Background:The Compendium of Physical Activities was published in 1993 to improve the comparability of energy expenditure values assigned to self-reported physical activity(PA)across studies.The original version was u...Background:The Compendium of Physical Activities was published in 1993 to improve the comparability of energy expenditure values assigned to self-reported physical activity(PA)across studies.The original version was updated in 2000,and again in 2011,and has been widely used to support PA research,practice,and public health guidelines.Methods:This 2024 update was tailored for adults 19-59 years of age by removing data from those≥60 years.Using a systematic review and supplementary searches,we identified new activities and their associated measured metabolic equivalent(MET)values(using indirect calorimetry)published since 2011.We replaced estimated METs with measured values when possible.Results:We screened 32,173 abstracts and 1507 full-text papers and extracted 2356 PA energy expenditure values from 701 papers.We added303 new PAs and adjusted 176 existing MET values and descriptions to reflect the addition of new data and removal of METs for older adults.We added a Major Heading(Video Games).The 2024 Adult Compendium includes 1114 PAs(912 with measured and 202 with estimated values)across 22 Major Headings.Conclusion:This comprehensive update and refinement led to the creation of The 2024 Adult Compendium,which has utility across research,public health,education,and healthcare domains,as well as in the development of consumer health technologies.The new website with the complete lists of PAs and supporting resources is available at https://pacompendium.com.展开更多
Purpose:To describe the development of a Compendium for estimating the energy costs of activities in adults>60 years(OA Compendium).Methods:Physical activities(PAs)and their metabolic equivalent of task(MET)values ...Purpose:To describe the development of a Compendium for estimating the energy costs of activities in adults>60 years(OA Compendium).Methods:Physical activities(PAs)and their metabolic equivalent of task(MET)values were obtained from a systematic search of studies published in 4 sport and exercise databases(PubMed,Embase,SPORTDiscus(EBSCOhost),and Scopus)and a review of articles included in the 2011 Adult Compendium that measured PA in older adults.MET values were computed as the oxygen cost(VO_(2),mL/kg/min)during PA divided by 2.7 m L/kg/min(MET_(60+))to account for the lower resting metabolic rate in older adults.Results:We identified 68 articles and extracted energy expenditure data on 427 PAs.From these,we derived 99 unique Specific Activity codes with corresponding MET_(60+)values for older adults.We developed a website to present the OA Compendium MET_(60+)values:https://pacompendium.com.Conclusion:The OA Compendium uses data collected from adults>60 years for more accurate estimation of the energy cost of PAs in older adults.It is an accessible resource that will allow researchers,educators,and practitioners to find MET_(60+)values for older adults for use in PA research and practice.展开更多
to persist into adulthood and be associated with many adverse health outcomes later in adulthood,including cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes.[1]In utero exposure to“undernutrition”or“over-nutrition”plays...to persist into adulthood and be associated with many adverse health outcomes later in adulthood,including cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes.[1]In utero exposure to“undernutrition”or“over-nutrition”plays an important role in obesity in childhood and diseases in adulthood.[2]It is established that high branchedchain amino acids(BCAAs)are associated with insulin resistance and gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).[3]However,it is largely unknown whether in utero exposure to high BCAAs also plays a role in adverse childhood growth patterns.We used 8-year children follow-up data of a case-control study nested within a population-based prospective cohort of pregnant women in Tianjin,China,to examine associations between maternal BCAAs levels in early pregnancy and obesity-related growth patterns if any,in offspring at 1-8 years of age.展开更多
Glycemic variability is a more sensitive assessment of glycemic health as opposed to traditional clinical mea-surements.It considers all blood glucose concentrations over a given period to better account for glucose o...Glycemic variability is a more sensitive assessment of glycemic health as opposed to traditional clinical mea-surements.It considers all blood glucose concentrations over a given period to better account for glucose oscil-lations that occur and provides clinicians with insight into how individuals regulate and/or maintain their glycemic health.The advancement of continuous glucose monitoring(CGM)allows for the measurement of free-living glucose concentrations while providing a more reliable assessment of treatment of dysregulated glycemic.CGM coupled with management of lifestyle behavioral factors,such as reduced sedentary behavior and increased physical activity and regular exercise,potentially offers a previously untapped method for promoting improved glycemic health through greater regulation of glucose concentrations.The aim of this review is to critically evaluate the evidence regarding the measurement of glycemic variability and summarize the current under-standing of the relationship between glycemic variability,sedentary behavior,physical activity,the influence of a single exercise session or repeated exercise sessions,and exercise training.This review considers information pertaining to the strengths and limitations for measuring glycemic variability and provides insight into future study designs aimed at evaluating the relationship between sedentary behavior and physical activity with,as well as the influence of exercise on,glycemic variability as a primary outcome.展开更多
时尚,是当下很多年轻人都关注的一个话题。每个人对时尚的理解可能不同,但对时尚的向往之心大抵相同。关于时尚,我最欣赏的一句话是“Fashion is not an island,it’s a response”(Amanda Hallay)。时尚是抽象的,它可以是一种精神,一...时尚,是当下很多年轻人都关注的一个话题。每个人对时尚的理解可能不同,但对时尚的向往之心大抵相同。关于时尚,我最欣赏的一句话是“Fashion is not an island,it’s a response”(Amanda Hallay)。时尚是抽象的,它可以是一种精神,一种文化或态度。它常常通过物质具象地呈现出来,并形成一种潮流。时尚是一种创作性的审美表达,可以刺激并满足人们的潜在欲望。据专家预计,2020年中国时尚业的产值将超过5万亿元,约占GDP的5%。因此,时尚也是一股不可小觑的推动社会经济发展的力量。展开更多
Objective:Docosahexaenoic acid(DHA,22:6,n-3)is a major structural component of neural tissue critical to neurotransmission and mood regulation.Poor maternal dietary intake coupled with accelerated maternal-fetal trans...Objective:Docosahexaenoic acid(DHA,22:6,n-3)is a major structural component of neural tissue critical to neurotransmission and mood regulation.Poor maternal dietary intake coupled with accelerated maternal-fetal transfer of DHA compound risk for maternal deficiency.The objective of this investigation was to determine if maternal DHA supplementation is efficacious in reducing symptoms of postpartum depression.Methods:This pilot investigation was a randomized,double-blinded,placebo controlled investigation of the role of DHA in preventing risk for postpartum depression.Women were assigned to:i)Placebo(no DHA,corn oil capsule),ii)DHA(300 mg DHA,fish oil capsule).Capsules were consumed from 24 to 40 weeks gestation(1 capsule 5 days/week).Forty-two participants were recruited(n=20,intervention;n=22,placebo).Maternal DHA status and depressive symptoms were followed from 24 to 40 weeks gestation using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D)and the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale(PDSS)from 2 weeks to 6 months postpartum.Results:PDSS total scores were significantly lower(p=0.016;46.03±2.17,intervention vs.52.11±2.4,placebo)in the intervention group with less anxiety/insecurity(p=0.03),emotional lability(p=0.04)and loss of self(p=0.02).Conclusions:Women in the DHA intervention group had fewer symptoms of postpartum depression compared to the placebo group.These results support the notion that the consumption of DHA by pregnant women can be efficacious in preventing depressive symptoms and highlight a need for further larger-scale investigations using the PDSS in tandem with a diagnostic evaluation.展开更多
文摘Background:The Compendium of Physical Activities was published in 1993 to improve the comparability of energy expenditure values assigned to self-reported physical activity(PA)across studies.The original version was updated in 2000,and again in 2011,and has been widely used to support PA research,practice,and public health guidelines.Methods:This 2024 update was tailored for adults 19-59 years of age by removing data from those≥60 years.Using a systematic review and supplementary searches,we identified new activities and their associated measured metabolic equivalent(MET)values(using indirect calorimetry)published since 2011.We replaced estimated METs with measured values when possible.Results:We screened 32,173 abstracts and 1507 full-text papers and extracted 2356 PA energy expenditure values from 701 papers.We added303 new PAs and adjusted 176 existing MET values and descriptions to reflect the addition of new data and removal of METs for older adults.We added a Major Heading(Video Games).The 2024 Adult Compendium includes 1114 PAs(912 with measured and 202 with estimated values)across 22 Major Headings.Conclusion:This comprehensive update and refinement led to the creation of The 2024 Adult Compendium,which has utility across research,public health,education,and healthcare domains,as well as in the development of consumer health technologies.The new website with the complete lists of PAs and supporting resources is available at https://pacompendium.com.
文摘Purpose:To describe the development of a Compendium for estimating the energy costs of activities in adults>60 years(OA Compendium).Methods:Physical activities(PAs)and their metabolic equivalent of task(MET)values were obtained from a systematic search of studies published in 4 sport and exercise databases(PubMed,Embase,SPORTDiscus(EBSCOhost),and Scopus)and a review of articles included in the 2011 Adult Compendium that measured PA in older adults.MET values were computed as the oxygen cost(VO_(2),mL/kg/min)during PA divided by 2.7 m L/kg/min(MET_(60+))to account for the lower resting metabolic rate in older adults.Results:We identified 68 articles and extracted energy expenditure data on 427 PAs.From these,we derived 99 unique Specific Activity codes with corresponding MET_(60+)values for older adults.We developed a website to present the OA Compendium MET_(60+)values:https://pacompendium.com.Conclusion:The OA Compendium uses data collected from adults>60 years for more accurate estimation of the energy cost of PAs in older adults.It is an accessible resource that will allow researchers,educators,and practitioners to find MET_(60+)values for older adults for use in PA research and practice.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81870549 and 82200932)Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(Specialty)Construction Project(No.TJYXZDXK-075C).
文摘to persist into adulthood and be associated with many adverse health outcomes later in adulthood,including cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes.[1]In utero exposure to“undernutrition”or“over-nutrition”plays an important role in obesity in childhood and diseases in adulthood.[2]It is established that high branchedchain amino acids(BCAAs)are associated with insulin resistance and gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).[3]However,it is largely unknown whether in utero exposure to high BCAAs also plays a role in adverse childhood growth patterns.We used 8-year children follow-up data of a case-control study nested within a population-based prospective cohort of pregnant women in Tianjin,China,to examine associations between maternal BCAAs levels in early pregnancy and obesity-related growth patterns if any,in offspring at 1-8 years of age.
文摘Glycemic variability is a more sensitive assessment of glycemic health as opposed to traditional clinical mea-surements.It considers all blood glucose concentrations over a given period to better account for glucose oscil-lations that occur and provides clinicians with insight into how individuals regulate and/or maintain their glycemic health.The advancement of continuous glucose monitoring(CGM)allows for the measurement of free-living glucose concentrations while providing a more reliable assessment of treatment of dysregulated glycemic.CGM coupled with management of lifestyle behavioral factors,such as reduced sedentary behavior and increased physical activity and regular exercise,potentially offers a previously untapped method for promoting improved glycemic health through greater regulation of glucose concentrations.The aim of this review is to critically evaluate the evidence regarding the measurement of glycemic variability and summarize the current under-standing of the relationship between glycemic variability,sedentary behavior,physical activity,the influence of a single exercise session or repeated exercise sessions,and exercise training.This review considers information pertaining to the strengths and limitations for measuring glycemic variability and provides insight into future study designs aimed at evaluating the relationship between sedentary behavior and physical activity with,as well as the influence of exercise on,glycemic variability as a primary outcome.
文摘时尚,是当下很多年轻人都关注的一个话题。每个人对时尚的理解可能不同,但对时尚的向往之心大抵相同。关于时尚,我最欣赏的一句话是“Fashion is not an island,it’s a response”(Amanda Hallay)。时尚是抽象的,它可以是一种精神,一种文化或态度。它常常通过物质具象地呈现出来,并形成一种潮流。时尚是一种创作性的审美表达,可以刺激并满足人们的潜在欲望。据专家预计,2020年中国时尚业的产值将超过5万亿元,约占GDP的5%。因此,时尚也是一股不可小觑的推动社会经济发展的力量。
基金supported in primarily by the Patrick and Catherine Weldon Donaghue Medical Research Foundation(project award#:DF04-022)Loders Croklaan(supplied capsules),University of Connecticut School of Nursing(project support)the Agricultural Center and Pennington Biomedical Research Center,LSU(project support).
文摘Objective:Docosahexaenoic acid(DHA,22:6,n-3)is a major structural component of neural tissue critical to neurotransmission and mood regulation.Poor maternal dietary intake coupled with accelerated maternal-fetal transfer of DHA compound risk for maternal deficiency.The objective of this investigation was to determine if maternal DHA supplementation is efficacious in reducing symptoms of postpartum depression.Methods:This pilot investigation was a randomized,double-blinded,placebo controlled investigation of the role of DHA in preventing risk for postpartum depression.Women were assigned to:i)Placebo(no DHA,corn oil capsule),ii)DHA(300 mg DHA,fish oil capsule).Capsules were consumed from 24 to 40 weeks gestation(1 capsule 5 days/week).Forty-two participants were recruited(n=20,intervention;n=22,placebo).Maternal DHA status and depressive symptoms were followed from 24 to 40 weeks gestation using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D)and the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale(PDSS)from 2 weeks to 6 months postpartum.Results:PDSS total scores were significantly lower(p=0.016;46.03±2.17,intervention vs.52.11±2.4,placebo)in the intervention group with less anxiety/insecurity(p=0.03),emotional lability(p=0.04)and loss of self(p=0.02).Conclusions:Women in the DHA intervention group had fewer symptoms of postpartum depression compared to the placebo group.These results support the notion that the consumption of DHA by pregnant women can be efficacious in preventing depressive symptoms and highlight a need for further larger-scale investigations using the PDSS in tandem with a diagnostic evaluation.
