histological staining and computerized analysis of new boneformation. Results pEGFP-hBMP-4 expression plasmid was constructed. Under optimal conditions, genetransfer efficiency reached more than 30% , Target gene transfer could strengthen the transcriptionof BMP-4, and increase the expression of ALP as well as the number of calcium nodules. In theectopic animal model, NNB alone could not induce new bone formation. The new bone area formed in thebMSCs group was (17.2 ± 7.1)%, and pEGFP group was (14.7 ± 6.1) % , while pEGFP-hBMP-4 group was(29.5 ± 8.2) % , which was the highest among the groups (F = 7.295, P < 0. 01). Conclusions Themammalian hBMP-4 expression plasmid was successfully constructed and a comparatively high transferefficiency was achieved. The gene transfer technique enhanced the expression of BMP-4 and promoteddifferentiation from bMSCs to展开更多
This paper considers an anisotropic swarm model with a class of attraction and repulsion functions. It is shown that the members of the swarm will aggregate and eventually form a cohesive cluster of finite size around...This paper considers an anisotropic swarm model with a class of attraction and repulsion functions. It is shown that the members of the swarm will aggregate and eventually form a cohesive cluster of finite size around the swarm center. Moreover, It is also proved that under certain conditions, the swarm system can be completely stable, i.e., every solution converges to the equilibrium points of the system. The model and results of this paper extend a recent work on isotropic swarms to more general cases and provide further insight into the effect of the interaction pattern on self-organized motion in a swarm system. Keywords Biological systems - Multiagent systems - Pattern formation - Stability - Swarms This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60274001 and No. 10372002) and the National Key Basic Research and Development Program (No.2002CB312200).展开更多
Land degradation is one of the severe environmental problems in China. In order to combat land degradation, a soil conservation program was introduced since 2000 to reduce soil erosion by converting slope-cultivated l...Land degradation is one of the severe environmental problems in China. In order to combat land degradation, a soil conservation program was introduced since 2000 to reduce soil erosion by converting slope-cultivated land into forestry and pasture. This paper represents the first systematic attempt to investigate the impact of the soil conservation program on land degradation in the loess plateau. The results indicate that the soil conservation program to convert slope fields into forest or pasture is an effective way to combat soil erosion. However, a subsidy that is higher than profit of land use activity of slope fields before their conversion into forest and pasture is needed to encourage farmers to join the conservation program. A policy measure to encourage and assist farmers to develop sedentary livestock by using crops produced from fields as well as fodder and forage grass from the converted slope fields might contribute to combat soil erosion. Increase in off-farm job opportunities may encourage households to reduce cultivation in slope fields. That implies a policy measure to encourage rural urbanization might contribute to combat soil erosion.展开更多
The high temperature corrosion resistance of Ni-25.9Cr-13.5Al-1.2Y-0.6Si and Ni-10.2Co-12.4Cr16.0Al-0.5Y-0.2Hf alloys was assessed in sulfidation/oxidation envi-ronments. In the environment with a sulfur partial press...The high temperature corrosion resistance of Ni-25.9Cr-13.5Al-1.2Y-0.6Si and Ni-10.2Co-12.4Cr16.0Al-0.5Y-0.2Hf alloys was assessed in sulfidation/oxidation envi-ronments. In the environment with a sulfur partial pressure of 1Pa. and an oxygenpartial pressure of 10^(-19)Pa, both these alloys exhibited three distinct stages in theweight gain-time curve when tested at 700℃. In the initial stage, selective sulfidationof Cr suppressed the formation of the other metal sulfides, resulting in lower weightgains. In the transient stage, breakdown and cracking of Cr sulfides and insufficientconcentration of Cr at the outer zone led to the rapid formation of Ni sulfides anda rapid increase in weight. In the steady-state stage, corrosion was controlled by thediffusion of anions and/or cations, which led to a parabolic rate law.展开更多
Let S^(d-1) = {x : |x| = 1} be a unit sphere of the d-dimensional Euclideanspace R^d and let H^p = H^p(S^(d-1)) (0 < p ≤ 1) denote the real Hardy space on S^(d-1). For 0 < p≤ 1 and f ∈ H^p(S^(d-1)), let E_j (...Let S^(d-1) = {x : |x| = 1} be a unit sphere of the d-dimensional Euclideanspace R^d and let H^p = H^p(S^(d-1)) (0 < p ≤ 1) denote the real Hardy space on S^(d-1). For 0 < p≤ 1 and f ∈ H^p(S^(d-1)), let E_j (f, H^p) (j =0,1,...) be the best approximation of f byspherical polynomials of degree less than or equal to j, in the space H^p(S^(d-1)). Given adistribution f on S^(d-1), its Cesaro mean of order δ > -1 is denoted by σ_k~δ(f). For 0 < p ≤1, it is known that δ(p) := (d-1)/p - d/2 is the critical index for the uniform summability ofσ_k~δ(f) in the metric H^p.展开更多
A derivative patch interpolating recovery technique is analyzed for the finite element approximation to the second order elliptic boundary value problems in two dimensional case.It is shown that the convergence rate o...A derivative patch interpolating recovery technique is analyzed for the finite element approximation to the second order elliptic boundary value problems in two dimensional case.It is shown that the convergence rate of the recovered gradient admits superc onvergence on the recovered subdomain, and is two order higher than the optimal global convergence rate (ultracovergence) at an internal node point when even order finite element spaces and local uniform meshes are used.展开更多
A universal in tailing wave-train generation of forced soliton generationover topography is found theoretically as the flows are at the resonant points and it is examinedwith the numerical calculation of the correspon...A universal in tailing wave-train generation of forced soliton generationover topography is found theoretically as the flows are at the resonant points and it is examinedwith the numerical calculation of the corresponding fKdV e-quatioa From the comparisons, it is shownthat theoretical and numerical results on the invariance is in good agreement and the theory givenin this paper does not include the modulus truncation, any free constant and unknown function.展开更多
The reconstruction and subsequent particle identification is a challenge in a complex and a high luminosity environment such as those expected in the ATLAS detector at the LHC.The ATLAS software has chosen the object ...The reconstruction and subsequent particle identification is a challenge in a complex and a high luminosity environment such as those expected in the ATLAS detector at the LHC.The ATLAS software has chosen the object oriented paradigm and has recently migrated much of its software components developed earlier using procedural programming languages.The new software,which emphasizes on the separation between algorthms and data objects,has been successfully integrated in the broader ATLAS framework.We will present a status report of the reconstruction software summarizing the experiences gained in the migration of several software components.We will examine some of the components of the calorimeter software design,which include simulation of real-time detector effects and online environment,and strategies deployed for identification of particles.展开更多
文摘Background Tissue-engineering techniques combined with gene therapy have beenrecently reported to improve osteogenesis. In this study, tissue-engineered bone constructed byhuman Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 (hBMP-4) gene-modified bone marrow stromal cells (bMSCs) wasexplored in an ectopic bone formation model in rabbits. Methods A pEGFP-hBMP-4 mammalian plasmid (EGFP: Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein) was constructed by subcloning techniques. bMSCs obtainedfrom rabbits were cultured and transfected with either pEGFP-hBMP-4, pEGFP or left uninfected invitro. Transfer efficiency was detected through the expression of EGFP. Transcription of the targetgene was detected by RT-PCR. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Von Kossa tests were also conducted toexplore the phenotypes of osteoblasts. The autologous bMSCs of the 3 groups were then combined withNatural Non-organic Bone ( NNB) , a porous hydroxyapatite implant with a dimension of 6 mm x 6 mm x3 mm, at a concentration of 5 x 10~7 cells/ml. They were subsequently implanted into 6 rabbitssubcutaneously using NNB alone as a blank control (6 implants per group). Four weeks after surgery,the implants were evaluated with histological staining and computerized analysis of new boneformation. Results pEGFP-hBMP-4 expression plasmid was constructed. Under optimal conditions, genetransfer efficiency reached more than 30% , Target gene transfer could strengthen the transcriptionof BMP-4, and increase the expression of ALP as well as the number of calcium nodules. In theectopic animal model, NNB alone could not induce new bone formation. The new bone area formed in thebMSCs group was (17.2 ± 7.1)%, and pEGFP group was (14.7 ± 6.1) % , while pEGFP-hBMP-4 group was(29.5 ± 8.2) % , which was the highest among the groups (F = 7.295, P < 0. 01). Conclusions Themammalian hBMP-4 expression plasmid was successfully constructed and a comparatively high transferefficiency was achieved. The gene transfer technique enhanced the expression of BMP-4 and promoteddifferentiation from bMSCs to
文摘This paper considers an anisotropic swarm model with a class of attraction and repulsion functions. It is shown that the members of the swarm will aggregate and eventually form a cohesive cluster of finite size around the swarm center. Moreover, It is also proved that under certain conditions, the swarm system can be completely stable, i.e., every solution converges to the equilibrium points of the system. The model and results of this paper extend a recent work on isotropic swarms to more general cases and provide further insight into the effect of the interaction pattern on self-organized motion in a swarm system. Keywords Biological systems - Multiagent systems - Pattern formation - Stability - Swarms This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60274001 and No. 10372002) and the National Key Basic Research and Development Program (No.2002CB312200).
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40272010)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KZCX3-SW-127)the Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada
文摘Land degradation is one of the severe environmental problems in China. In order to combat land degradation, a soil conservation program was introduced since 2000 to reduce soil erosion by converting slope-cultivated land into forestry and pasture. This paper represents the first systematic attempt to investigate the impact of the soil conservation program on land degradation in the loess plateau. The results indicate that the soil conservation program to convert slope fields into forest or pasture is an effective way to combat soil erosion. However, a subsidy that is higher than profit of land use activity of slope fields before their conversion into forest and pasture is needed to encourage farmers to join the conservation program. A policy measure to encourage and assist farmers to develop sedentary livestock by using crops produced from fields as well as fodder and forage grass from the converted slope fields might contribute to combat soil erosion. Increase in off-farm job opportunities may encourage households to reduce cultivation in slope fields. That implies a policy measure to encourage rural urbanization might contribute to combat soil erosion.
文摘The high temperature corrosion resistance of Ni-25.9Cr-13.5Al-1.2Y-0.6Si and Ni-10.2Co-12.4Cr16.0Al-0.5Y-0.2Hf alloys was assessed in sulfidation/oxidation envi-ronments. In the environment with a sulfur partial pressure of 1Pa. and an oxygenpartial pressure of 10^(-19)Pa, both these alloys exhibited three distinct stages in theweight gain-time curve when tested at 700℃. In the initial stage, selective sulfidationof Cr suppressed the formation of the other metal sulfides, resulting in lower weightgains. In the transient stage, breakdown and cracking of Cr sulfides and insufficientconcentration of Cr at the outer zone led to the rapid formation of Ni sulfides anda rapid increase in weight. In the steady-state stage, corrosion was controlled by thediffusion of anions and/or cations, which led to a parabolic rate law.
基金The authors are partially supported by NNSF of China under the grant#10071007
文摘Let S^(d-1) = {x : |x| = 1} be a unit sphere of the d-dimensional Euclideanspace R^d and let H^p = H^p(S^(d-1)) (0 < p ≤ 1) denote the real Hardy space on S^(d-1). For 0 < p≤ 1 and f ∈ H^p(S^(d-1)), let E_j (f, H^p) (j =0,1,...) be the best approximation of f byspherical polynomials of degree less than or equal to j, in the space H^p(S^(d-1)). Given adistribution f on S^(d-1), its Cesaro mean of order δ > -1 is denoted by σ_k~δ(f). For 0 < p ≤1, it is known that δ(p) := (d-1)/p - d/2 is the critical index for the uniform summability ofσ_k~δ(f) in the metric H^p.
文摘A derivative patch interpolating recovery technique is analyzed for the finite element approximation to the second order elliptic boundary value problems in two dimensional case.It is shown that the convergence rate of the recovered gradient admits superc onvergence on the recovered subdomain, and is two order higher than the optimal global convergence rate (ultracovergence) at an internal node point when even order finite element spaces and local uniform meshes are used.
文摘A universal in tailing wave-train generation of forced soliton generationover topography is found theoretically as the flows are at the resonant points and it is examinedwith the numerical calculation of the corresponding fKdV e-quatioa From the comparisons, it is shownthat theoretical and numerical results on the invariance is in good agreement and the theory givenin this paper does not include the modulus truncation, any free constant and unknown function.
文摘The reconstruction and subsequent particle identification is a challenge in a complex and a high luminosity environment such as those expected in the ATLAS detector at the LHC.The ATLAS software has chosen the object oriented paradigm and has recently migrated much of its software components developed earlier using procedural programming languages.The new software,which emphasizes on the separation between algorthms and data objects,has been successfully integrated in the broader ATLAS framework.We will present a status report of the reconstruction software summarizing the experiences gained in the migration of several software components.We will examine some of the components of the calorimeter software design,which include simulation of real-time detector effects and online environment,and strategies deployed for identification of particles.
