This paper presents a theoretic implementation method of Morphing Unmanned Submersible Aerial Vehicle （MUSAV）, which can both submerge in the water and fly in the air. Two different shapes are put forward so that th...This paper presents a theoretic implementation method of Morphing Unmanned Submersible Aerial Vehicle （MUSAV）, which can both submerge in the water and fly in the air. Two different shapes are put forward so that the vehicle can suit both submergence and flight, considering the tremendous differences between hydrodynamic configuration and aerodynamic configuration of a vehicle. The transition of the two shapes can be achieved by using morphing technology. The water-to-air process, including water-exit, morphing, take-off and steady flight, is analyzed. The hydrodynamic and aerodynamic model of the vehicle exiting the water surface obliquely and then taking off into the air has been founded. The control strategy after morphing is analyzed and the control method is given. Numerical method is used to validate the motion model of the water-exit process. Results of simulations show the validity of the proposed model and the feasibility of MUSAV in theory.展开更多
Objective To examine the effects of exogenously administered intermedin （IMD,adrenomedullin-2） on arterial blood pressure,cardiac function and the cardiovascular IMD receptor system in spontaneously hypertensive ra...Objective To examine the effects of exogenously administered intermedin （IMD,adrenomedullin-2） on arterial blood pressure,cardiac function and the cardiovascular IMD receptor system in spontaneously hypertensive rats （SHRs） as well as to investigate the associated mechanisms.Methods Thirteen week-old male rats were divided in Wistar Kyoto （WKY） group （n =12）,SHR group （n =12）,IMD group （SHRs infused with IMD 1-47 500 ng/kg per hour,n =12）,and ADM group （SHRs infused with adrenomedullin 500 ng/kg per hour,n =12）.Results A two-week continuous administration of low dose IMD 1-47 via mini-osmotic pumps markedly reduced blood pressure,the maximal rates of increase and decrease of left-ventricle pressure development （LV ± dp/dtmax）,left ventricular systolic pressure and heart rate in SHRs.Furthermore,IMD also inhibited protein over-expression of cardiovascular IMD receptors,myocardial Receptor Activity-Modifying Proteins （RAMP1 and RAMP2）,aortic RAMP1,RAMP2,RAMP3,and calcitonin receptor-like receptor （CRLR）;suppressed up-regulation of aortic RAMP1,RAMP2,RAMP3 and CRLR gene expression; and markedly elevated the mRNA abundance of myocardial atrial natriuretic peptide （ANP） and myocardial brain natriuretic peptide （BNP）.Additionally,IMD 1-47 administration in SHRs increased aortic cAMP concentration and reduced myocardial cAMP concentration.Conclusion These findings support the speculation that IMD,as a cardiovascular active peptide,is involved in blood pressure reduction and cardiac function amelioration during hypertension.The mechanism underlying this effect may involve IMD binding of a receptor complex formed by RAMPs and CRLR,and consequential regulation of cAMP levels and other cardiovascular active factors,such as ANP and BNP.展开更多
Coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).The infection is spreading globally and poses a huge threat to human health.Besides common respiratory symptom...Coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).The infection is spreading globally and poses a huge threat to human health.Besides common respiratory symptoms,some patients with COVID-19 experience gastrointestinal symptoms,such as diarrhea,nausea,vomiting,and loss of appetite.SARS-CoV-2 might infect the gastrointestinal tract through its viral receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)and there is increasing evidence of a possible fecal–oral transmission route.In addition,there exist multiple abnormalities in liver enzymes.COVID-19-related liver injury may be due to drug-induced liver injury,systemic inflammatory reaction,and hypoxia–ischemia reperfusion injury.The direct toxic attack of SARS-CoV-2 on the liver is still questionable.This review highlights the manifestations and potential mechanisms of gastrointestinal and hepatic injuries in COVID-19 to raise awareness of digestive system injury in COVID-19.展开更多
With the development and regulatory approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapies,cancer immunotherapy has undergone a profound transformation over the past decades.Recently,therapeutic cancer v...With the development and regulatory approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapies,cancer immunotherapy has undergone a profound transformation over the past decades.Recently,therapeutic cancer vaccines have shown promise by eliciting de novo T cell responses targeting tumor antigens,including tumor-associated antigens and tumor-specific antigens.The objective was to amplify and diversify the intrinsic repertoire of tumor-specific T cells.However,the complete realization of these capabilities remains an ongoing pursuit.Therefore,we provide an overview of the current landscape of cancer vaccines in this review.The range of antigen selection,antigen delivery systems development the strategic nuances underlying effective antigen presentation have pioneered cancer vaccine design.Furthermore,this review addresses the current status of clinical trials and discusses their strategies,focusing on tumor-specific immunogenicity and anti-tumor efficacy assessment.However,current clinical attempts toward developing cancer vaccines have not yielded breakthrough clinical outcomes due to significant challenges,including tumor immune microenvironment suppression,optimal candidate identification,immune response evaluation,and vaccine manufacturing acceleration.Therefore,the field is poised to overcome hurdles and improve patient outcomes in the future by acknowledging these clinical complexities and persistently striving to surmount inherent constraints.展开更多
The battlefield treatments of spinal and spinal cord injury vary from civilian settings. However, there is no unified battlefield treatment guidelines for spine trauma in PLA. An expert consensus is reached, based on ...The battlefield treatments of spinal and spinal cord injury vary from civilian settings. However, there is no unified battlefield treatment guidelines for spine trauma in PLA. An expert consensus is reached, based on spine trauma epidemiology and the concepts of battlefield treatment combined with the existing levels of military medical care in modern warfare. Since the specialized treatment for spine trauma are no significant difference between civilian settings and modern war, the first aid, emergency treatment and early treatment of spine trauma are introduced separately in three levels in this consensus. In Level I facilities, the fast and accurate evaluation of spine trauma followed by fixation and stabilization are recommended during the first-aid stage. Re-evaluation, further treatment for possible hemorrhagic shock, dyspnea and infection are recommended at Level II facilities. At Level III facilities, it is recommended to strengthen the intensive care and the prevention of urinary system and lung infection for the wounded with severe spinal injury, however, spinal surgery is not recommended in a battlefield hospital. The grading standard for evidence evaluation and recommendation was used to reach this expert consensus.展开更多
[ Objectives] This study was conducted to establish a QuEChERS-gas chromatography method for determination of eight kinds of organophosphorus pesticide residues in pepper. [Methods] The samples were extracted by aceto...[ Objectives] This study was conducted to establish a QuEChERS-gas chromatography method for determination of eight kinds of organophosphorus pesticide residues in pepper. [Methods] The samples were extracted by acetonitrile, and anhydrous magnesium sulfate was used for salting out. The extracts were then purified by dispersive solid phase extraction combining with GCB, C18 and PSA. Samples were analyzed by FPD detector. External standard was used as quantitive method. [ Results] The detection limits were in the range of 0. 001 -0. 008 mg/kg, the average recoveries ranged from 83.5% to 101.2% , and the relative standard deviation （RSD） of the eight organophosphorus pesticide residues were below 5%. [ Conclusions] The method is simple, quick, easy and effective for the determination of pepper.展开更多
The present review focuses on the roles and underlying mechanisms of action of hepatic nuclear factor-1(HNF-1)in lipid metabolism and the development of lipid metabolism disorders.HNF-1 is a transcriptional regulator ...The present review focuses on the roles and underlying mechanisms of action of hepatic nuclear factor-1(HNF-1)in lipid metabolism and the development of lipid metabolism disorders.HNF-1 is a transcriptional regulator that can form homodimers,and the HNF-1αand HNF-1βisomers can form heterodimers.Both homo-and heterodimers recognize and bind to specific cis-acting elements in gene promoters to transactivate transcription and to coordinate the expression of target lipid-related genes,thereby influencing the homeostasis of lipid metabolism.HNF-1 was shown to restrain lipid anabolism,including synthesis,absorption,and storage,by inhibiting the expression of lipogenesis-related genes,such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ)and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1/2(SREBP-1/2).Moreover,HNF-1 enhances the expression of various genes,such as proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9(PCSK9),glutathione peroxidase 1(GPx1),and suppressor of cytokine signaling-3(SOCS-3)and negatively regulates signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT)to facilitate lipid catabolism in hepatocytes.HNF-1 reduces hepatocellular lipid decomposition,which alleviates the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).HNF-1 impairs preadipocyte differentiation to reduce the number of adipocytes,stunting the development of obesity.Furthermore,HNF-1 reduces free cholesterol levels in the plasma to inhibit aortic lipid deposition and lipid plaque formation,relieving dyslipidemia and preventing the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD).In summary,HNF-1 transcriptionally regulates lipid-related genes to manipulate intracorporeal balance of lipid metabolism and to suppress the development of lipid metabolism disorders.展开更多
Purpose:To identify the risk factors for training-related lower extremity muscle injuries in young males by a non-invasive method of body composition analysis.Methods:A total of 282 healthy young male volunteers aged ...Purpose:To identify the risk factors for training-related lower extremity muscle injuries in young males by a non-invasive method of body composition analysis.Methods:A total of 282 healthy young male volunteers aged 18-20 years participated in this cohort study.Injury location,degree,and injury rate were adjusted by a questionnaire based on the overuse injury assessment methods used in epidemiological studies of sports injuries.The occurrence of training injuries is monitored and diagnosed by physicians and treated accordingly.The body composition was measured using the BodyStat QuadScan 4000 multifrequency Bio-impedance system at 5,50,100 and 200 kHz to obtain 4 impedance values.The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to check whether the data conformed to a normal distribution.Data of normal distribution were shown as mean±SD and analyzed by t-test,while those of non-normal distribution were shown as median(Q1,Q3)and analyzed by Wilcoxon rank sum test.The receiver operator characteristic curve and logistic regression analysis were performed to investigate risk factors for developing training-related lower extremity injuries and accuracy.Results:Among the 282 subjects,78(27.7%)developed training injuries.Lower extremity training injuries revealed the highest incidence,accounting for 23.4%(66 cases).These patients showed higher percentages of lean body mass(p=0.001),total body water(TBW,p=0.006),extracellular water(p=0.020)and intracellular water(p=0.010)as well as a larger ratio of basal metabolic rate/total weight(p=0.006),compared with those without lower extremity muscle injuries.On the contrary,the percentage of body fat(p=0.001)and body fat mass index(p=0.002)were lower.Logistic regression analysis showed that TBW percentage>65.35%(p=0.050,odds ratio=3.114)and 3rd space water>0.95%(p=0.045,odds ratio=2.342)were independent risk factors for lower extremity muscle injuries.Conclusion:TBW percentage and 3rd space water measured with bio-impedance method are potential risk factors for predicting the incidence of lower展开更多
Carbon deposition is sensitive to the metal particle sizes of supported Ni catalysts in CH_4/CO_2 reforming.To explore the reason of this phenomenon,Ni4,Ni8,and Ni12 which re flect the different cluster thicknesses su...Carbon deposition is sensitive to the metal particle sizes of supported Ni catalysts in CH_4/CO_2 reforming.To explore the reason of this phenomenon,Ni4,Ni8,and Ni12 which re flect the different cluster thicknesses supported on the MgO(100) slabs,have been employed to simulate Ni/MgO catalysts,and the reaction pathways of CH_4/CO_2 reforming on Nix/MgO(100) models are investigated by density functional theory.The reforming mechanisms of CH_4/CO_2 on different Nix/MgO(100) indicate the energy barriers of CH_4 dissociated adsorption,CH dissociation,and C oxidation three factors are all declining with the decrease of the Ni cluster sizes.The Hirshfeld charges analyses of three steps as described above show only Ni atoms in bottom two layers can obtain electrons from the MgO supporters,and the main electron transfer occurs between adsorbed species and their directly contacted Ni atoms.Due to more electron-rich Ni atoms in contact with the MgO supporters,the Ni/MgO catalysts with small Ni particles have a strong metal particle size effect and lead to its better catalytic activity.展开更多
Sterile-20-like mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4(MAP4 K4)is expressed in endothelial cells and activates inflammatory vascular damage.Endothelial cells are important components of the blood-brai...Sterile-20-like mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4(MAP4 K4)is expressed in endothelial cells and activates inflammatory vascular damage.Endothelial cells are important components of the blood-brain barrier.To investigate whether MAP4 K4 plays a role in the pathophysiology of subarachnoid hemorrhage,we evaluated the time-course expression of MAP4 K4 after subarachnoid hemorrhage.A subarachnoid hemorrhage model was established using the intravascular perforation method.The model mice were assigned to four groups:MAP4 K4 recombinant protein,scramble small interfering RNA,and MAP4 K4 small interfering RNA were delivered by intracerebroventricular injection,while PF-06260933,a small-molecule inhibitor of MAP4 K4,was administrated orally.Neurological score assessments,brain water assessments,Evans blue extravasation,immunofluorescence,western blot assay,and gelatin zymography were performed to analyze neurological outcomes and mechanisms of vascular damage.MAP4 K4 expression was elevated in the cortex at 24 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage,and colocalized with endothelial markers.MAP4 K4 recombinant protein aggravated neurological impairment,brain edema,and blood-brain barrier damage;upregulated the expression of phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B(p-p65)and matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP9);and degraded tight junction proteins(ZO-1 and claudin 5).Injection with MAP4 K4 small interfering RNA reversed these effects.Furthermore,administration of the MAP4 K4 inhibitor PF-06260933 reduced blood-brain barrier damage in mice,promoted the recovery of neurological function,and reduced p-p65 and MMP9 protein expression.Taken together,the results further illustrate that MAP4 K4 causes early blood-brain barrier damage after subarachnoid hemorrhage.The mechanism can be confirmed by inhibiting the MAP4 K4/NF-κB/MMP9 pathway.All experimental procedures and protocols were approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of General Hospital of Northern Theater Command(No.2018002)on January 15,2018.展开更多
A coupling fluid-structure method with a combination of viscous wake model（VWM）,computational fluid dynamics（CFD） and comprehensive structural dynamics（CSD） modules is developed in this paper for rotor unsteady ...A coupling fluid-structure method with a combination of viscous wake model（VWM）,computational fluid dynamics（CFD） and comprehensive structural dynamics（CSD） modules is developed in this paper for rotor unsteady airload prediction. The hybrid VWM/CFD solver is employed to model the nonlinear aerodynamic phenomena and complicated rotor wake dynamics;the moderate deflection beam theory is implemented to predict the blade structural deformation; the loose coupling strategy based on the ‘delt method＇ is used to couple the fluid and structure solvers.Several cases of Helishape 7A rotor are performed first to investigate the effect of elastic deformation on airloads. Then, two challenging forward flight conditions of UH-60 A helicopter rotor are investigated, and the simulated results of wake geometry, chordwise pressure distribution and sectional normal force show excellent agreement with available test data; a comparison with traditional CFD/CSD method is also presented to illustrate the efficiency of the developed method.展开更多
In critical care medicine,sepsis is a dangerous systemic condition that is highly prevalent and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates^([1]).The high mortality rate associated with sepsis is closely rel...In critical care medicine,sepsis is a dangerous systemic condition that is highly prevalent and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates^([1]).The high mortality rate associated with sepsis is closely related to multi-organ dysfunction,with heart injury being particularly critical and considered the starting point of multi-organ injury^([2]).展开更多
Adenomyosis is a poorly understood gynecological disorder lacking effective treatments.Controversy persists regarding“invagination”and“metaplasia”theories.The endometrial-myometrial junction(EMJ)connects the endom...Adenomyosis is a poorly understood gynecological disorder lacking effective treatments.Controversy persists regarding“invagination”and“metaplasia”theories.The endometrial-myometrial junction(EMJ)connects the endometrium and myometrium and is important for diagnosing and classifying adenomyosis,but its in-depth study is just beginning.Using single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial profiling,we mapped transcriptional alterations across eutopic endometrium,lesions,and EMJ.Within lesions,we identified unique epithelial(LGR5+)and invasive stromal(PKIB+)subpopulations,along with WFDC1+progenitor cells,supporting a complex interplay between“invagination”and“metaplasia”theories of pathogenesis.Further,we observed endothelial cell heterogeneity and abnormal angiogenic signaling involving vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin pathways.Cell-cell communication differed markedly between ectopic and eutopic endometrium,with aberrant signaling in lesions involving pleiotrophin,TWEAK,and WNT cascades.This study reveals unique stem cell-like and invasive cell subpopulations within adenomyosis lesions identified,dysfunctional signaling,and EMJ abnormalities critical to developing precise diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.展开更多
Pulmonary fibrosis(PF)is a devastating lung disease with limited treatment options.During this pathological process,the profibrogenic macrophage subpopulation plays a crucial role,making the characterization of this s...Pulmonary fibrosis(PF)is a devastating lung disease with limited treatment options.During this pathological process,the profibrogenic macrophage subpopulation plays a crucial role,making the characterization of this subpopulation fundamentally important.The present study revealed a positive correlation between pulmonary macrophages with higher mitochondrial mass(Mø^(mitohigh))and fibrosis.Among the Mø^(mitohigh)subpopulation of CD206^(+)M2,characterized by higher expression of dynamin 1-like(Drp1),as determined by flow cytometry and RNA-seq analysis,a therapeutic intervention was developed using an exosome-based formula composed of pathfinder and therapeutics.A pathfinder exosome called“exosome^(MMP19)(Exo^(MMP19))”,was constructed to display matrix metalloproteinase-19(^(MMP19))on the surface to locally break down the excessive extracellular matrix(ECM)in the fibrotic lung.A therapeutic exosome called“exosome therapeutics(Exo^(Tx))”,was engineered to display D-mannose on the surface while encapsulating siDrp1 inside.Prior delivery of Exo^(MMP19)degraded excessive ECM and thus paved the way for Exo^(Tx)to be delivered into Mø^(mitohigh),where Exo^(Tx)inhibited mitochondrial fission and alleviated PF.This study has not only identified Mø^(mitohigh)as profibrotic macrophages but it has also provided a potent strategy to reverse PF via a combination of formulated exosomes.展开更多
In this editorial,we comment on the article by Liu et al.Based on our analysis of a case report,we consider that early screening and recognition of primary nasal tuberculosis are crucial for patients undergoing treatm...In this editorial,we comment on the article by Liu et al.Based on our analysis of a case report,we consider that early screening and recognition of primary nasal tuberculosis are crucial for patients undergoing treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitor(TNFi).While TNFi therapy increases the risk of reactivating latent tuberculosis,primary nasal tuberculosis remains rare due to the protective mechanisms of the nasal mucosa.Risk factors for primary nasal tuberculosis include minimally invasive nasal surgery,diabetes,and human immunodefi ciency virus.Patients with early symptoms such as nasal congestion,rhinorrhea,altered olfaction,epistaxis,or ulceration,and unresponsive to conventional antibiotics and antihistamines should undergo early rhinoscopy,possibly followed by repeated tissue biopsies and acid-fast bacilli culture when necessary.When diagnosis is challenging,it is essential to consider local tuberculosis epidemiology and the efficacy of diagnostic antituberculosis treatment.The preferred method for tuberculosis screening is the Interferon Gamma Release Assay,with a general recommendation for screening at 3 and 6 months after initial treatment and then every six months.However,the optimal frequency is not yet consensus-driven and may be increased in economically viable settings.展开更多
How to control the dynamic behavior of large-scale artificial active matter is a critical concern in experimental research on soft matter, particularly regarding the emergence of collective behaviors and the formation...How to control the dynamic behavior of large-scale artificial active matter is a critical concern in experimental research on soft matter, particularly regarding the emergence of collective behaviors and the formation of group patterns. Centralized systems excel in precise control over individual behavior within a group, ensuring high accuracy and controllability in task execution. Nevertheless, their sensitivity to group size may limit their adaptability to diverse tasks. In contrast, decentralized systems empower individuals with autonomous decision-making, enhancing adaptability and system robustness. Yet, this flexibility comes at the cost of reduced accuracy and efficiency in task execution. In this work, we present a unique method for regulating the centralized dynamic behavior of self-organizing clusters based on environmental interactions. Within this environment-coupled robot system, each robot possesses similar dynamic characteristics, and their internal programs are entirely identical. However, their behaviors can be guided by the centralized control of the environment, facilitating the accomplishment of diverse cluster tasks. This approach aims to balance the accuracy and flexibility of centralized control with the robustness and task adaptability of decentralized control. The proactive regulation of dynamic behavioral characteristics in active matter groups, demonstrated in this work through environmental interactions, holds the potential to introduce a novel technological approach and provide experimental references for studying the dynamic behavior control of large-scale artificial active matter systems.展开更多
Circadian rhythms are self-sustaining oscillations within biological systems that play key roles in a diverse multitude of physiological processes.The circadian clock mechanisms in brain and peripheral tissues can osc...Circadian rhythms are self-sustaining oscillations within biological systems that play key roles in a diverse multitude of physiological processes.The circadian clock mechanisms in brain and peripheral tissues can oscillate independently or be synchronized/disrupted by external stimuli.Dental enamel is a type of mineralized tissue that forms the exterior surface of the tooth crown.Incremental Retzius lines are readily observable microstructures of mature tooth enamel that indicate the regulation of amelogenesis by circadian rhythms.Teeth enamel is formed by enamel-forming cells known as ameloblasts,which are regulated and orchestrated by the circadian clock during amelogenesis.This review will first examine the key roles of the circadian clock in regulating ameloblasts and amelogenesis.Several physiological processes are involved,including gene expression,cell morphology,metabolic changes,matrix deposition,ion transportation,and mineralization.Next,the potential detrimental effects of circadian rhythm disruption on enamel formation are discussed.Circadian rhythm disruption can directly lead to Enamel Hypoplasia,which might also be a potential causative mechanism of amelogenesis imperfecta.Finally,future research trajectory in this field is extrapolated.It is hoped that this review will inspire more intensive research efforts and provide relevant cues in formulating novel therapeutic strategies for preventing tooth enamel developmental abnormalities.展开更多
Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that seriously endangers women's lives. The prognosis of breast cancer patients differs among molecular types. Compared with other subtypes, triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC) h...Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that seriously endangers women's lives. The prognosis of breast cancer patients differs among molecular types. Compared with other subtypes, triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC) has been a research hotspot in recent years because of its high degree of malignancy, strong invasiveness, rapid progression, easy of recurrence,distant metastasis, poor prognosis, and high mortality. Many studies have found that long non-coding RNA(lncRNA) plays an important role in the occurrence, proliferation, migration, recurrence, chemotherapy resistance, and other characteristics of TNBC. Some lncRNAs are expected to become biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of TNBC, and even new targets for its treatment. Based on a PubMed literature search, this review summarizes the progress in research on lncRNAs in TNBC and discusses their roles in TNBC diagnosis, prognosis, and chemotherapy with the hope of providing help for future research.展开更多
Background: Border malaria is one of the most intractable problems hindering malaria elimination worldwide.Movement of both the human population and anopheline mosquitoes infected with Plasmodium spp.can cause cross-b...Background: Border malaria is one of the most intractable problems hindering malaria elimination worldwide.Movement of both the human population and anopheline mosquitoes infected with Plasmodium spp.can cause cross-border malaria transmission.The Yunnan border area was still hyperendemic for malaria in the early part of this century.The objective of this case study was to analyze the strategies,interventions and impacts of malaria control and elimination in the Yunnan border area.Main text: A total of 10,349 malaria cases and 17.1 per 10,000 person-years of annual parasite incidence(API)were reported in the border area in 2003.Based on natural village-based stratification,integrated interventions,including mass drug administration for radical cures and preventive treatment,clinically presumptive treatment of all febrile patients for malaria and indoor residual spraying or dipping bed nets with insecticides were successfully carried out from 2003 to 2013.The overall API was reduced to 0.6 per 10,000 person-years by 2013,while effective cross-border collaboration interventions dramatically reduced the malaria burden in the neighbouring border areas of Myanmar.From 2014 forward,the comprehensive strategy,including universal coverage of surveillance to detect malaria cases,a rapid response to possible malaria cases and effective border collaboration with neighbouring areas,successfully eliminated malaria and prevented reintroduction of malaria transmission in the Yunnan border area.Conclusions: In Yunnan malaria burden has successfully reduced by dynamically accurate stratification and comprehensive interventions;and then the region achieved elimination and prevented reintroduction of malaria transmission through intensive surveillance,rapid response and border collaboration.Other border areas should perform their own intervention trials to develop their own effective strategy.展开更多
Integrase strand transfer inhibitors(INSTIs)have emerged as the first‐line choice for treating human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection due to their superior efficacy and safety.However,the impact of INSTIs on the ...Integrase strand transfer inhibitors(INSTIs)have emerged as the first‐line choice for treating human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection due to their superior efficacy and safety.However,the impact of INSTIs on the development of neuropsychiatric conditions in people living with HIV(PLWH)is not fully understood due to limited data.In this study,we conducted a cross‐sectional examination of PLWH receiving antiretroviral therapy,with a specific focus on HIV‐positive men who have sex with men(MSM)on INSTI‐based regimens(n=61)and efavirenz(EFV)‐based regimens(n=28).Participants underwent comprehensive neuropsychiatric evaluations and multimodal magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)scans,including T1‐weighted images and resting‐state functional MRI.Compared to the EFV group,the INSTI group exhibited primarily reduced gray matter volume(GMV)in the right superior parietal gyrus,higher regional homogeneity(ReHo)in the left postcentral gyrus,lower ReHo in the right orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus,and increased voxel‐wise functional connectivity for the seed region in the left inferior temporal gyrus with clusters in the right cuneus.Furthermore,the analysis revealed a main effect of antiretroviral drugs on GMV changes,but no main effect of neuropsychiatric disorders or their interaction.The repeated analysis of participants who did not switch regimens confirmed the GMV changes in the INSTI group,validating the initial findings.Our study demonstrated gray matter atrophy and functional brain changes in PLWH on INSTI‐based regimens compared to those on EFV‐based regimens.These neuroimaging results provide valuable insights into the characteristics of brain network modifications in PLWH receiving INSTI‐based regimens。展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51541905)
文摘This paper presents a theoretic implementation method of Morphing Unmanned Submersible Aerial Vehicle （MUSAV）, which can both submerge in the water and fly in the air. Two different shapes are put forward so that the vehicle can suit both submergence and flight, considering the tremendous differences between hydrodynamic configuration and aerodynamic configuration of a vehicle. The transition of the two shapes can be achieved by using morphing technology. The water-to-air process, including water-exit, morphing, take-off and steady flight, is analyzed. The hydrodynamic and aerodynamic model of the vehicle exiting the water surface obliquely and then taking off into the air has been founded. The control strategy after morphing is analyzed and the control method is given. Numerical method is used to validate the motion model of the water-exit process. Results of simulations show the validity of the proposed model and the feasibility of MUSAV in theory.
文摘Objective To examine the effects of exogenously administered intermedin （IMD,adrenomedullin-2） on arterial blood pressure,cardiac function and the cardiovascular IMD receptor system in spontaneously hypertensive rats （SHRs） as well as to investigate the associated mechanisms.Methods Thirteen week-old male rats were divided in Wistar Kyoto （WKY） group （n =12）,SHR group （n =12）,IMD group （SHRs infused with IMD 1-47 500 ng/kg per hour,n =12）,and ADM group （SHRs infused with adrenomedullin 500 ng/kg per hour,n =12）.Results A two-week continuous administration of low dose IMD 1-47 via mini-osmotic pumps markedly reduced blood pressure,the maximal rates of increase and decrease of left-ventricle pressure development （LV ± dp/dtmax）,left ventricular systolic pressure and heart rate in SHRs.Furthermore,IMD also inhibited protein over-expression of cardiovascular IMD receptors,myocardial Receptor Activity-Modifying Proteins （RAMP1 and RAMP2）,aortic RAMP1,RAMP2,RAMP3,and calcitonin receptor-like receptor （CRLR）;suppressed up-regulation of aortic RAMP1,RAMP2,RAMP3 and CRLR gene expression; and markedly elevated the mRNA abundance of myocardial atrial natriuretic peptide （ANP） and myocardial brain natriuretic peptide （BNP）.Additionally,IMD 1-47 administration in SHRs increased aortic cAMP concentration and reduced myocardial cAMP concentration.Conclusion These findings support the speculation that IMD,as a cardiovascular active peptide,is involved in blood pressure reduction and cardiac function amelioration during hypertension.The mechanism underlying this effect may involve IMD binding of a receptor complex formed by RAMPs and CRLR,and consequential regulation of cAMP levels and other cardiovascular active factors,such as ANP and BNP.
基金supported by the State’s Key Project of Research and Development Plan in China(2017YFC1310602,2017YFC1310600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81701937).
文摘Coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).The infection is spreading globally and poses a huge threat to human health.Besides common respiratory symptoms,some patients with COVID-19 experience gastrointestinal symptoms,such as diarrhea,nausea,vomiting,and loss of appetite.SARS-CoV-2 might infect the gastrointestinal tract through its viral receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)and there is increasing evidence of a possible fecal–oral transmission route.In addition,there exist multiple abnormalities in liver enzymes.COVID-19-related liver injury may be due to drug-induced liver injury,systemic inflammatory reaction,and hypoxia–ischemia reperfusion injury.The direct toxic attack of SARS-CoV-2 on the liver is still questionable.This review highlights the manifestations and potential mechanisms of gastrointestinal and hepatic injuries in COVID-19 to raise awareness of digestive system injury in COVID-19.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China 81573008 and 81860547(Chunyan Dong)National Natural Science Foundation of China 82203861(Wanlu Cao).
文摘With the development and regulatory approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapies,cancer immunotherapy has undergone a profound transformation over the past decades.Recently,therapeutic cancer vaccines have shown promise by eliciting de novo T cell responses targeting tumor antigens,including tumor-associated antigens and tumor-specific antigens.The objective was to amplify and diversify the intrinsic repertoire of tumor-specific T cells.However,the complete realization of these capabilities remains an ongoing pursuit.Therefore,we provide an overview of the current landscape of cancer vaccines in this review.The range of antigen selection,antigen delivery systems development the strategic nuances underlying effective antigen presentation have pioneered cancer vaccine design.Furthermore,this review addresses the current status of clinical trials and discusses their strategies,focusing on tumor-specific immunogenicity and anti-tumor efficacy assessment.However,current clinical attempts toward developing cancer vaccines have not yielded breakthrough clinical outcomes due to significant challenges,including tumor immune microenvironment suppression,optimal candidate identification,immune response evaluation,and vaccine manufacturing acceleration.Therefore,the field is poised to overcome hurdles and improve patient outcomes in the future by acknowledging these clinical complexities and persistently striving to surmount inherent constraints.
基金supported by the"Thirteenth Five-Year"Special Project in Military Logistics Scientific Program(AWS16J032)the Innovation Project of Military Medicine(16CXZ017)
文摘The battlefield treatments of spinal and spinal cord injury vary from civilian settings. However, there is no unified battlefield treatment guidelines for spine trauma in PLA. An expert consensus is reached, based on spine trauma epidemiology and the concepts of battlefield treatment combined with the existing levels of military medical care in modern warfare. Since the specialized treatment for spine trauma are no significant difference between civilian settings and modern war, the first aid, emergency treatment and early treatment of spine trauma are introduced separately in three levels in this consensus. In Level I facilities, the fast and accurate evaluation of spine trauma followed by fixation and stabilization are recommended during the first-aid stage. Re-evaluation, further treatment for possible hemorrhagic shock, dyspnea and infection are recommended at Level II facilities. At Level III facilities, it is recommended to strengthen the intensive care and the prevention of urinary system and lung infection for the wounded with severe spinal injury, however, spinal surgery is not recommended in a battlefield hospital. The grading standard for evidence evaluation and recommendation was used to reach this expert consensus.
基金Supported by Post-doctoral Scientific Fund of China(No.2017M611382)Autonomy Program of Economy,Trade and Information Commission of Shenzhen Municipality(No.20170427160059840)
文摘[ Objectives] This study was conducted to establish a QuEChERS-gas chromatography method for determination of eight kinds of organophosphorus pesticide residues in pepper. [Methods] The samples were extracted by acetonitrile, and anhydrous magnesium sulfate was used for salting out. The extracts were then purified by dispersive solid phase extraction combining with GCB, C18 and PSA. Samples were analyzed by FPD detector. External standard was used as quantitive method. [ Results] The detection limits were in the range of 0. 001 -0. 008 mg/kg, the average recoveries ranged from 83.5% to 101.2% , and the relative standard deviation （RSD） of the eight organophosphorus pesticide residues were below 5%. [ Conclusions] The method is simple, quick, easy and effective for the determination of pepper.
基金supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(No.81770460)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,China(No.2019JJA140728)+2 种基金Scientific Research Foundation for the Excellent Youth of the Education Department of Hunan Province(No.18B264)Aid Program(No.2017KJ268)Key Lab for Clinical Anatomy&Reproductive Medicine(No.2017KJ182)of the Science and Technology Bureau of Hengyang City,China.
文摘The present review focuses on the roles and underlying mechanisms of action of hepatic nuclear factor-1(HNF-1)in lipid metabolism and the development of lipid metabolism disorders.HNF-1 is a transcriptional regulator that can form homodimers,and the HNF-1αand HNF-1βisomers can form heterodimers.Both homo-and heterodimers recognize and bind to specific cis-acting elements in gene promoters to transactivate transcription and to coordinate the expression of target lipid-related genes,thereby influencing the homeostasis of lipid metabolism.HNF-1 was shown to restrain lipid anabolism,including synthesis,absorption,and storage,by inhibiting the expression of lipogenesis-related genes,such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ)and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1/2(SREBP-1/2).Moreover,HNF-1 enhances the expression of various genes,such as proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9(PCSK9),glutathione peroxidase 1(GPx1),and suppressor of cytokine signaling-3(SOCS-3)and negatively regulates signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT)to facilitate lipid catabolism in hepatocytes.HNF-1 reduces hepatocellular lipid decomposition,which alleviates the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).HNF-1 impairs preadipocyte differentiation to reduce the number of adipocytes,stunting the development of obesity.Furthermore,HNF-1 reduces free cholesterol levels in the plasma to inhibit aortic lipid deposition and lipid plaque formation,relieving dyslipidemia and preventing the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD).In summary,HNF-1 transcriptionally regulates lipid-related genes to manipulate intracorporeal balance of lipid metabolism and to suppress the development of lipid metabolism disorders.
基金supported by the research project of PLA (16CXZ016,BLJ22J014)Research Project of Army Medical University (CX2019JS218)Army Medical University (2020XYY11).
文摘Purpose:To identify the risk factors for training-related lower extremity muscle injuries in young males by a non-invasive method of body composition analysis.Methods:A total of 282 healthy young male volunteers aged 18-20 years participated in this cohort study.Injury location,degree,and injury rate were adjusted by a questionnaire based on the overuse injury assessment methods used in epidemiological studies of sports injuries.The occurrence of training injuries is monitored and diagnosed by physicians and treated accordingly.The body composition was measured using the BodyStat QuadScan 4000 multifrequency Bio-impedance system at 5,50,100 and 200 kHz to obtain 4 impedance values.The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to check whether the data conformed to a normal distribution.Data of normal distribution were shown as mean±SD and analyzed by t-test,while those of non-normal distribution were shown as median(Q1,Q3)and analyzed by Wilcoxon rank sum test.The receiver operator characteristic curve and logistic regression analysis were performed to investigate risk factors for developing training-related lower extremity injuries and accuracy.Results:Among the 282 subjects,78(27.7%)developed training injuries.Lower extremity training injuries revealed the highest incidence,accounting for 23.4%(66 cases).These patients showed higher percentages of lean body mass(p=0.001),total body water(TBW,p=0.006),extracellular water(p=0.020)and intracellular water(p=0.010)as well as a larger ratio of basal metabolic rate/total weight(p=0.006),compared with those without lower extremity muscle injuries.On the contrary,the percentage of body fat(p=0.001)and body fat mass index(p=0.002)were lower.Logistic regression analysis showed that TBW percentage>65.35%(p=0.050,odds ratio=3.114)and 3rd space water>0.95%(p=0.045,odds ratio=2.342)were independent risk factors for lower extremity muscle injuries.Conclusion:TBW percentage and 3rd space water measured with bio-impedance method are potential risk factors for predicting the incidence of lower
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1361202,51276120)
文摘Carbon deposition is sensitive to the metal particle sizes of supported Ni catalysts in CH_4/CO_2 reforming.To explore the reason of this phenomenon,Ni4,Ni8,and Ni12 which re flect the different cluster thicknesses supported on the MgO(100) slabs,have been employed to simulate Ni/MgO catalysts,and the reaction pathways of CH_4/CO_2 reforming on Nix/MgO(100) models are investigated by density functional theory.The reforming mechanisms of CH_4/CO_2 on different Nix/MgO(100) indicate the energy barriers of CH_4 dissociated adsorption,CH dissociation,and C oxidation three factors are all declining with the decrease of the Ni cluster sizes.The Hirshfeld charges analyses of three steps as described above show only Ni atoms in bottom two layers can obtain electrons from the MgO supporters,and the main electron transfer occurs between adsorbed species and their directly contacted Ni atoms.Due to more electron-rich Ni atoms in contact with the MgO supporters,the Ni/MgO catalysts with small Ni particles have a strong metal particle size effect and lead to its better catalytic activity.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81971133(to GBL),81671313(to YSD)the Science and Technology Project of Liaoning Province of China,No.20180550504(to PYP)+1 种基金the Medical Science Youth Breeding Project of Chinese People’s Liberation Army,No.17QNP053(to YSD)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2016M592951(to YSD)。
文摘Sterile-20-like mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4(MAP4 K4)is expressed in endothelial cells and activates inflammatory vascular damage.Endothelial cells are important components of the blood-brain barrier.To investigate whether MAP4 K4 plays a role in the pathophysiology of subarachnoid hemorrhage,we evaluated the time-course expression of MAP4 K4 after subarachnoid hemorrhage.A subarachnoid hemorrhage model was established using the intravascular perforation method.The model mice were assigned to four groups:MAP4 K4 recombinant protein,scramble small interfering RNA,and MAP4 K4 small interfering RNA were delivered by intracerebroventricular injection,while PF-06260933,a small-molecule inhibitor of MAP4 K4,was administrated orally.Neurological score assessments,brain water assessments,Evans blue extravasation,immunofluorescence,western blot assay,and gelatin zymography were performed to analyze neurological outcomes and mechanisms of vascular damage.MAP4 K4 expression was elevated in the cortex at 24 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage,and colocalized with endothelial markers.MAP4 K4 recombinant protein aggravated neurological impairment,brain edema,and blood-brain barrier damage;upregulated the expression of phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B(p-p65)and matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP9);and degraded tight junction proteins(ZO-1 and claudin 5).Injection with MAP4 K4 small interfering RNA reversed these effects.Furthermore,administration of the MAP4 K4 inhibitor PF-06260933 reduced blood-brain barrier damage in mice,promoted the recovery of neurological function,and reduced p-p65 and MMP9 protein expression.Taken together,the results further illustrate that MAP4 K4 causes early blood-brain barrier damage after subarachnoid hemorrhage.The mechanism can be confirmed by inhibiting the MAP4 K4/NF-κB/MMP9 pathway.All experimental procedures and protocols were approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of General Hospital of Northern Theater Command(No.2018002)on January 15,2018.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11302103)
文摘A coupling fluid-structure method with a combination of viscous wake model（VWM）,computational fluid dynamics（CFD） and comprehensive structural dynamics（CSD） modules is developed in this paper for rotor unsteady airload prediction. The hybrid VWM/CFD solver is employed to model the nonlinear aerodynamic phenomena and complicated rotor wake dynamics;the moderate deflection beam theory is implemented to predict the blade structural deformation; the loose coupling strategy based on the ‘delt method＇ is used to couple the fluid and structure solvers.Several cases of Helishape 7A rotor are performed first to investigate the effect of elastic deformation on airloads. Then, two challenging forward flight conditions of UH-60 A helicopter rotor are investigated, and the simulated results of wake geometry, chordwise pressure distribution and sectional normal force show excellent agreement with available test data; a comparison with traditional CFD/CSD method is also presented to illustrate the efficiency of the developed method.
基金supported by Jiangsu Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Development Program(MS2022099)The Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Ocean University(No.KYCX2022-34)。
文摘In critical care medicine,sepsis is a dangerous systemic condition that is highly prevalent and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates^([1]).The high mortality rate associated with sepsis is closely related to multi-organ dysfunction,with heart injury being particularly critical and considered the starting point of multi-organ injury^([2]).
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32270840,31721003 and 32270908)Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine(No.mfmkf202201)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LTGY24H040002)Jiaxing Municipal Public Welfare Research Project(No.2021AY30004).
文摘Adenomyosis is a poorly understood gynecological disorder lacking effective treatments.Controversy persists regarding“invagination”and“metaplasia”theories.The endometrial-myometrial junction(EMJ)connects the endometrium and myometrium and is important for diagnosing and classifying adenomyosis,but its in-depth study is just beginning.Using single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial profiling,we mapped transcriptional alterations across eutopic endometrium,lesions,and EMJ.Within lesions,we identified unique epithelial(LGR5+)and invasive stromal(PKIB+)subpopulations,along with WFDC1+progenitor cells,supporting a complex interplay between“invagination”and“metaplasia”theories of pathogenesis.Further,we observed endothelial cell heterogeneity and abnormal angiogenic signaling involving vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin pathways.Cell-cell communication differed markedly between ectopic and eutopic endometrium,with aberrant signaling in lesions involving pleiotrophin,TWEAK,and WNT cascades.This study reveals unique stem cell-like and invasive cell subpopulations within adenomyosis lesions identified,dysfunctional signaling,and EMJ abnormalities critical to developing precise diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.NSFC 81970076)Key R&D Program of Shaanxi Province,China(2022ZDLSF01-10)。
文摘Pulmonary fibrosis(PF)is a devastating lung disease with limited treatment options.During this pathological process,the profibrogenic macrophage subpopulation plays a crucial role,making the characterization of this subpopulation fundamentally important.The present study revealed a positive correlation between pulmonary macrophages with higher mitochondrial mass(Mø^(mitohigh))and fibrosis.Among the Mø^(mitohigh)subpopulation of CD206^(+)M2,characterized by higher expression of dynamin 1-like(Drp1),as determined by flow cytometry and RNA-seq analysis,a therapeutic intervention was developed using an exosome-based formula composed of pathfinder and therapeutics.A pathfinder exosome called“exosome^(MMP19)(Exo^(MMP19))”,was constructed to display matrix metalloproteinase-19(^(MMP19))on the surface to locally break down the excessive extracellular matrix(ECM)in the fibrotic lung.A therapeutic exosome called“exosome therapeutics(Exo^(Tx))”,was engineered to display D-mannose on the surface while encapsulating siDrp1 inside.Prior delivery of Exo^(MMP19)degraded excessive ECM and thus paved the way for Exo^(Tx)to be delivered into Mø^(mitohigh),where Exo^(Tx)inhibited mitochondrial fission and alleviated PF.This study has not only identified Mø^(mitohigh)as profibrotic macrophages but it has also provided a potent strategy to reverse PF via a combination of formulated exosomes.
文摘In this editorial,we comment on the article by Liu et al.Based on our analysis of a case report,we consider that early screening and recognition of primary nasal tuberculosis are crucial for patients undergoing treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitor(TNFi).While TNFi therapy increases the risk of reactivating latent tuberculosis,primary nasal tuberculosis remains rare due to the protective mechanisms of the nasal mucosa.Risk factors for primary nasal tuberculosis include minimally invasive nasal surgery,diabetes,and human immunodefi ciency virus.Patients with early symptoms such as nasal congestion,rhinorrhea,altered olfaction,epistaxis,or ulceration,and unresponsive to conventional antibiotics and antihistamines should undergo early rhinoscopy,possibly followed by repeated tissue biopsies and acid-fast bacilli culture when necessary.When diagnosis is challenging,it is essential to consider local tuberculosis epidemiology and the efficacy of diagnostic antituberculosis treatment.The preferred method for tuberculosis screening is the Interferon Gamma Release Assay,with a general recommendation for screening at 3 and 6 months after initial treatment and then every six months.However,the optimal frequency is not yet consensus-driven and may be increased in economically viable settings.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12174041)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (CPSF)(Grant No. 2022M723118)the seed grants from the Wenzhou Institute,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. WIUCASQD2021002)。
文摘How to control the dynamic behavior of large-scale artificial active matter is a critical concern in experimental research on soft matter, particularly regarding the emergence of collective behaviors and the formation of group patterns. Centralized systems excel in precise control over individual behavior within a group, ensuring high accuracy and controllability in task execution. Nevertheless, their sensitivity to group size may limit their adaptability to diverse tasks. In contrast, decentralized systems empower individuals with autonomous decision-making, enhancing adaptability and system robustness. Yet, this flexibility comes at the cost of reduced accuracy and efficiency in task execution. In this work, we present a unique method for regulating the centralized dynamic behavior of self-organizing clusters based on environmental interactions. Within this environment-coupled robot system, each robot possesses similar dynamic characteristics, and their internal programs are entirely identical. However, their behaviors can be guided by the centralized control of the environment, facilitating the accomplishment of diverse cluster tasks. This approach aims to balance the accuracy and flexibility of centralized control with the robustness and task adaptability of decentralized control. The proactive regulation of dynamic behavioral characteristics in active matter groups, demonstrated in this work through environmental interactions, holds the potential to introduce a novel technological approach and provide experimental references for studying the dynamic behavior control of large-scale artificial active matter systems.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC2401803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51973004)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M730116)the Peking University Medicine Sailing Program for YoungScholars’Scientific&Technological Innovation(BMU2023YFJHPY012).
文摘Circadian rhythms are self-sustaining oscillations within biological systems that play key roles in a diverse multitude of physiological processes.The circadian clock mechanisms in brain and peripheral tissues can oscillate independently or be synchronized/disrupted by external stimuli.Dental enamel is a type of mineralized tissue that forms the exterior surface of the tooth crown.Incremental Retzius lines are readily observable microstructures of mature tooth enamel that indicate the regulation of amelogenesis by circadian rhythms.Teeth enamel is formed by enamel-forming cells known as ameloblasts,which are regulated and orchestrated by the circadian clock during amelogenesis.This review will first examine the key roles of the circadian clock in regulating ameloblasts and amelogenesis.Several physiological processes are involved,including gene expression,cell morphology,metabolic changes,matrix deposition,ion transportation,and mineralization.Next,the potential detrimental effects of circadian rhythm disruption on enamel formation are discussed.Circadian rhythm disruption can directly lead to Enamel Hypoplasia,which might also be a potential causative mechanism of amelogenesis imperfecta.Finally,future research trajectory in this field is extrapolated.It is hoped that this review will inspire more intensive research efforts and provide relevant cues in formulating novel therapeutic strategies for preventing tooth enamel developmental abnormalities.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LBY21H160001).
文摘Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that seriously endangers women's lives. The prognosis of breast cancer patients differs among molecular types. Compared with other subtypes, triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC) has been a research hotspot in recent years because of its high degree of malignancy, strong invasiveness, rapid progression, easy of recurrence,distant metastasis, poor prognosis, and high mortality. Many studies have found that long non-coding RNA(lncRNA) plays an important role in the occurrence, proliferation, migration, recurrence, chemotherapy resistance, and other characteristics of TNBC. Some lncRNAs are expected to become biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of TNBC, and even new targets for its treatment. Based on a PubMed literature search, this review summarizes the progress in research on lncRNAs in TNBC and discusses their roles in TNBC diagnosis, prognosis, and chemotherapy with the hope of providing help for future research.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81560543 and 81673113).
文摘Background: Border malaria is one of the most intractable problems hindering malaria elimination worldwide.Movement of both the human population and anopheline mosquitoes infected with Plasmodium spp.can cause cross-border malaria transmission.The Yunnan border area was still hyperendemic for malaria in the early part of this century.The objective of this case study was to analyze the strategies,interventions and impacts of malaria control and elimination in the Yunnan border area.Main text: A total of 10,349 malaria cases and 17.1 per 10,000 person-years of annual parasite incidence(API)were reported in the border area in 2003.Based on natural village-based stratification,integrated interventions,including mass drug administration for radical cures and preventive treatment,clinically presumptive treatment of all febrile patients for malaria and indoor residual spraying or dipping bed nets with insecticides were successfully carried out from 2003 to 2013.The overall API was reduced to 0.6 per 10,000 person-years by 2013,while effective cross-border collaboration interventions dramatically reduced the malaria burden in the neighbouring border areas of Myanmar.From 2014 forward,the comprehensive strategy,including universal coverage of surveillance to detect malaria cases,a rapid response to possible malaria cases and effective border collaboration with neighbouring areas,successfully eliminated malaria and prevented reintroduction of malaria transmission in the Yunnan border area.Conclusions: In Yunnan malaria burden has successfully reduced by dynamically accurate stratification and comprehensive interventions;and then the region achieved elimination and prevented reintroduction of malaria transmission through intensive surveillance,rapid response and border collaboration.Other border areas should perform their own intervention trials to develop their own effective strategy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82072271,82241072,82072294)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2501402,2021YFC0122601)+8 种基金the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(7222095,7222091)the Peak Talent Program of Beijing Hospital Authority(DFL20191701)the Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research(2022-1-1151)the Research and Translational Application of Clinical Characteristic Diagnostic and Treatment Techniques in Capital City(Z221100007422055)the Beijing Research Center for Respiratory Infectious Diseases(BJRID2024-001)the Beijing Hospitals Authority Innovation Studio of Young Staff Funding Support(2021037)the High-level Public Health Technical Personnel Construction Project(2022-1-007)the High-level Public Health Specialized Talents Project of Beijing Municipal Health commission(2022-02-20)the Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research(BZ0089).
文摘Integrase strand transfer inhibitors(INSTIs)have emerged as the first‐line choice for treating human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection due to their superior efficacy and safety.However,the impact of INSTIs on the development of neuropsychiatric conditions in people living with HIV(PLWH)is not fully understood due to limited data.In this study,we conducted a cross‐sectional examination of PLWH receiving antiretroviral therapy,with a specific focus on HIV‐positive men who have sex with men(MSM)on INSTI‐based regimens(n=61)and efavirenz(EFV)‐based regimens(n=28).Participants underwent comprehensive neuropsychiatric evaluations and multimodal magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)scans,including T1‐weighted images and resting‐state functional MRI.Compared to the EFV group,the INSTI group exhibited primarily reduced gray matter volume(GMV)in the right superior parietal gyrus,higher regional homogeneity(ReHo)in the left postcentral gyrus,lower ReHo in the right orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus,and increased voxel‐wise functional connectivity for the seed region in the left inferior temporal gyrus with clusters in the right cuneus.Furthermore,the analysis revealed a main effect of antiretroviral drugs on GMV changes,but no main effect of neuropsychiatric disorders or their interaction.The repeated analysis of participants who did not switch regimens confirmed the GMV changes in the INSTI group,validating the initial findings.Our study demonstrated gray matter atrophy and functional brain changes in PLWH on INSTI‐based regimens compared to those on EFV‐based regimens.These neuroimaging results provide valuable insights into the characteristics of brain network modifications in PLWH receiving INSTI‐based regimens。
