Objective:To study the morphology,biochemistry and bioactivity of the epidermal glands of the glandular morphotype of Christella parasitica(C.parasitica)(L.) H.Lev.Methods: Morphological studies on epidermal glands we...Objective:To study the morphology,biochemistry and bioactivity of the epidermal glands of the glandular morphotype of Christella parasitica(C.parasitica)(L.) H.Lev.Methods: Morphological studies on epidermal glands were earned out by using light microscope and scanning electron microscope.To prepare the extract,the shade-dried fronds of glandular morphotype were soaked in acetone.For antibacterial studies paper disc method was followed by using various pathogenic bacteria.Results:Detailed micromorphological,phytochemical and bioactivity studies on a medicinal fern C.parasitica(L.) H.Lev.showed its inlraspecific variation in antibacterial activity.The presence or absence of the epidermal glands was the key factor for antibacterial activity in the morphovariants of this species.The epidermal glands were orange-coloured,stalked and elongated ones of about 84.2μm×45μm,and distributed on the undersurface of cosla,coslules and veins in croziers,young and mature leaves.Frequency of glands varied from 15/cm on costa in mature leaves to 140/cm on costules in croziers.The acetone extract of the glands showed antibacterial activities and also toxic effect against mosquito larvae and tadpoles of frog.Preliminary phytochemical analysis and HPLC studies of the gland extract showed the presence of various kinds of terpenoids,alkaloids,tannins,saponins and flavonoids in it.Conclusions:The present study shows that epidermal glands of the glandular morphotype of C. parasitica(L.) H.Lev.have several bioactive compounds and such rare moiphovariant should be conserved in nature.The next step is to isolate the pure compounds and to screen the bioactivity of individual compounds of the epidermal glands.展开更多
A highly sensitive, rapid and rugged liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometw （LC-ESI-MS/MS） method was developed for reliable estimation of amantadine （AMD）, an antiviral drug in human plasma. The analyte an...A highly sensitive, rapid and rugged liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometw （LC-ESI-MS/MS） method was developed for reliable estimation of amantadine （AMD）, an antiviral drug in human plasma. The analyte and internal standard （IS）, amantadine-d6 （AMD-d6）, were extracted from 200μL plasma by solid phase extraction on Phenomenex Strata-X-C 33 ~t cartridges. Chromatography was performed on Synergi^TM Hydro-RP C18 （150 mm×4.6 mm, 4 μm） analytical column using a mixture of acetonitrile and 10 mM ammonium formate, pH 3.0 （80：20, v/v） as the mobile phase. Detection and quantitation was done by multiple reaction monitoring in the positive ionization mode for AMD （m/z 152.1→ 135.1 ） and IS （m/z 158.0 → 141.1） on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The assay was linear in the concentration range of 0.50-500 ng/mL with correlation coefficient （r^2） 〉 0.9969. The limit of detection of the method was 0.18 ng/mL The intra-batch and inter-batch precisions were 〈 5.42% and the accuracy varied from 98.47% to 105.72%. The extraction recovery of amantadine was precise and quantitative in the range of 97.89%-100.28%. IS-normalized matrix factors for amantadine varied from 0.981 to 1.012. The stability of AMD in whole blood and plasma was evaluated under different conditions. The developed method was successfully applied for a bioequivalence study with 100 mg of AMD in 32 healthy volunteers. The reproducibility of the assay was determined by reanalysis of 134 subject samples.展开更多
Objective:To determine the anti-bacterial efficacy of chloroform,ethanol,ethyl acetate and water extracts of inter-nodal and leaves derived calli extracts from Mentha arvensis(M.arvensis) against Salmonella typhi(S.ty...Objective:To determine the anti-bacterial efficacy of chloroform,ethanol,ethyl acetate and water extracts of inter-nodal and leaves derived calli extracts from Mentha arvensis(M.arvensis) against Salmonella typhi(S.typhi),Streptococcus pyogenes(S.pyogenes),Proteus vulgaris(P. vulgaris) and Bacillus subtilis(B.subtilis).Methods:The inter-nodal and leaves segments of M.arvensis were cut into 0.5-0.7 cm in length and cultured on Murashige and Skoog solid medium supplemented with 3%sucrose,gelled with 0.7%agar and different concentration of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetie acid(2,4-D) either alone or in combinations.The preliminary phytochemical screening was performed by Brindha et al method.Antibacterial efficacy was performed by disc diffusion method and incubated for 24 h at 37℃.Results:Maximum percentage of callus formation(inter-nodal segments 84.3±0.78;leaves segments 93.8±1.27) was obtained on Murashige and Skoog’s basal medium supplemented with 3%sucrose and 1.5 mg/L of 2,4-D.The ethanol extracts of leaves derived calli showed the maximum bio-efficacy than other solvents.The leaves and stem derived calli extracts on Proteus sp.showed that the plants can be used in the treatment of urinary tract infection associated with Proteus sp.Through the bacterial efficacy studies,it is confirmed that the in vitro raised calli tissue was more effective compared to in vivo tissue.Conclusions:The bio-efficacy study confirmed that the calli mediated tissues showed the maximum zone of inhibition.The present study paved a protocol to establish high potential cell lines by in vitro culture.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the phytochemical and anti-bacterial potential of mother plants in vivo and in vitro derived callus of Baliospermum montanum(B.montanum)(Willd.) Muell.-Arg. leaves and root.Methods:The in vitro d...Objective:To evaluate the phytochemical and anti-bacterial potential of mother plants in vivo and in vitro derived callus of Baliospermum montanum(B.montanum)(Willd.) Muell.-Arg. leaves and root.Methods:The in vitro derived rootlets and leaves segments of B.montanum were cut into 0.5-0.7 cm in length and cultured on Murashige and Skoog solid medium supplemented with 3%sucrose,gelled with 0.7%agar and different concentration of 2,4-D either alone or in combinations.The preliminary phytochemical screening was performed by Harborne method.Antibacterial efficacy was performed by well diffusion method and incubated for 24 h at 37℃.Results:The highest percentage of callus formation(leaves segments 86.9±0.56:root segments 78.7±0.51) was obtained on Murashige and Skoog’s basal medium supplemented with 3%sucrose and 2.0 mg/L of 2.4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid.The phytochemical study revealed the high quantity presence of steroids,triterpenoids,glycosides,saponins,alkaloids,flavanoids, phenolic compounds,tannins,sugars etc of root and leaves derived calli.The ethanol extract of leaves segment derived calli of B.montanum showed the maximum solubility and antimicrobial activity with the MIC ranged from 100 to 200μL.Conclusions:The preliminary phytochemical study confirmed that the calli mediated tissues showed the higher percentage of metabolite constituents and extraction value compared to the in vivo leaves and roots.The present study observation suggested that a possibility to establish high yielding genotypes by in vitro culture for production of medicinally important bioactive compounds.展开更多
Objective:To screen the antimicrobial potential of three ethnomedicinal plants Chassalia curviflora Thw.(C.curviflora),Cyclea peltata Hook.F.& Thomson(C.peltata) and Euphorbia hirta L(E.hirta) used in folk medicin...Objective:To screen the antimicrobial potential of three ethnomedicinal plants Chassalia curviflora Thw.(C.curviflora),Cyclea peltata Hook.F.& Thomson(C.peltata) and Euphorbia hirta L(E.hirta) used in folk medicines in Aarukani hills Kani tribe,Tamil Nadu,India against human bacterial pathogens.Methods:Antibacterial efficacy was performed by disc diffusion method against the pathogens viz.,Escherichia coli(E.coli)(ATCC 35218),Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus)(ATCC 6538),Salmonella typhi(S.typhi)(MTCC 733),Proteus vulgaris(P.vulgaris), Proteus mirabilis(P.mirabilis) and Streptococcus pyogenes(S.pyogenes) and incubated for 24 h at 37°C.Results:The maximum degree of antibacterial activity was observed in C.peltata followed by C.curviflora.While E.hirta showed comparatively low degree of antibacterial activity.The methanolic extract of C.peltata showed the antibacterial activity against three pathogens viz.,S.pyogenes,P.vulgaris and E.coli with the inhibition zones 12 mm,10 mm and 9 mm,respectively,hexane extracts of C.peltata also showed the antibacterial activity against two selected pathogens viz.,P.vulgaris and P.mirabilis with 15 mm and 12 mm of inhibition zones.All the three different concentrations(025,0.50 & 0.75 mg/mL) of methanolic extract of C. peltata show the inhibitory effect on the three susceptible bacteria S.pyogenes,P.vulgaris and E. coli with the maximum inhibition in the highest concentration(0.75 mg/mL).The methanolic and hexane extracts of C.curviflora exhibited the antibacterial activity against only one bacterium each i.e.P.vulgaris and S.typhi with the maximum zone of inhibition 13 and 11 mm respectively. The methanolic and hexane extracts of E.hirta exhibited the antibacterial activity against only one bacterium Le.S.pyogenes with the maximum zone of inhibition 13 and 11 mm respectively. Conclusions:The present investigation revealed that the C.curviflora,C.peltata and E.hirta are potentially good source of antibacterial agents and demonstrates the importance of such plants in traditional me展开更多
The tight focusing properties of a radially polarized Gaussian beam with a nested pair of vortices having a radial wave front distribution are investigated theoretically by the vector diffraction theory. The results s...The tight focusing properties of a radially polarized Gaussian beam with a nested pair of vortices having a radial wave front distribution are investigated theoretically by the vector diffraction theory. The results show that the optical intensity in the focal region can be altered considerably by changing the location of the vortices nested in a radially polarized Gaussian beam. It is noted that focal evolution from one annular focal pattern to a highly confined focal spot in the transverse direction is observed corresponding to the change in the location of the optical vortices in the input plane. It is also observed that the generated focal hole or spot lead to a focal shift along the optical axis remarkably under proper radial phase modulation. Hence the proposed system may be applied to construct tunable optical traps for both high and low refractive index particles.展开更多
The metric dimension problem is called navigation problem due to its application to robot navigation in space.Further this concept has wide applications in motion planning,sonar and loran station,and so on.In this pap...The metric dimension problem is called navigation problem due to its application to robot navigation in space.Further this concept has wide applications in motion planning,sonar and loran station,and so on.In this paper,we study certain results on the metric dimension,upper dimension and resolving number of extended annihilating-ideal graph EAG(R)associated to a commutative ring R,denoted by dim M(EAG(R)),dim+(EAG(R))and res(EAG(R)),respectively.Here we prove the finiteness conditions of dim M(EAG(R))and dim+(EAG(R)).In addition,we characterize dim M(EAG(R)),dim+(EAG(R))and res(EAG(R))for artinian rings and the direct product of rings.展开更多
A sensitive and rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC–MS/MS) method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of lisinopril(LIS) and hydrochlorothiazide(HCTZ) in human plasma using their...A sensitive and rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC–MS/MS) method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of lisinopril(LIS) and hydrochlorothiazide(HCTZ) in human plasma using their labeled internal standards(ISs). Sample pre-treatment involved solid phase extraction on Waters Oasis HLB cartridges using 100 μL of plasma, followed by liquid chromatography on Hypersil Gold C_(18)(50 mm×3.0 mm, 5 μm) column. The analytes were eluted within 2.0 min using acetonitrile-5.0 m M ammonium formate, p H 4.5(85:15, v/v) as the mobile phase. The analytes and ISs were analyzed in the negative ionization mode and quantified using multiple reaction monitoring. The method showed excellent linearity over the concentration range of 0.50–250.0 ng/m L for both the analytes. The intra-batch and inter-batch precision(% CV) was ≤5.26% and their extraction recoveries were in the range of 96.6%–103.1%. Matrix effect evaluated in terms of IS-normalized matrix factors ranged from 0.97 to 1.03 for both the analytes. The validated method was successfully applied to determine the plasma concentration of the drugs using 10 mg lisinopril and 12.5 mg hydrochlorothiazide fixed dose formulation in 18 healthy Indian volunteers.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the antimicrobial activity of Clitoria ternatea(C.ternatea) against the fish pathogens viz.,Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa),Escherichia coli(E.coli),Klebsiella pneumonia(K.pneumonia),Baci...Objective:To investigate the antimicrobial activity of Clitoria ternatea(C.ternatea) against the fish pathogens viz.,Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa),Escherichia coli(E.coli),Klebsiella pneumonia(K.pneumonia),Bacillus subtilis(B.subtilis),Aeromonas formican(A.formicans)s, Aeromonas hydrophila(A.hydrophila) and Streptococcus agalactiae(S.agalactiae )isolated from diseased Tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus).Methods:The extracts of C.ternatea was tested against P.aeruginosa,E.coli,K.pneumonia,B.subtilis,A.formicans,A.hydrophila and S.agalactiae by the agar well diffusion method.Results:Different extracts of C.ternatea showed inhibitory effects against P.aeruginosa,E.coli,K.pneumonia,B.subtilis,A.formicans,A.hydrophila and S. agalactiae.Ethyl acetate extracts of C.ternatea showed maximum of zone of inhibition against A. formicans(18 mm),A.hydrophilia(19 mm),B.subtilis(19 mm) and P.aeruginosa(21 mm) next to that ethanol extract of C.ternatea showed A.formicans(18 mm) and E.coli(14 mm) followed by Acetone extract showed maximum zone of inhibition S.agalactiae(19 mm) and K.pneumonia(17 mm).Conclusions:The antimicrobial activities of all the four plant extracts are comparable and their potential as alternative in the treatment of infectious by these microorganisms was present in the fish.Susceptibility testing is conducted on isolates using drugs selected on the basis of their importance to human medicine and use in fish production.展开更多
Objective:To screen the anti-cancer spike-mosses for the presence of various bioactivities and to identify the important bioactive chemicals present in Selaginella inaequalifolia(S. inaequalifolia)(Hook.& Grev.) S...Objective:To screen the anti-cancer spike-mosses for the presence of various bioactivities and to identify the important bioactive chemicals present in Selaginella inaequalifolia(S. inaequalifolia)(Hook.& Grev.) Spring.Methods:Preliminary phytochemical screening was done by following the method of Brindha et al.Antimicrobial study was carried out by disc diffusion method.Results:Results of preliminary phytochemical screening on five different extracts(petroleum ether,benzene,chloroform,ethanol and distilled water) of the spike-moss S.inaequalifolia show the presence steroids,triterpenes,phenolic group,tannin,sugars and catechin.Alkaloids,amino acids,anthraquinone and reducing sugar did not show any positive result.Among the five different extracts,ethanol and chloroform extracts show the presence of maximum number(4 each) of compounds.The results on antimicrobial studies show that all the three microbes[Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus),Escherichia coli(E.coli) and Candida albicans (C.albicans)]tested are resistant to the ethanol extract and susceptible to petroleum ether extract.The petroleum ether extract shows maximum inhibition with 45 mm of inhibition zone in C.albicans.The inhibition zone in S.aureus and E.coli are 26 mm and 22 mm respectively. Conclusions:The present study shows S.inaequalifolia having potent antibacterial and anticandidal activities.展开更多
Metabolic syndrome(MetS)is a complex disorder characterized by the coexistence of phenotypes such as obesity,hypertension,hyperglycemia,high triglyceride level,and low level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.Inf...Metabolic syndrome(MetS)is a complex disorder characterized by the coexistence of phenotypes such as obesity,hypertension,hyperglycemia,high triglyceride level,and low level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.Inflammation majorly driven by oxidative stress has an overarching role in obesity and IR-mediated mechanisms leading to Mets.Besides these factors.展开更多
A sensitive and selective method has been proposed for the simultaneous determination of amlodipine(AML),valsartan(VAL) and hydrochlorothiazide(HCTZ) in human plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry...A sensitive and selective method has been proposed for the simultaneous determination of amlodipine(AML),valsartan(VAL) and hydrochlorothiazide(HCTZ) in human plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry(LC–MS/MS). The analytes and their deuterated analogs were quantitatively extracted from100 μL human plasma by solid phase extraction on Oasis HLB cartridges. The chromatographic separation of the analytes was achieved on a Chromolith RP18 e(100 mm × 4.6 mm) analytical column within 2.5 min. The resolution factor between AML and VAL, AML and HCTZ, and VAL and HCTZ was 2.9, 1.5 and 1.4, respectively,under isocratic conditions. The method was validated over a dynamic concentration range of 0.02–20.0 ng/m L for AML, 5.00–10,000 ng/m L for VAL and 0.20–200 ng/m L for HCTZ. Ion-suppression/enhancement effects were investigated by post-column infusion technique. The mean IS-normalized matrix factors for AML, VAL and HCTZ were 0.992, 0.994 and 0.998, respectively. The intra-batch and inter-batch precision(% CV) across quality control levels was ≤ 5.56% and the recovery was in the range of 93.4%–99.6% for all the analytes. The method was successfully applied to a bioequivalence study of 5 mg AML + 160 mg VAL + 12.5 mg HCTZ tablet formulation(test and reference) in 18 healthy Indian males under fasting. The mean log-transformed ratios of C max, AUC0–120 h and AUC0-inf and their 90% CIs were within 90.2%–102.1%. The assay reproducibility was demonstrated by reanalysis of 90 incurred samples.展开更多
In the era of climate change,abiotic stresses(e.g.,salinity,drought,extreme temperature,flooding,metal/metalloid(s),UV radiation,ozone,etc.)are considered as one of the most complex environmental constraints that rest...In the era of climate change,abiotic stresses(e.g.,salinity,drought,extreme temperature,flooding,metal/metalloid(s),UV radiation,ozone,etc.)are considered as one of the most complex environmental constraints that restricts crop production worldwide.Introduction of stress-tolerant crop cultivars is the most auspicious way of surviving this constraint,and to produce these types of tolerant crops.Several bioengineering mechanisms involved in stress signaling are being adopted in this regard.One example of this kind of manipulation is the osmotic adjustment.The quarternary ammonium compound glycinebetaine(GB),also originally referred to as betaine is a methylated glycine derivative.Among the betaines,GB is the most abundant one in plants,which is mostly produced in response to dehydration caused by different abiotic stresses like drought,salinity,and extreme temperature.Glycinebetaine helps in decreased accumulation and detoxification of ROS,thereby restoring photosynthesis and reducing oxidative stress.It takes part in stabilizing membranes and macromolecules.It is also involved in the stabilization and protection of photosynthetic components,such as ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase,photosystem II and quarternary enzyme and protein complex structures under environmental stresses.Glycinebetaine was found to perform in chaperone-induced protein disaggregation.In addition,GB can confer stress tolerance in very low concentrations,and it acts in activating defense responsive genes with stress protection.Recently,field application of GB has also shown protective effects against environmental adversities increasing crop yield and quality.In this review,we will focus on the role of GB in conferring abiotic stress tolerance and the possible ways to engineer GB biosynthesis in plants.展开更多
Stir casting was used to produce AA6061/15%TiC （mass fraction） aluminum matrix composites （AMCs）. An empirical relationship was developed to predict the effect of stir casting parameters on the ultimate tensile ...Stir casting was used to produce AA6061/15%TiC （mass fraction） aluminum matrix composites （AMCs）. An empirical relationship was developed to predict the effect of stir casting parameters on the ultimate tensile strength （UTS） of AA6061/TiC AMCs. A central composite rotatable design consisting of four factors and five levels was used to minimize the number of experiments, i.e., castings. The factors considered were stirring speed, stirring time, blade angle and casting temperature. The effect of those factors on the UTS of AA6061/TiC AMCs was derived using the developed empirical relationship and elucidated using microstructural characterization. Each factor significantly influenced the UTS. The variation in the UTS was attributed to porosity content, cluster formation, segregation of TiC particles at the grain boundaries and homogenous distribution in the aluminum matrix.展开更多
The aim of this review was to explore the pharmacological activity of early tracheophytes （pteridophytes） as an alternative medicine for treating human ailments. As the first vascular plants, pteridophytes （aka, fe...The aim of this review was to explore the pharmacological activity of early tracheophytes （pteridophytes） as an alternative medicine for treating human ailments. As the first vascular plants, pteridophytes （aka, ferns and fern allies） are an ancient lineage, and human beings have been exploring and using taxa from this lineage for over 2000 years because of their beneficial properties. We have documented the medicinal uses of pteddophytes belonging to thirty different families. The lycophyte Selaginella sp. was shown in earlier studies to have multiple pharmacological activity, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antidiabetic, antiviral, antimicrobial, and anti-Alzheimer properties. Among all the pteridophytes examined, taxa from the Pteridaceae, Polypodiaceae, and Adiantaceae ex- hibited significant medicinal activity. Based on our review, many pteridophytes have properties that could be used in alternative medicine for treatment of various human illnesses. Biotechnological tools can be used to preserve and even improve their bioactive molecules for the preparation of medicines against illness. Even though several studies have reported medicinal uses of ferns, the possible bioacUve compounds of several pteridophytes have not been identified. Furthermore, their optimal dosage level and treatment strategies still need to be determined. Finally, the future direc- tion of pteridophyte research is discussed.展开更多
The physico-chemical properties of cesium doped SnO2 nanocrystals synthesized by wet chemical method have been investigated. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, energy dispersive X-ray ana...The physico-chemical properties of cesium doped SnO2 nanocrystals synthesized by wet chemical method have been investigated. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, energy dispersive X-ray analysis （EDAX）, inductively coupled plasma （ICP）, atomic absorption spectroscopic （AAS） analyses, UV-vis-NIR spectral studies and dielectric studies were carried out for both pure SnO2 and cesium doped SnO2 nano-samples. All samples of SnO2 did not show any metallic cluster, but the sample containing cesium as a dopant displayed significant activity. The products formed were chloride and water representing a competitive advantage from the stand point of environmental protection.展开更多
This paper develops a parallel hybrid electric vehicle(PHEV)propor-tional integral controller with driving cycle.To improve fuel efficiency and reduce hazardous emissions in hybrid electric vehicles(HEVs)combine an ele...This paper develops a parallel hybrid electric vehicle(PHEV)propor-tional integral controller with driving cycle.To improve fuel efficiency and reduce hazardous emissions in hybrid electric vehicles(HEVs)combine an electric motor(EM),a battery and an internal combustion engine(ICE).The electric motor assists the engine when accelerating,driving longer highways or climbing hills.This enables the use of a smaller,more efficient engine.It also makes use of the concept of regenerative braking to maximize energy efficiency.In a Hybrid Electric Vehicle(HEV),energy dissipated while braking is utilized to charge the battery.The proportional integral controller was used in this paper to analyze engine,motor performance and the New European Driving Cycle(NEDC)was used in the vehicle driving test using Matlab/Simulink.The proportional integral controllers were designed to track the desired vehicle speed and manage the vehi-cle’s energyflow.The Sea Lion Optimization(SLnO)methods were created to reduce fuel consumption in a parallel hybrid electric vehicle and the results were obtained for the New European Driving Cycle.展开更多
The aim of this research work was to enhance the fermentative production of exopolysaccharide(EPS)with mixed fruit waste as a key substrate.Xanothomonas campestries was isolated from spoiled orange and its EPS product...The aim of this research work was to enhance the fermentative production of exopolysaccharide(EPS)with mixed fruit waste as a key substrate.Xanothomonas campestries was isolated from spoiled orange and its EPS production efficiency was determined using EPS medium.Prior to optimisation,the production was 3.4 g/L,upon optimizing the medium the production improved to 9.2 g/L.The medium formulation was studied by sequential addition of medium components and replacement of sugar with mixed fruit waste.In formulated medium,the production enhanced to 11.1 g/L.For further optimisation,the response surface methodology was used,which resulted in the enhancement of production to 14.5 g/L.The scale-up study was undertaken in a 10 L shake flask and fermenter.In 10 L flask EPS,production was 14.45 g/L in 100 h,whereas in 10 L fermenter it was 21.10 g/L in 60h only.The optimisation studies gave nearly 500%(6.2fold)enhanced EPS production and dwindle in fermentation time.Replacement of sucrose with fruit waste extract made the process environment-friendly;omission of L-cystine and use of 50%reduced amount of sodium acetate in the medium lowered the production cost of EPS.The developed process resulted in the utilization of fruit waste and was also useful in solving the fruit waste disposal problem.展开更多
Three-phase induction motors are becoming increasingly utilized in industrialfield due to their better efficiency and simple manufacture.The speed control of an induction motor is essential in a variety of applications,...Three-phase induction motors are becoming increasingly utilized in industrialfield due to their better efficiency and simple manufacture.The speed control of an induction motor is essential in a variety of applications,but it is dif-ficult to control.This research analyses the three-phase induction motor’s perfor-mance usingfield-oriented control(FOC)and direct torque control(DTC)techniques.The major aim of this work is to provide a critical evaluation of devel-oping a simple speed controller for induction motors with improving the perfor-mance of Induction Motor(IM).For controlling a motor,different optimization approaches are accessible;in this research,a Fuzzy Logic Controller(FLC)with Fractional Order Darwinian Particle Swarm Optimization(FODPSO)algorithm is presented to control the induction motor.The FOC and DTC are controlled using FODPSO,and their performance is compared to the traditional FOC and DTC technique.Each scheme had its own simulation model,and the results were com-pared using hardware experimental and MATLAB-Simulink.In terms of time domain specifications and torque improvement,the proposed technique surpasses the existing method.展开更多
A simple,rapid and sensitive ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-MS/MS） method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of cilostazol and its pharmacologically active m...A simple,rapid and sensitive ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-MS/MS） method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of cilostazol and its pharmacologically active metabolite 3,4-dehydro cilostazol in human plasma using deuterated analogs as internal standards（ISs）.Plasma samples were prepared using solid phase extraction and chromatographic separation was performed on UPLC BEH C18（50 mm × 2.1 mm.1.7 μm） column.The method was established over a concentration range of 0.5-1000 ng/mL for cilostazol and 0.5-500 ng/mL for 3.4-dehydro cilostazol.Intra- and inter-batch precision（%CV） and accuracy for the analytes were found within 0.93-1.88 and 98.8-101.7% for cilostazol and 0.91-2.79 and 98.0-102.7% for the metabolite respectively.The assay recovery was within 95-97% for both the analytes and internal standards.The method was successfully applied to support a bioequivalence study of 100 mg cilostazol in30 healthy subjects.展开更多
文摘Objective:To study the morphology,biochemistry and bioactivity of the epidermal glands of the glandular morphotype of Christella parasitica(C.parasitica)(L.) H.Lev.Methods: Morphological studies on epidermal glands were earned out by using light microscope and scanning electron microscope.To prepare the extract,the shade-dried fronds of glandular morphotype were soaked in acetone.For antibacterial studies paper disc method was followed by using various pathogenic bacteria.Results:Detailed micromorphological,phytochemical and bioactivity studies on a medicinal fern C.parasitica(L.) H.Lev.showed its inlraspecific variation in antibacterial activity.The presence or absence of the epidermal glands was the key factor for antibacterial activity in the morphovariants of this species.The epidermal glands were orange-coloured,stalked and elongated ones of about 84.2μm×45μm,and distributed on the undersurface of cosla,coslules and veins in croziers,young and mature leaves.Frequency of glands varied from 15/cm on costa in mature leaves to 140/cm on costules in croziers.The acetone extract of the glands showed antibacterial activities and also toxic effect against mosquito larvae and tadpoles of frog.Preliminary phytochemical analysis and HPLC studies of the gland extract showed the presence of various kinds of terpenoids,alkaloids,tannins,saponins and flavonoids in it.Conclusions:The present study shows that epidermal glands of the glandular morphotype of C. parasitica(L.) H.Lev.have several bioactive compounds and such rare moiphovariant should be conserved in nature.The next step is to isolate the pure compounds and to screen the bioactivity of individual compounds of the epidermal glands.
文摘A highly sensitive, rapid and rugged liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometw （LC-ESI-MS/MS） method was developed for reliable estimation of amantadine （AMD）, an antiviral drug in human plasma. The analyte and internal standard （IS）, amantadine-d6 （AMD-d6）, were extracted from 200μL plasma by solid phase extraction on Phenomenex Strata-X-C 33 ~t cartridges. Chromatography was performed on Synergi^TM Hydro-RP C18 （150 mm×4.6 mm, 4 μm） analytical column using a mixture of acetonitrile and 10 mM ammonium formate, pH 3.0 （80：20, v/v） as the mobile phase. Detection and quantitation was done by multiple reaction monitoring in the positive ionization mode for AMD （m/z 152.1→ 135.1 ） and IS （m/z 158.0 → 141.1） on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The assay was linear in the concentration range of 0.50-500 ng/mL with correlation coefficient （r^2） 〉 0.9969. The limit of detection of the method was 0.18 ng/mL The intra-batch and inter-batch precisions were 〈 5.42% and the accuracy varied from 98.47% to 105.72%. The extraction recovery of amantadine was precise and quantitative in the range of 97.89%-100.28%. IS-normalized matrix factors for amantadine varied from 0.981 to 1.012. The stability of AMD in whole blood and plasma was evaluated under different conditions. The developed method was successfully applied for a bioequivalence study with 100 mg of AMD in 32 healthy volunteers. The reproducibility of the assay was determined by reanalysis of 134 subject samples.
文摘Objective:To determine the anti-bacterial efficacy of chloroform,ethanol,ethyl acetate and water extracts of inter-nodal and leaves derived calli extracts from Mentha arvensis(M.arvensis) against Salmonella typhi(S.typhi),Streptococcus pyogenes(S.pyogenes),Proteus vulgaris(P. vulgaris) and Bacillus subtilis(B.subtilis).Methods:The inter-nodal and leaves segments of M.arvensis were cut into 0.5-0.7 cm in length and cultured on Murashige and Skoog solid medium supplemented with 3%sucrose,gelled with 0.7%agar and different concentration of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetie acid(2,4-D) either alone or in combinations.The preliminary phytochemical screening was performed by Brindha et al method.Antibacterial efficacy was performed by disc diffusion method and incubated for 24 h at 37℃.Results:Maximum percentage of callus formation(inter-nodal segments 84.3±0.78;leaves segments 93.8±1.27) was obtained on Murashige and Skoog’s basal medium supplemented with 3%sucrose and 1.5 mg/L of 2,4-D.The ethanol extracts of leaves derived calli showed the maximum bio-efficacy than other solvents.The leaves and stem derived calli extracts on Proteus sp.showed that the plants can be used in the treatment of urinary tract infection associated with Proteus sp.Through the bacterial efficacy studies,it is confirmed that the in vitro raised calli tissue was more effective compared to in vivo tissue.Conclusions:The bio-efficacy study confirmed that the calli mediated tissues showed the maximum zone of inhibition.The present study paved a protocol to establish high potential cell lines by in vitro culture.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the phytochemical and anti-bacterial potential of mother plants in vivo and in vitro derived callus of Baliospermum montanum(B.montanum)(Willd.) Muell.-Arg. leaves and root.Methods:The in vitro derived rootlets and leaves segments of B.montanum were cut into 0.5-0.7 cm in length and cultured on Murashige and Skoog solid medium supplemented with 3%sucrose,gelled with 0.7%agar and different concentration of 2,4-D either alone or in combinations.The preliminary phytochemical screening was performed by Harborne method.Antibacterial efficacy was performed by well diffusion method and incubated for 24 h at 37℃.Results:The highest percentage of callus formation(leaves segments 86.9±0.56:root segments 78.7±0.51) was obtained on Murashige and Skoog’s basal medium supplemented with 3%sucrose and 2.0 mg/L of 2.4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid.The phytochemical study revealed the high quantity presence of steroids,triterpenoids,glycosides,saponins,alkaloids,flavanoids, phenolic compounds,tannins,sugars etc of root and leaves derived calli.The ethanol extract of leaves segment derived calli of B.montanum showed the maximum solubility and antimicrobial activity with the MIC ranged from 100 to 200μL.Conclusions:The preliminary phytochemical study confirmed that the calli mediated tissues showed the higher percentage of metabolite constituents and extraction value compared to the in vivo leaves and roots.The present study observation suggested that a possibility to establish high yielding genotypes by in vitro culture for production of medicinally important bioactive compounds.
文摘Objective:To screen the antimicrobial potential of three ethnomedicinal plants Chassalia curviflora Thw.(C.curviflora),Cyclea peltata Hook.F.& Thomson(C.peltata) and Euphorbia hirta L(E.hirta) used in folk medicines in Aarukani hills Kani tribe,Tamil Nadu,India against human bacterial pathogens.Methods:Antibacterial efficacy was performed by disc diffusion method against the pathogens viz.,Escherichia coli(E.coli)(ATCC 35218),Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus)(ATCC 6538),Salmonella typhi(S.typhi)(MTCC 733),Proteus vulgaris(P.vulgaris), Proteus mirabilis(P.mirabilis) and Streptococcus pyogenes(S.pyogenes) and incubated for 24 h at 37°C.Results:The maximum degree of antibacterial activity was observed in C.peltata followed by C.curviflora.While E.hirta showed comparatively low degree of antibacterial activity.The methanolic extract of C.peltata showed the antibacterial activity against three pathogens viz.,S.pyogenes,P.vulgaris and E.coli with the inhibition zones 12 mm,10 mm and 9 mm,respectively,hexane extracts of C.peltata also showed the antibacterial activity against two selected pathogens viz.,P.vulgaris and P.mirabilis with 15 mm and 12 mm of inhibition zones.All the three different concentrations(025,0.50 & 0.75 mg/mL) of methanolic extract of C. peltata show the inhibitory effect on the three susceptible bacteria S.pyogenes,P.vulgaris and E. coli with the maximum inhibition in the highest concentration(0.75 mg/mL).The methanolic and hexane extracts of C.curviflora exhibited the antibacterial activity against only one bacterium each i.e.P.vulgaris and S.typhi with the maximum zone of inhibition 13 and 11 mm respectively. The methanolic and hexane extracts of E.hirta exhibited the antibacterial activity against only one bacterium Le.S.pyogenes with the maximum zone of inhibition 13 and 11 mm respectively. Conclusions:The present investigation revealed that the C.curviflora,C.peltata and E.hirta are potentially good source of antibacterial agents and demonstrates the importance of such plants in traditional me
文摘The tight focusing properties of a radially polarized Gaussian beam with a nested pair of vortices having a radial wave front distribution are investigated theoretically by the vector diffraction theory. The results show that the optical intensity in the focal region can be altered considerably by changing the location of the vortices nested in a radially polarized Gaussian beam. It is noted that focal evolution from one annular focal pattern to a highly confined focal spot in the transverse direction is observed corresponding to the change in the location of the optical vortices in the input plane. It is also observed that the generated focal hole or spot lead to a focal shift along the optical axis remarkably under proper radial phase modulation. Hence the proposed system may be applied to construct tunable optical traps for both high and low refractive index particles.
文摘The metric dimension problem is called navigation problem due to its application to robot navigation in space.Further this concept has wide applications in motion planning,sonar and loran station,and so on.In this paper,we study certain results on the metric dimension,upper dimension and resolving number of extended annihilating-ideal graph EAG(R)associated to a commutative ring R,denoted by dim M(EAG(R)),dim+(EAG(R))and res(EAG(R)),respectively.Here we prove the finiteness conditions of dim M(EAG(R))and dim+(EAG(R)).In addition,we characterize dim M(EAG(R)),dim+(EAG(R))and res(EAG(R))for artinian rings and the direct product of rings.
基金University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi, India for BSR fellowship F 4-1/2009 (BSR)/7-74/2007the Department of Chemistry, Gujarat University
文摘A sensitive and rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC–MS/MS) method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of lisinopril(LIS) and hydrochlorothiazide(HCTZ) in human plasma using their labeled internal standards(ISs). Sample pre-treatment involved solid phase extraction on Waters Oasis HLB cartridges using 100 μL of plasma, followed by liquid chromatography on Hypersil Gold C_(18)(50 mm×3.0 mm, 5 μm) column. The analytes were eluted within 2.0 min using acetonitrile-5.0 m M ammonium formate, p H 4.5(85:15, v/v) as the mobile phase. The analytes and ISs were analyzed in the negative ionization mode and quantified using multiple reaction monitoring. The method showed excellent linearity over the concentration range of 0.50–250.0 ng/m L for both the analytes. The intra-batch and inter-batch precision(% CV) was ≤5.26% and their extraction recoveries were in the range of 96.6%–103.1%. Matrix effect evaluated in terms of IS-normalized matrix factors ranged from 0.97 to 1.03 for both the analytes. The validated method was successfully applied to determine the plasma concentration of the drugs using 10 mg lisinopril and 12.5 mg hydrochlorothiazide fixed dose formulation in 18 healthy Indian volunteers.
文摘Objective:To investigate the antimicrobial activity of Clitoria ternatea(C.ternatea) against the fish pathogens viz.,Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa),Escherichia coli(E.coli),Klebsiella pneumonia(K.pneumonia),Bacillus subtilis(B.subtilis),Aeromonas formican(A.formicans)s, Aeromonas hydrophila(A.hydrophila) and Streptococcus agalactiae(S.agalactiae )isolated from diseased Tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus).Methods:The extracts of C.ternatea was tested against P.aeruginosa,E.coli,K.pneumonia,B.subtilis,A.formicans,A.hydrophila and S.agalactiae by the agar well diffusion method.Results:Different extracts of C.ternatea showed inhibitory effects against P.aeruginosa,E.coli,K.pneumonia,B.subtilis,A.formicans,A.hydrophila and S. agalactiae.Ethyl acetate extracts of C.ternatea showed maximum of zone of inhibition against A. formicans(18 mm),A.hydrophilia(19 mm),B.subtilis(19 mm) and P.aeruginosa(21 mm) next to that ethanol extract of C.ternatea showed A.formicans(18 mm) and E.coli(14 mm) followed by Acetone extract showed maximum zone of inhibition S.agalactiae(19 mm) and K.pneumonia(17 mm).Conclusions:The antimicrobial activities of all the four plant extracts are comparable and their potential as alternative in the treatment of infectious by these microorganisms was present in the fish.Susceptibility testing is conducted on isolates using drugs selected on the basis of their importance to human medicine and use in fish production.
文摘Objective:To screen the anti-cancer spike-mosses for the presence of various bioactivities and to identify the important bioactive chemicals present in Selaginella inaequalifolia(S. inaequalifolia)(Hook.& Grev.) Spring.Methods:Preliminary phytochemical screening was done by following the method of Brindha et al.Antimicrobial study was carried out by disc diffusion method.Results:Results of preliminary phytochemical screening on five different extracts(petroleum ether,benzene,chloroform,ethanol and distilled water) of the spike-moss S.inaequalifolia show the presence steroids,triterpenes,phenolic group,tannin,sugars and catechin.Alkaloids,amino acids,anthraquinone and reducing sugar did not show any positive result.Among the five different extracts,ethanol and chloroform extracts show the presence of maximum number(4 each) of compounds.The results on antimicrobial studies show that all the three microbes[Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus),Escherichia coli(E.coli) and Candida albicans (C.albicans)]tested are resistant to the ethanol extract and susceptible to petroleum ether extract.The petroleum ether extract shows maximum inhibition with 45 mm of inhibition zone in C.albicans.The inhibition zone in S.aureus and E.coli are 26 mm and 22 mm respectively. Conclusions:The present study shows S.inaequalifolia having potent antibacterial and anticandidal activities.
基金This work(RA/1346/11-2022)was supported by grants received from the Department of Biotechnology,Ministry of Science and TechnologyGovernment of India(BT/PR40165/BTIS/137/12/2021)+1 种基金Science and Engineering Research Board(India)(STR/2020/000034)the Indian Council of Medical Research,India(BMI/11(51)/2022).
文摘Metabolic syndrome(MetS)is a complex disorder characterized by the coexistence of phenotypes such as obesity,hypertension,hyperglycemia,high triglyceride level,and low level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.Inflammation majorly driven by oxidative stress has an overarching role in obesity and IR-mediated mechanisms leading to Mets.Besides these factors.
文摘A sensitive and selective method has been proposed for the simultaneous determination of amlodipine(AML),valsartan(VAL) and hydrochlorothiazide(HCTZ) in human plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry(LC–MS/MS). The analytes and their deuterated analogs were quantitatively extracted from100 μL human plasma by solid phase extraction on Oasis HLB cartridges. The chromatographic separation of the analytes was achieved on a Chromolith RP18 e(100 mm × 4.6 mm) analytical column within 2.5 min. The resolution factor between AML and VAL, AML and HCTZ, and VAL and HCTZ was 2.9, 1.5 and 1.4, respectively,under isocratic conditions. The method was validated over a dynamic concentration range of 0.02–20.0 ng/m L for AML, 5.00–10,000 ng/m L for VAL and 0.20–200 ng/m L for HCTZ. Ion-suppression/enhancement effects were investigated by post-column infusion technique. The mean IS-normalized matrix factors for AML, VAL and HCTZ were 0.992, 0.994 and 0.998, respectively. The intra-batch and inter-batch precision(% CV) across quality control levels was ≤ 5.56% and the recovery was in the range of 93.4%–99.6% for all the analytes. The method was successfully applied to a bioequivalence study of 5 mg AML + 160 mg VAL + 12.5 mg HCTZ tablet formulation(test and reference) in 18 healthy Indian males under fasting. The mean log-transformed ratios of C max, AUC0–120 h and AUC0-inf and their 90% CIs were within 90.2%–102.1%. The assay reproducibility was demonstrated by reanalysis of 90 incurred samples.
基金Financial assistance from Council of Scientific and Industrial Research(CSIR),Government of India,through the research grant[38(1387)/14/EMR-II]Science and Engineering Research Board,Government of India through the grant[EMR/2016/004799]+1 种基金Department of Higher Education,Science and Technology and Biotechnology,Government of West Bengal,through the grant[264(Sanc.)/ST/P/S&T/1G-80/2017]to Dr.Aryadeep Roychoudhury is gratefully acknowledgedThe authors are thankful to the University Grants Commission(UGC),Government of India,for providing Junior Research Fellowship to Aditya Banerjee.
文摘In the era of climate change,abiotic stresses(e.g.,salinity,drought,extreme temperature,flooding,metal/metalloid(s),UV radiation,ozone,etc.)are considered as one of the most complex environmental constraints that restricts crop production worldwide.Introduction of stress-tolerant crop cultivars is the most auspicious way of surviving this constraint,and to produce these types of tolerant crops.Several bioengineering mechanisms involved in stress signaling are being adopted in this regard.One example of this kind of manipulation is the osmotic adjustment.The quarternary ammonium compound glycinebetaine(GB),also originally referred to as betaine is a methylated glycine derivative.Among the betaines,GB is the most abundant one in plants,which is mostly produced in response to dehydration caused by different abiotic stresses like drought,salinity,and extreme temperature.Glycinebetaine helps in decreased accumulation and detoxification of ROS,thereby restoring photosynthesis and reducing oxidative stress.It takes part in stabilizing membranes and macromolecules.It is also involved in the stabilization and protection of photosynthetic components,such as ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase,photosystem II and quarternary enzyme and protein complex structures under environmental stresses.Glycinebetaine was found to perform in chaperone-induced protein disaggregation.In addition,GB can confer stress tolerance in very low concentrations,and it acts in activating defense responsive genes with stress protection.Recently,field application of GB has also shown protective effects against environmental adversities increasing crop yield and quality.In this review,we will focus on the role of GB in conferring abiotic stress tolerance and the possible ways to engineer GB biosynthesis in plants.
文摘Stir casting was used to produce AA6061/15%TiC （mass fraction） aluminum matrix composites （AMCs）. An empirical relationship was developed to predict the effect of stir casting parameters on the ultimate tensile strength （UTS） of AA6061/TiC AMCs. A central composite rotatable design consisting of four factors and five levels was used to minimize the number of experiments, i.e., castings. The factors considered were stirring speed, stirring time, blade angle and casting temperature. The effect of those factors on the UTS of AA6061/TiC AMCs was derived using the developed empirical relationship and elucidated using microstructural characterization. Each factor significantly influenced the UTS. The variation in the UTS was attributed to porosity content, cluster formation, segregation of TiC particles at the grain boundaries and homogenous distribution in the aluminum matrix.
基金Project supported by the Science and Technology Project for Fundamental Research of Shenzhen(No.JCYJ20140905095624296)the Basic Work Special Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2013FY111500)
文摘The aim of this review was to explore the pharmacological activity of early tracheophytes （pteridophytes） as an alternative medicine for treating human ailments. As the first vascular plants, pteridophytes （aka, ferns and fern allies） are an ancient lineage, and human beings have been exploring and using taxa from this lineage for over 2000 years because of their beneficial properties. We have documented the medicinal uses of pteddophytes belonging to thirty different families. The lycophyte Selaginella sp. was shown in earlier studies to have multiple pharmacological activity, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antidiabetic, antiviral, antimicrobial, and anti-Alzheimer properties. Among all the pteridophytes examined, taxa from the Pteridaceae, Polypodiaceae, and Adiantaceae ex- hibited significant medicinal activity. Based on our review, many pteridophytes have properties that could be used in alternative medicine for treatment of various human illnesses. Biotechnological tools can be used to preserve and even improve their bioactive molecules for the preparation of medicines against illness. Even though several studies have reported medicinal uses of ferns, the possible bioacUve compounds of several pteridophytes have not been identified. Furthermore, their optimal dosage level and treatment strategies still need to be determined. Finally, the future direc- tion of pteridophyte research is discussed.
文摘The physico-chemical properties of cesium doped SnO2 nanocrystals synthesized by wet chemical method have been investigated. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, energy dispersive X-ray analysis （EDAX）, inductively coupled plasma （ICP）, atomic absorption spectroscopic （AAS） analyses, UV-vis-NIR spectral studies and dielectric studies were carried out for both pure SnO2 and cesium doped SnO2 nano-samples. All samples of SnO2 did not show any metallic cluster, but the sample containing cesium as a dopant displayed significant activity. The products formed were chloride and water representing a competitive advantage from the stand point of environmental protection.
文摘This paper develops a parallel hybrid electric vehicle(PHEV)propor-tional integral controller with driving cycle.To improve fuel efficiency and reduce hazardous emissions in hybrid electric vehicles(HEVs)combine an electric motor(EM),a battery and an internal combustion engine(ICE).The electric motor assists the engine when accelerating,driving longer highways or climbing hills.This enables the use of a smaller,more efficient engine.It also makes use of the concept of regenerative braking to maximize energy efficiency.In a Hybrid Electric Vehicle(HEV),energy dissipated while braking is utilized to charge the battery.The proportional integral controller was used in this paper to analyze engine,motor performance and the New European Driving Cycle(NEDC)was used in the vehicle driving test using Matlab/Simulink.The proportional integral controllers were designed to track the desired vehicle speed and manage the vehi-cle’s energyflow.The Sea Lion Optimization(SLnO)methods were created to reduce fuel consumption in a parallel hybrid electric vehicle and the results were obtained for the New European Driving Cycle.
基金We are grateful to the Department of Science and Technology(DST),New Delhi,India awarding INSPIRE Fellowship to Dr.Kinjal.H.Upadhyay.Dr Bhargav C Patel for correction of text and plagiarism check.
文摘The aim of this research work was to enhance the fermentative production of exopolysaccharide(EPS)with mixed fruit waste as a key substrate.Xanothomonas campestries was isolated from spoiled orange and its EPS production efficiency was determined using EPS medium.Prior to optimisation,the production was 3.4 g/L,upon optimizing the medium the production improved to 9.2 g/L.The medium formulation was studied by sequential addition of medium components and replacement of sugar with mixed fruit waste.In formulated medium,the production enhanced to 11.1 g/L.For further optimisation,the response surface methodology was used,which resulted in the enhancement of production to 14.5 g/L.The scale-up study was undertaken in a 10 L shake flask and fermenter.In 10 L flask EPS,production was 14.45 g/L in 100 h,whereas in 10 L fermenter it was 21.10 g/L in 60h only.The optimisation studies gave nearly 500%(6.2fold)enhanced EPS production and dwindle in fermentation time.Replacement of sucrose with fruit waste extract made the process environment-friendly;omission of L-cystine and use of 50%reduced amount of sodium acetate in the medium lowered the production cost of EPS.The developed process resulted in the utilization of fruit waste and was also useful in solving the fruit waste disposal problem.
文摘Three-phase induction motors are becoming increasingly utilized in industrialfield due to their better efficiency and simple manufacture.The speed control of an induction motor is essential in a variety of applications,but it is dif-ficult to control.This research analyses the three-phase induction motor’s perfor-mance usingfield-oriented control(FOC)and direct torque control(DTC)techniques.The major aim of this work is to provide a critical evaluation of devel-oping a simple speed controller for induction motors with improving the perfor-mance of Induction Motor(IM).For controlling a motor,different optimization approaches are accessible;in this research,a Fuzzy Logic Controller(FLC)with Fractional Order Darwinian Particle Swarm Optimization(FODPSO)algorithm is presented to control the induction motor.The FOC and DTC are controlled using FODPSO,and their performance is compared to the traditional FOC and DTC technique.Each scheme had its own simulation model,and the results were com-pared using hardware experimental and MATLAB-Simulink.In terms of time domain specifications and torque improvement,the proposed technique surpasses the existing method.
文摘A simple,rapid and sensitive ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-MS/MS） method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of cilostazol and its pharmacologically active metabolite 3,4-dehydro cilostazol in human plasma using deuterated analogs as internal standards（ISs）.Plasma samples were prepared using solid phase extraction and chromatographic separation was performed on UPLC BEH C18（50 mm × 2.1 mm.1.7 μm） column.The method was established over a concentration range of 0.5-1000 ng/mL for cilostazol and 0.5-500 ng/mL for 3.4-dehydro cilostazol.Intra- and inter-batch precision（%CV） and accuracy for the analytes were found within 0.93-1.88 and 98.8-101.7% for cilostazol and 0.91-2.79 and 98.0-102.7% for the metabolite respectively.The assay recovery was within 95-97% for both the analytes and internal standards.The method was successfully applied to support a bioequivalence study of 100 mg cilostazol in30 healthy subjects.
