AIM:To compare genotype of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) isolated from saliva,dental plaques,gastric biopsy,and stool of each patient in order to evaluate the mode of transmission of H.pylori infection.METHODS:This cr...AIM:To compare genotype of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) isolated from saliva,dental plaques,gastric biopsy,and stool of each patient in order to evaluate the mode of transmission of H.pylori infection.METHODS:This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 300 antral gastric biopsy,saliva,dental plaque and stool samples which were obtained from patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy referred to endoscopy centre of Hajar hospital of Shahrekord,Iran from March 2010 to February 2011.Initially,H.pylori strains were identified by rapid urease test(RUT) and polymerase chain reaction(PCR) were applied to determine the presence of H.pylori(ureC) and for genotyping of voculating cytotoxin gene A(vacA) and cytotoxin associated gene A(cagA) genesin each specimen.Finally the data were analyzed by using statistical formulas such as Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests to find any significant relationship between these genes and patient's diseases.P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant,RESULTS:Of 300 gastric biopsy samples,77.66% were confirmed to be H.pylori positive by PCR assay while this bacterium were detected in 10.72% of saliva,71.67% of stool samples.We were not able to find it in dental plaque specimens.The prevalence of H.pylori was 90.47% among patients with peptic ulcer disease(PUD),80% among patients with gastric cancer,and 74.13% among patients with none ulcer dyspepsia(NUD) by PCR assay.The evaluation of vacA and cagA genes showed 6 differences between gastric biopsy and saliva specimens and 11 differences between gastric and stool specimens.94.42% of H.pylori positive specimens were cagA positive and all samples had amplified band both for vacA s and m regions.There was significant relationship between vacA s1a/m1a and PUD diseases(P = 0.04),s2/m2 genotype and NUD diseases(P = 0.05).No statically significant relationship was found between cagA status with clinical outcomes and vacA genotypes(P = 0.65).The evaluation of vacA and cagA genes showed 6 differences between gastr展开更多
Nowadays,the use of renewable energies,especially wind,solar,and biomass,is essential as an effective solution to address global environmental and economic challenges.Therefore,the current study examines the energy-ec...Nowadays,the use of renewable energies,especially wind,solar,and biomass,is essential as an effective solution to address global environmental and economic challenges.Therefore,the current study examines the energy-economic-environmental analysis of off-grid electricity generation systems using solar panels,wind turbines,and biomass generators in various weather conditions in Iran.Simulations over 25 years were conducted using HOMER v2.81 software,aiming to determine the potential of each region and find the lowest cost of electricity production per kWh.In the end,to identify the most suitable location,the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS)method was employed to rank different stations based on simulation output parameters and some other influential factors.Considering the evaluation of various parameters,the stations in Yazd,Marand,and Dezful achieved the best results,while the stations in Ramsar,Shahrekord,and Gonbad presented the least favorable outcomes.In Yazd,the wind turbine is an economic priority,and a 100 kW wind turbine is utilized in the optimal system.In Yazd,where the simultaneous use of renewable energies is most prominent,the lowest pollutant production occurred with a quantity of 1174 kg/year.Annual energy losses are highest in Jask station and lowest in Yazd.展开更多
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is among the most important mycotoxins, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies it as possibly carcinogenic to humans (group 2B). A total of 121 samples of dried fruits...Ochratoxin A (OTA) is among the most important mycotoxins, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies it as possibly carcinogenic to humans (group 2B). A total of 121 samples of dried fruits from the central zone of Iran were analyzed for OTA by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. The recovery percentages of OTA in spiked dried fruit samples at concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 ng/g were found to be 84.9%, 89.3% and 90.4% as mean, respectively. OTA was found in 20.7% of the analyzed samples by average concentration of 6.7 ± 3.9 ng/g. The incidence rates of OTA contamination in dried fig, raising, apricots, and date samples were 10.4%, 44.7%, 6.7% and 10.0%, respectively. The concentrations of OTA in 7.9% of contaminated dried raising samples and 2.1% of dried fig samples were higher than maximum tolerance limit accepted by European Union (10 ng/g). This value reflects that the analyzed samples have a minimal contribution to toxicological risk. To our best knowledge, the present study is the first report of the presence of OTA by ELISA in dried fruit samples in Iran.展开更多
The aim of this study was to design a new emulsion liquid membrane(ELM)system for the separation of succinic acid from aqueous solutions.The concentration of succinic acid varied from 20 to 60 mmol·L^(-1).The pre...The aim of this study was to design a new emulsion liquid membrane(ELM)system for the separation of succinic acid from aqueous solutions.The concentration of succinic acid varied from 20 to 60 mmol·L^(-1).The prepared ELM system includes tributylamine(TBA)as a carrier,commercial kerosene as a solvent,Span 80 as a surfactant,and Na2CO3as a stripping agent.In order to control the membrane swelling,different values of cyclohexanone were added to the membrane phase.The effect of various empirical variables on the extraction of the succinic acid such as acid concentration in the feed solution,initial feed concentration,carrier concentration,the stirring speed of the extraction,Na2CO3,surfactant,and cyclohexanone concentrations,and treat ratio in the ELM system.The best result was obtained when TBA was used as the carrier.The final acid extraction efficiency was independent of pH variations of the aqueous feed solution.The extraction of succinic acid solution with a concentration of 40 mmol·L^(-1)was improved by increasing the treat ratio 1:7-1:3,stripping phase concentration 0.5-1.5 mol·L^(-1),stirring speed 300-500 r·min^(-1)and cyclohexanone concentration in the membrane phase 1.2-1.6 mol·L^(-1).No considerable effect on the extraction rate was observed for the carrier concentration in the membrane phase.But,the surfactant concentration in the feed phase showed a dual effect on the extraction efficiency.展开更多
Sinkholes and cavities can represent serious hazards to human safety and urban infrastructures,cause roadbed subsidence,and so on.It is therefore essential to evaluate various sinkholes in different depths and sizes t...Sinkholes and cavities can represent serious hazards to human safety and urban infrastructures,cause roadbed subsidence,and so on.It is therefore essential to evaluate various sinkholes in different depths and sizes to assess the risk of collapse.This paper evaluates the effect of different cavities on Rayleigh-wave propagation and body(P)wave refraction.Rayleigh(R)wave propagation is analyzed according to the classical multi-channel analysis of surface waves(MASW)method also considering the R-wave backscattering.Synthetic seismic traces are computed by means of finite element modeling(FEM)for cavity and intrusion at different depths and sizes.Furthermore,field acquisition data is used to verify the detection effect of a cavity on R-and P-waves.The results show that the presence of backscattered R-waves and the changes in the R-wave velocity spectrum can help in cavity identification.Additional possible evidence is represented by significant changes in the refraction travel times over the cavity location.It can be concluded that the field data are in good agreement with the synthetic,and it could be effective to consider the results of both R-and P-wave analysis in order to efficiently identify the cavities.展开更多
There are a number of medicinal combinations in the Iranian traditional medicine which are commonly used as tonic for liver.In this review,we have introduced some medicinal plants that are used mainly for the treatmen...There are a number of medicinal combinations in the Iranian traditional medicine which are commonly used as tonic for liver.In this review,we have introduced some medicinal plants that are used mainly for the treatment of liver disorders in Iranian folk medicine,with focus on their hepatoprotective effects particularly against CCI_4 agent.In this study,online databases including Web of Science.PubMed.Scopus,and Science Direct were searched for papers published from January 1970 to December 2013.Search terms consisted of medicinal plants,traditional medicine,folk medicine,hepatoprotective.Iran,liver,therapeutic uses,compounds,antioxidant.CCI_4.anti-inflammatory,and antihepatotoxic,hepatitis,alone or in combination.Allium hirtifolium Boiss..Apium graveolens L..Cynara scolyinus.Berberis vulgaris L..,Calendula officinalis,Nigella sativa L..Taraxacum officinale.Tragopogon porrifolius.Prangos ferulacea L..Allium sativum,Marribium vulgare,Ammi majus L..Citrullus lanatus Thunb.Agrimonia eupatoria L.and Primus armeniaca L.are some of the medicinal plants that have been used for the treatment of liver disorders in Iranian folk medicine.Out of several leads obtained from plants containing potential hepatoprotective agents,silymarin,P-sitosterol,betalain,neoandrographolide.phyllanthin.andrographolide.curcumin.picroside.hypophyllanlhin.kutkoside,and glycyrrhizin have been demonstrated to have potent hepatoprotective properties.Despite encouraging data on possibility of new discoveries in the near future,the evidence on treating viral hepatitis or other chronic liver diseases by herbal medications is not adequate.展开更多
Thymus daenensis, a perennial herb, is often grown in areas that experience drought conditions during its growing period. Application of chitosan may compensate for the negative impact of drought stress on the yield o...Thymus daenensis, a perennial herb, is often grown in areas that experience drought conditions during its growing period. Application of chitosan may compensate for the negative impact of drought stress on the yield of oil and secondary metabolites in Thymus.The interactive effects of foliar application of chitosan and drought stress on dry matter,essential oil yield, and selected physiological characteristics including photosynthetic pigments, osmotic adjustment, and lipid peroxidation of Thymus were investigated in a two-year study from 2014 to 2015. Treatments consisted of 0, 200, and 400(iL L'1 chitosan applied to plants grown under field capacity, mild drought stress(50% field capacity), and severe drought stress(25% field capacity). Dry matter yield decreased substantially as drought stress intensified. However, essential oil content increased under stress conditions,with the highest essential oil yield obtained from plants under mild drought stress. Foliar application of chitosan compensated to some extent for dry matter and oil yield reduction of plants grown under drought stress. The highest essential oil yield(1.52 g plant-1) was obtained by application of 400 \iL L_1 chitosan under the mild stress condition in 2015 when plants were mature. The compensatory effect of chitosan in reducing the negative impact of stress conditions on dry matter and oil yield was due mainly to stimulation of osmotic adjustment through proline accumulation and reduction of lipid peroxidase level, which increased the integrity of cell membranes of thyme leaves.展开更多
DNA methyltransferases 1 (DNMT1) has been looked as crucial targets against various types of cancers. MD simulations have advanced to a point where the atomic level information of biological macromolecule (protein or ...DNA methyltransferases 1 (DNMT1) has been looked as crucial targets against various types of cancers. MD simulations have advanced to a point where the atomic level information of biological macromolecule (protein or DNA-protein or protein-protein) can easily be advantageous to predict the functionality. In this study we utilize xanthomicrol and galloyl compounds to investigate potential compounds for the inhibition of DNMT1, and the results of these two compounds are compared with drug decitabine. Xanthomicrol and galloyl are found to dock successfully within the active site of DNMT1. A comparison of the inhibitory potential of screened xanthomicrol inhibited DNMT1 approximately is identical with those of their corresponding drugs, decitabine. The stability of the DNMT1 with the best docked xanthomicrol, were further analysed in molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and compared with those of the respective drugs namely decitabine which revealed stabilization of these complexes within 300 ns of simulation with better stability of DNMT1.展开更多
The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dried powder of Calendula ojficinalis L.(marigold)flower as an antibiotic growth promoter substitute on growth performance,organ weights,and immunolog...The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dried powder of Calendula ojficinalis L.(marigold)flower as an antibiotic growth promoter substitute on growth performance,organ weights,and immunological parameters in broilers.A total of 240 mixed sex broilers(Ross 308)at 1 d of age were individually weighed and randomly assigned to 4 treatments with 4 replicates of 15 birds for 6 wk.The dietary treatments were:1)a basal diet(control);2)control plus 4.5 mg flavophospholipol/kg of diet;3)control plus 5 g marigold/kg of diet;4)control plus 10 g marigold/kg of diet.Antibody responses against Newcastle(NDV),influenza(AI)viruses,and sheep red blood cells(SRBC)were measured.Supplementing 4.5 mg flavophospholipol/kg of diet enhanced body weight(BW)of broilers at 14 and 28 d of age(P<0.05),but final BW at 42 d was not markedly affected.At 14 and 28 d of age,broilers fed diets supplemented with 10 g marigold/kg of diet had significantly lower BW compared with broilers fed the basal diet supplemented with antibiotic or 5 g marigold/kg of diet.During the starter period,broilers fed diets supplemented with antibiotic had significantly(P<0.05)better FCR compared with broilers supplemented with 10 g marigold/kg of diet,but did not differ from broilers fed the basal diet or basal diet supplemented with 5 g marigold/kg of diet.There were no significant differences in FCR between treatments,during grower,finisher phases as well as for the whole experiment.Carcass yield was significantly(P<0.05)higher in broilers supplemented with 5 g marigold/kg of diet compared with broilers in other groups.The treatments failed to induce any marked effect on immune parameters.In conclusion,the results of this experiment showed that supplementation of 5 and 10 g dried powder of marigold/kg of diet has no affirmative influence on growth performance of broilers.展开更多
Stable and non-hygroscopic silica gel supported aluminium chloride（SiO_2-AlCl_3）,which is prepared easily from cheap and commercially available compounds was found to be an environmentally friendly heterogeneous cat...Stable and non-hygroscopic silica gel supported aluminium chloride（SiO_2-AlCl_3）,which is prepared easily from cheap and commercially available compounds was found to be an environmentally friendly heterogeneous catalyst for the condensation of indole with aldehydes and ketones to afford bis-indolylmethanes at room temperature under solvent-free conditions.The catalyst can be reused up to five times after simple washing with ether.展开更多
This study deals with the comparative investigation on various classification/characterization systems for sedimentary rocks in two parts,40 kmlong of the Zagros tunnel,west of Iran.The results of extensive geotechnic...This study deals with the comparative investigation on various classification/characterization systems for sedimentary rocks in two parts,40 kmlong of the Zagros tunnel,west of Iran.The results of extensive geotechnical explorations and field measurements were applied to obtain the rock mass classification/characterization systems such as Rock Mass Rating(RMR),Rock Condition Rating(RCR),Q-system(Q),Rock Mass Number(QN),Rock Mass index(RMi),Rock Structure Rating(RSR),and Geological Strength Index(GSI)for a wide range of sedimentary rocks.A set of systems inter-relationship is proposed.Some of these correlation relations such as RMR-Q,RMR-RMi,RMi-Q,RCR,GSI-GSI(Cai)are similar to the one or more relations proposed in the previous studies,however,some of them such as RSR-RMR,RSR-Q,RCR-QN and GSI-RMR are not similar to the previous works.Joint set orientation and joint set number are more important parameters that cause weak correlation coefficients where both side classifications are not similar in considering them in calculating values.So it is proposed to find relations between any pairs of systems that both of them consider or not consider these parameters.The relations are proposed for a wide range of sedimentary rocks and can be applied for similar geological environments.展开更多
A nonlinear beam formulation is presented based on the Gurtin-Murdoch surface elasticity and the modified couple stress theory. The developed model theoretically takes into account coupled effects of the energy of sur...A nonlinear beam formulation is presented based on the Gurtin-Murdoch surface elasticity and the modified couple stress theory. The developed model theoretically takes into account coupled effects of the energy of surface layer and microstructures size- dependency. The mid-plane stretching of a beam is incorporated using von-Karman nonlinear strains. Hamilton＇s principle is used to determine the nonlinear governing equation of motion and the corresponding boundary conditions. As a case study, pull-in instability of an electromechanical nano-bridge structure is studied using the proposed formulation. The nonlinear governing equation is solved by the analytical reduced order method （ROM） as well as the numerical solution. Effects of various parameters including surface layer, size dependency, dispersion forces, and structural damping on the pull- in parameters of the nano-bridges are discussed. Comparison of the results with the literature reveals capability of the present model in demonstrating the impact of nano- scale phenomena on the pull-in threshold of the nano-bridges.展开更多
In view of the large scientific and technical interest in the microelectromechanical system(MEMS)accelerometer sensor and the limitations of capacitive,resistive piezo,and piezoelectric methods,we focus on the measure...In view of the large scientific and technical interest in the microelectromechanical system(MEMS)accelerometer sensor and the limitations of capacitive,resistive piezo,and piezoelectric methods,we focus on the measurement of the seismic mass displacement using a novel design of the all-optical sensor(AOS).The proposed AOS consists of two waveguides and a ring resonator in a two-dimensional rod-based photonic crystal(PhC)microstructure,and a holder which connects the central rod of a nanocavity to a proof mass.The photonic band structure of the AOS is calculated with the plane-wave expansion approach for TE and TM polarization modes,and the light wave propagation inside the sensor is analyzed by solving MaxwelFs equations using the finite-difference time-domain method.The results of our simulations demonstrate that the fundamental PhC has a free spectral range of about 730 nm covering the optical communication wavelength-bands.Simulations also show that the AOS has the resonant peak of 0.8 at 1.644μm,quality factor of 3288,full width at half maximum of 0.5nm,and figure of merit of 0.97.Furthermore,for the maximum 200nm nanocavity displacements in the x-or y-direction,the resonant wavelengths shift to 1.618μm and 1.547μm,respectively.We also calculate all characteristics of the nanocavity displacement in positive and negative directions of the jc-axis and y-axis.The small area of 104.35μm^(2)and short propagation time of the AOS make it an interesting sensor for various applications,especially in the vehicle navigation systems and aviation safety tools.展开更多
Iran is a country that benefits from nice nature, diverse continent, areas full of unique geological phenomena. Thus, it is necessary to study these attractions for better recognition of them. In this regard, Hormoz I...Iran is a country that benefits from nice nature, diverse continent, areas full of unique geological phenomena. Thus, it is necessary to study these attractions for better recognition of them. In this regard, Hormoz Island with valuable geoheritage, biodiversity, cultural, historical and political diversity is very important. The accumulation of these attractions and its being located in Persian Gulf strategic area made it of considerable significance in national and international communities. Hormoz Island is a spherical salt dome which is located in Hormoz strait. This Island is composed of evaporites, igneous rocks and sedimentary rocks, and sediments mainly belong to Mishan and Aghajari formations and salt, gypsum and, to a lesser extent, limestone evaporites. In sedimentary formations of Hormoz, Aouthigenic minerals such as Pyrite, Dolomite, quartz, Anhydrite, gypsum and halite are frequently seen. Mineralization of volcanic leads to formation of high temperature minerals, such as oligiste, pyroxene, amphibole and low temperature and hydrothermal minerals such as Pyrite, quartz... in the tracks of igneous rocks. This unique geodiversity in rocks and mineral which made various colors in Hormoz Island made it a mineraogical reservoir. Beside considerable mineralogical attractions, there are other potentials like ochre mine, coral reefs, rock seashore, sea caves, salt caves, plant cover and wild life which have added to various tourism capabilities of this Island and made it a unique place in the world. This paper studies Hormoz Island in terms of geological features and geotourism potentials.展开更多
In this research, the effect of precipitation hardening on the tribological behavior of the ZK60Gd/SiC composite was studied. For this purpose, ZK60Gd alloy containing with 5 and 10 wt% SiC were produced with stir cas...In this research, the effect of precipitation hardening on the tribological behavior of the ZK60Gd/SiC composite was studied. For this purpose, ZK60Gd alloy containing with 5 and 10 wt% SiC were produced with stir casting method. The microstructure characterization of the samples showed the wide distributions of Mg_(7)Zn_(3) and Gd(Mg_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)) precipitates were formed during casting. The results of hardness measurement after precipitation hardening at different temperatures showed that the hardness peck was obtained at 175 ℃. The wear tests with different loads(10, 40, 60, 90, and 120 N) and velocities(0.1, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 m/s) were performed on the as-cast and heat treated sample at 125, 175, and 225 for 12 h. Between the different precipitation hardening conditions, the precipitation hardened samples at 175 ℃ had the highest hardness values and least wear rate. The sample containing 10% reinforcement had the least wear rate between the unreinforced alloy and the composites. The results showed that abrasive, adhesive, delamination, MML, and fatigue wear mechanisms were the dominant wear mechanisms for the composite samples. In contrast, the dominant wear mechanism for the unreinforced samples was abrasive, adhesive,delamination, MML, and plastic deformation.展开更多
Objective:To determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Clostridium difficile(C.difficile) isolated from ready-to-eat foods of Iran.Methods:From January to August 2013,a total of 368 unpacked ieady-to-ea...Objective:To determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Clostridium difficile(C.difficile) isolated from ready-to-eat foods of Iran.Methods:From January to August 2013,a total of 368 unpacked ieady-to-eat food samples were purchased from randomly selected supermarkets,retail stores and restaurants located in Isfahan and Shahrekord,Iran and were evaluated for the presence of C.difficile.Results:C.difficile spores were detected in 5(1.36%) of the 368 samples.The highest prevalence of C.difficile was found in fasl salad(4.29%).followed by yogurt stew(2%),and olovyeh salad(0.93%).All 140 maccaroni salad and I'alafel sandwich samples were negative for C.difficile.One of the five C.difficile isolates(20%) contained tcdA,tcdB and cdtB toxin genes and four strains(80%) contained tcdA.and tcdB toxin genes.Also,among the five C.difficile isolates,only three strains were found to be toxigenic for toxin A and/or B by ELISA.Isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and metronidazole,but variably resistant to other antimicrobial drugs.Conclusions:This study,combined with studies on other food sources,suggests that widespread contamination of food is common.展开更多
Objective:To detect the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii(C.burnetii)in two species of snails consisted of Lymnaea palustris(L.palustris)and Pomacea canaliculata(P.canaliculata)by using nested PCR method in Chaharmahel ...Objective:To detect the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii(C.burnetii)in two species of snails consisted of Lymnaea palustris(L.palustris)and Pomacea canaliculata(P.canaliculata)by using nested PCR method in Chaharmahel Va Bakhtiari Province which is located in the southwest of Iran.Methods:A total of 160 snail samples consisted of 100 L.palustris and 60 P.canaliculata were collected from 4 rice paddy fields in the southwest of Iran between June and August 2014.Snails'DNA was extracted by a genomic DNA purification kit according to the manufacturer's instructions.Detection of the presence of C.burnetii's DNA was carried out by using a nested PCR assay with[specific primers outer membrane protein 1(OMP1)-OMP2 and OMP3-OMP4]targeting the com1 gene.Results:In this study,a total of 160 snail samples were tested and 15(9.37%)samples were found positive for C.burnetii,15 samples were positive from the L.palustris and there were no positive samples from P.canaliculata.Conclusions:Snails are kind of gastropods which seem to be harmless in life,but these small gastropods can be very dangerous for farmers,especially in humid climates.Also,C.burnetii in snails showed that this bacterium can be a factor of transmission of contamination to human beings and animals.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the effect of adding different values of polymyxin B (PMB) to bull semen on various motility parameters of post-thawed semen such as total motility, progressive motility and velocity parameters u...Objective:To evaluate the effect of adding different values of polymyxin B (PMB) to bull semen on various motility parameters of post-thawed semen such as total motility, progressive motility and velocity parameters using kinetic parameters of sperm by Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis.Methods: Gram negative bacteria release lipopolysaccharide, which induces the apoptotic pathway. Antibiotics are added to semen in order to prevent bacterial contaminations in bovine semen. These antibiotics kill the bacteria especially gram negative bacteria. Therefore, their endotoxins are released during bacteriolysis and bind to the head region and midpiece of sperm. PMB is a bactericidal antibiotic against multidrug resistant gram-negative bacteria and is able to neutralize the toxic effects of the released endotoxin. This study was performed on 3-year old Taleshi bulls. Results:The results showed both positive and negative significant effects of PMB on semen quality. Total motility and progressive motility were significantly increased (P<0.0001) by 100 μg per mL of PMB (55.2% and 48.8% respectively) against the control groups (43.5% and 37.7%, respectively). Moreover, they were significantly decreased (P<0.0001) by 1000 μg per mL of PMB (35.2% and 28.8% respectively) against the control groups (43.5% and 37.7% respectively) in above-mentioned parameters. In Computer Assisted Semen Analyzer, parameter VAP was significantly decreased (P<0.04) in 1000 μg (69.6 μm/s) against the control group (78.7 μm/s). Finally, using PMB in processing cryopreserved bull semen is advised, but before using it, the rate of endotoxins must be measured.Conclusions: We advise using PMB after measuring endotoxin concentration;In vitro,in vivoand in field fertilization, adding other sperm evaluation factors such as acrosomal integrity, DNA integrity, mitochondrial function to PMB treated semen.展开更多
The aim ,of this study was to assess the potential impact of trout farm effluents on water quality of Koohrang river （Chaharmahal va Bakhtiary province-Iran） where seven trout farms are localized and to determine th...The aim ,of this study was to assess the potential impact of trout farm effluents on water quality of Koohrang river （Chaharmahal va Bakhtiary province-Iran） where seven trout farms are localized and to determine the some physico-chemichal parameters of the farms. Monthly samples were taken from inflow, outflow and 1,500 meter lower than these farms have been measured and avaluated during 6 months. Measured physico-chemical water quality parameters were DO, BOD5, PO4, NO3, NO2, NH3, TH, PH, TDS, TSS. Monthly data were converted to mean values （-4- standard error） for comparison. Data on water quality parameters of inflow and outflow water and 1,500 meters lower than trout farms are given. Amount of outflow BOD5 in farms has significant difference with inflow water and again has been decreased in 1,500 meters, DO amount in outflow rather than inflow water decreased and in distance of 1,500 meters significant statistically increased （P 〈 0.01）. TSS amount between inflow and outflow of farms has not difference but in 1,500 meters distance has been increased （P 〈 0.01）. PH in inflow and outflow and 1,500 meters lower has not so statistical difference. TH in outflow rather than inflow has been increases and in 1,500 meters distance, its amount has been higher than outflow, too. But this difference has not been significant （P 〉 0.01）. Ammonia in farms outflow rather than inflow has been significant difference （P 〈 0.01）. In flow-through aquaculture systems like raceways and tanks, effluents are discharged to the environment with enhanced concentrations of nutrients and solids. Such effluents may have a serious negative impact on the quality of the receiving water when discharged untreated. The results of this study indicated that trout farm effluents had a impact on the water quality of Koohrang river, but in 1,500 meters distance these parameters modified and suitable for fish farming, as river self purified the environment.展开更多
The present study was to evaluate thyme and ajwain as antibiotic growth promoter substitutions on growth performance,carcass characteristics and serum biochemistry in Japanese quails(Coturnix japonica).A feeding trial...The present study was to evaluate thyme and ajwain as antibiotic growth promoter substitutions on growth performance,carcass characteristics and serum biochemistry in Japanese quails(Coturnix japonica).A feeding trial was conducted over 28 d with 4 groups of Japanese quails fed experimental diets formulated to provide no supplementation(control),or control t 55 mg zinc bacitracin/kg,2 g thyme/kg,and 2 g ajwain/kg.At 35 d of age,2 quails from each replicate were sacrificed and eviscerated.Liver,empty small intestine and heart were weighed and calculated as a percentage of live body weight.The carcasses were weighed and the cuts were performed to evaluate the yield of legs and breast.At 35 d of age,2 quails per replicate were chosen and approximately 1-m L blood samples were collected through brachial vein,and concentrations of albumin,total protein,triglyceride,total cholesterol,and high density lipoprotein(HDL)-cholesterol were determined.Final body weight were not affected by the dietary treatment whereas,it tended to increase in quails supplemented with antibiotic.Overall feed conversation ratio values were similar though it tended to improve in quails supplemented with thyme compared with other groups.Daily feed intake,internal organ weights and carcass traits were not influenced by the dietary treatments.Serum total cholesterol contents were lower(P < 0.05) in quails supplemented with ajwain compared with control and quails supplemented with antibiotic and thyme.The highest serum HDL-cholesterol was seen in the group supplemented with thyme compared with other groups.It was concluded that the addition of 2 g/kg thyme can improve serum biochemistry in quails,although its effects on performance criteria was negligible.展开更多
基金Supported by The Islamic Azad University,Shahre Kord Branch-Iran grant 89/8761
文摘AIM:To compare genotype of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) isolated from saliva,dental plaques,gastric biopsy,and stool of each patient in order to evaluate the mode of transmission of H.pylori infection.METHODS:This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 300 antral gastric biopsy,saliva,dental plaque and stool samples which were obtained from patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy referred to endoscopy centre of Hajar hospital of Shahrekord,Iran from March 2010 to February 2011.Initially,H.pylori strains were identified by rapid urease test(RUT) and polymerase chain reaction(PCR) were applied to determine the presence of H.pylori(ureC) and for genotyping of voculating cytotoxin gene A(vacA) and cytotoxin associated gene A(cagA) genesin each specimen.Finally the data were analyzed by using statistical formulas such as Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests to find any significant relationship between these genes and patient's diseases.P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant,RESULTS:Of 300 gastric biopsy samples,77.66% were confirmed to be H.pylori positive by PCR assay while this bacterium were detected in 10.72% of saliva,71.67% of stool samples.We were not able to find it in dental plaque specimens.The prevalence of H.pylori was 90.47% among patients with peptic ulcer disease(PUD),80% among patients with gastric cancer,and 74.13% among patients with none ulcer dyspepsia(NUD) by PCR assay.The evaluation of vacA and cagA genes showed 6 differences between gastric biopsy and saliva specimens and 11 differences between gastric and stool specimens.94.42% of H.pylori positive specimens were cagA positive and all samples had amplified band both for vacA s and m regions.There was significant relationship between vacA s1a/m1a and PUD diseases(P = 0.04),s2/m2 genotype and NUD diseases(P = 0.05).No statically significant relationship was found between cagA status with clinical outcomes and vacA genotypes(P = 0.65).The evaluation of vacA and cagA genes showed 6 differences between gastr
文摘Nowadays,the use of renewable energies,especially wind,solar,and biomass,is essential as an effective solution to address global environmental and economic challenges.Therefore,the current study examines the energy-economic-environmental analysis of off-grid electricity generation systems using solar panels,wind turbines,and biomass generators in various weather conditions in Iran.Simulations over 25 years were conducted using HOMER v2.81 software,aiming to determine the potential of each region and find the lowest cost of electricity production per kWh.In the end,to identify the most suitable location,the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS)method was employed to rank different stations based on simulation output parameters and some other influential factors.Considering the evaluation of various parameters,the stations in Yazd,Marand,and Dezful achieved the best results,while the stations in Ramsar,Shahrekord,and Gonbad presented the least favorable outcomes.In Yazd,the wind turbine is an economic priority,and a 100 kW wind turbine is utilized in the optimal system.In Yazd,where the simultaneous use of renewable energies is most prominent,the lowest pollutant production occurred with a quantity of 1174 kg/year.Annual energy losses are highest in Jask station and lowest in Yazd.
文摘Ochratoxin A (OTA) is among the most important mycotoxins, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies it as possibly carcinogenic to humans (group 2B). A total of 121 samples of dried fruits from the central zone of Iran were analyzed for OTA by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. The recovery percentages of OTA in spiked dried fruit samples at concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 ng/g were found to be 84.9%, 89.3% and 90.4% as mean, respectively. OTA was found in 20.7% of the analyzed samples by average concentration of 6.7 ± 3.9 ng/g. The incidence rates of OTA contamination in dried fig, raising, apricots, and date samples were 10.4%, 44.7%, 6.7% and 10.0%, respectively. The concentrations of OTA in 7.9% of contaminated dried raising samples and 2.1% of dried fig samples were higher than maximum tolerance limit accepted by European Union (10 ng/g). This value reflects that the analyzed samples have a minimal contribution to toxicological risk. To our best knowledge, the present study is the first report of the presence of OTA by ELISA in dried fruit samples in Iran.
文摘The aim of this study was to design a new emulsion liquid membrane(ELM)system for the separation of succinic acid from aqueous solutions.The concentration of succinic acid varied from 20 to 60 mmol·L^(-1).The prepared ELM system includes tributylamine(TBA)as a carrier,commercial kerosene as a solvent,Span 80 as a surfactant,and Na2CO3as a stripping agent.In order to control the membrane swelling,different values of cyclohexanone were added to the membrane phase.The effect of various empirical variables on the extraction of the succinic acid such as acid concentration in the feed solution,initial feed concentration,carrier concentration,the stirring speed of the extraction,Na2CO3,surfactant,and cyclohexanone concentrations,and treat ratio in the ELM system.The best result was obtained when TBA was used as the carrier.The final acid extraction efficiency was independent of pH variations of the aqueous feed solution.The extraction of succinic acid solution with a concentration of 40 mmol·L^(-1)was improved by increasing the treat ratio 1:7-1:3,stripping phase concentration 0.5-1.5 mol·L^(-1),stirring speed 300-500 r·min^(-1)and cyclohexanone concentration in the membrane phase 1.2-1.6 mol·L^(-1).No considerable effect on the extraction rate was observed for the carrier concentration in the membrane phase.But,the surfactant concentration in the feed phase showed a dual effect on the extraction efficiency.
文摘Sinkholes and cavities can represent serious hazards to human safety and urban infrastructures,cause roadbed subsidence,and so on.It is therefore essential to evaluate various sinkholes in different depths and sizes to assess the risk of collapse.This paper evaluates the effect of different cavities on Rayleigh-wave propagation and body(P)wave refraction.Rayleigh(R)wave propagation is analyzed according to the classical multi-channel analysis of surface waves(MASW)method also considering the R-wave backscattering.Synthetic seismic traces are computed by means of finite element modeling(FEM)for cavity and intrusion at different depths and sizes.Furthermore,field acquisition data is used to verify the detection effect of a cavity on R-and P-waves.The results show that the presence of backscattered R-waves and the changes in the R-wave velocity spectrum can help in cavity identification.Additional possible evidence is represented by significant changes in the refraction travel times over the cavity location.It can be concluded that the field data are in good agreement with the synthetic,and it could be effective to consider the results of both R-and P-wave analysis in order to efficiently identify the cavities.
基金Supported by Deputy of Research and Technology of Shahrckord University of Medical Sciences(Grant No.2132-75)
文摘There are a number of medicinal combinations in the Iranian traditional medicine which are commonly used as tonic for liver.In this review,we have introduced some medicinal plants that are used mainly for the treatment of liver disorders in Iranian folk medicine,with focus on their hepatoprotective effects particularly against CCI_4 agent.In this study,online databases including Web of Science.PubMed.Scopus,and Science Direct were searched for papers published from January 1970 to December 2013.Search terms consisted of medicinal plants,traditional medicine,folk medicine,hepatoprotective.Iran,liver,therapeutic uses,compounds,antioxidant.CCI_4.anti-inflammatory,and antihepatotoxic,hepatitis,alone or in combination.Allium hirtifolium Boiss..Apium graveolens L..Cynara scolyinus.Berberis vulgaris L..,Calendula officinalis,Nigella sativa L..Taraxacum officinale.Tragopogon porrifolius.Prangos ferulacea L..Allium sativum,Marribium vulgare,Ammi majus L..Citrullus lanatus Thunb.Agrimonia eupatoria L.and Primus armeniaca L.are some of the medicinal plants that have been used for the treatment of liver disorders in Iranian folk medicine.Out of several leads obtained from plants containing potential hepatoprotective agents,silymarin,P-sitosterol,betalain,neoandrographolide.phyllanthin.andrographolide.curcumin.picroside.hypophyllanlhin.kutkoside,and glycyrrhizin have been demonstrated to have potent hepatoprotective properties.Despite encouraging data on possibility of new discoveries in the near future,the evidence on treating viral hepatitis or other chronic liver diseases by herbal medications is not adequate.
基金support from the University of Massachusetts Amherst
文摘Thymus daenensis, a perennial herb, is often grown in areas that experience drought conditions during its growing period. Application of chitosan may compensate for the negative impact of drought stress on the yield of oil and secondary metabolites in Thymus.The interactive effects of foliar application of chitosan and drought stress on dry matter,essential oil yield, and selected physiological characteristics including photosynthetic pigments, osmotic adjustment, and lipid peroxidation of Thymus were investigated in a two-year study from 2014 to 2015. Treatments consisted of 0, 200, and 400(iL L'1 chitosan applied to plants grown under field capacity, mild drought stress(50% field capacity), and severe drought stress(25% field capacity). Dry matter yield decreased substantially as drought stress intensified. However, essential oil content increased under stress conditions,with the highest essential oil yield obtained from plants under mild drought stress. Foliar application of chitosan compensated to some extent for dry matter and oil yield reduction of plants grown under drought stress. The highest essential oil yield(1.52 g plant-1) was obtained by application of 400 \iL L_1 chitosan under the mild stress condition in 2015 when plants were mature. The compensatory effect of chitosan in reducing the negative impact of stress conditions on dry matter and oil yield was due mainly to stimulation of osmotic adjustment through proline accumulation and reduction of lipid peroxidase level, which increased the integrity of cell membranes of thyme leaves.
文摘DNA methyltransferases 1 (DNMT1) has been looked as crucial targets against various types of cancers. MD simulations have advanced to a point where the atomic level information of biological macromolecule (protein or DNA-protein or protein-protein) can easily be advantageous to predict the functionality. In this study we utilize xanthomicrol and galloyl compounds to investigate potential compounds for the inhibition of DNMT1, and the results of these two compounds are compared with drug decitabine. Xanthomicrol and galloyl are found to dock successfully within the active site of DNMT1. A comparison of the inhibitory potential of screened xanthomicrol inhibited DNMT1 approximately is identical with those of their corresponding drugs, decitabine. The stability of the DNMT1 with the best docked xanthomicrol, were further analysed in molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and compared with those of the respective drugs namely decitabine which revealed stabilization of these complexes within 300 ns of simulation with better stability of DNMT1.
基金supported by Islamic Azad University,Khorasgan Branch,Iran,and resulted from M.Sc thesis of Marjan Foroutankhah
文摘The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dried powder of Calendula ojficinalis L.(marigold)flower as an antibiotic growth promoter substitute on growth performance,organ weights,and immunological parameters in broilers.A total of 240 mixed sex broilers(Ross 308)at 1 d of age were individually weighed and randomly assigned to 4 treatments with 4 replicates of 15 birds for 6 wk.The dietary treatments were:1)a basal diet(control);2)control plus 4.5 mg flavophospholipol/kg of diet;3)control plus 5 g marigold/kg of diet;4)control plus 10 g marigold/kg of diet.Antibody responses against Newcastle(NDV),influenza(AI)viruses,and sheep red blood cells(SRBC)were measured.Supplementing 4.5 mg flavophospholipol/kg of diet enhanced body weight(BW)of broilers at 14 and 28 d of age(P<0.05),but final BW at 42 d was not markedly affected.At 14 and 28 d of age,broilers fed diets supplemented with 10 g marigold/kg of diet had significantly lower BW compared with broilers fed the basal diet supplemented with antibiotic or 5 g marigold/kg of diet.During the starter period,broilers fed diets supplemented with antibiotic had significantly(P<0.05)better FCR compared with broilers supplemented with 10 g marigold/kg of diet,but did not differ from broilers fed the basal diet or basal diet supplemented with 5 g marigold/kg of diet.There were no significant differences in FCR between treatments,during grower,finisher phases as well as for the whole experiment.Carcass yield was significantly(P<0.05)higher in broilers supplemented with 5 g marigold/kg of diet compared with broilers in other groups.The treatments failed to induce any marked effect on immune parameters.In conclusion,the results of this experiment showed that supplementation of 5 and 10 g dried powder of marigold/kg of diet has no affirmative influence on growth performance of broilers.
基金the partial support of this study by the Shahrekord University and the Islamic Azad University,Shahr-e-Rey branch Research Council
文摘Stable and non-hygroscopic silica gel supported aluminium chloride（SiO_2-AlCl_3）,which is prepared easily from cheap and commercially available compounds was found to be an environmentally friendly heterogeneous catalyst for the condensation of indole with aldehydes and ketones to afford bis-indolylmethanes at room temperature under solvent-free conditions.The catalyst can be reused up to five times after simple washing with ether.
文摘This study deals with the comparative investigation on various classification/characterization systems for sedimentary rocks in two parts,40 kmlong of the Zagros tunnel,west of Iran.The results of extensive geotechnical explorations and field measurements were applied to obtain the rock mass classification/characterization systems such as Rock Mass Rating(RMR),Rock Condition Rating(RCR),Q-system(Q),Rock Mass Number(QN),Rock Mass index(RMi),Rock Structure Rating(RSR),and Geological Strength Index(GSI)for a wide range of sedimentary rocks.A set of systems inter-relationship is proposed.Some of these correlation relations such as RMR-Q,RMR-RMi,RMi-Q,RCR,GSI-GSI(Cai)are similar to the one or more relations proposed in the previous studies,however,some of them such as RSR-RMR,RSR-Q,RCR-QN and GSI-RMR are not similar to the previous works.Joint set orientation and joint set number are more important parameters that cause weak correlation coefficients where both side classifications are not similar in considering them in calculating values.So it is proposed to find relations between any pairs of systems that both of them consider or not consider these parameters.The relations are proposed for a wide range of sedimentary rocks and can be applied for similar geological environments.
文摘A nonlinear beam formulation is presented based on the Gurtin-Murdoch surface elasticity and the modified couple stress theory. The developed model theoretically takes into account coupled effects of the energy of surface layer and microstructures size- dependency. The mid-plane stretching of a beam is incorporated using von-Karman nonlinear strains. Hamilton＇s principle is used to determine the nonlinear governing equation of motion and the corresponding boundary conditions. As a case study, pull-in instability of an electromechanical nano-bridge structure is studied using the proposed formulation. The nonlinear governing equation is solved by the analytical reduced order method （ROM） as well as the numerical solution. Effects of various parameters including surface layer, size dependency, dispersion forces, and structural damping on the pull- in parameters of the nano-bridges are discussed. Comparison of the results with the literature reveals capability of the present model in demonstrating the impact of nano- scale phenomena on the pull-in threshold of the nano-bridges.
文摘In view of the large scientific and technical interest in the microelectromechanical system(MEMS)accelerometer sensor and the limitations of capacitive,resistive piezo,and piezoelectric methods,we focus on the measurement of the seismic mass displacement using a novel design of the all-optical sensor(AOS).The proposed AOS consists of two waveguides and a ring resonator in a two-dimensional rod-based photonic crystal(PhC)microstructure,and a holder which connects the central rod of a nanocavity to a proof mass.The photonic band structure of the AOS is calculated with the plane-wave expansion approach for TE and TM polarization modes,and the light wave propagation inside the sensor is analyzed by solving MaxwelFs equations using the finite-difference time-domain method.The results of our simulations demonstrate that the fundamental PhC has a free spectral range of about 730 nm covering the optical communication wavelength-bands.Simulations also show that the AOS has the resonant peak of 0.8 at 1.644μm,quality factor of 3288,full width at half maximum of 0.5nm,and figure of merit of 0.97.Furthermore,for the maximum 200nm nanocavity displacements in the x-or y-direction,the resonant wavelengths shift to 1.618μm and 1.547μm,respectively.We also calculate all characteristics of the nanocavity displacement in positive and negative directions of the jc-axis and y-axis.The small area of 104.35μm^(2)and short propagation time of the AOS make it an interesting sensor for various applications,especially in the vehicle navigation systems and aviation safety tools.
文摘Iran is a country that benefits from nice nature, diverse continent, areas full of unique geological phenomena. Thus, it is necessary to study these attractions for better recognition of them. In this regard, Hormoz Island with valuable geoheritage, biodiversity, cultural, historical and political diversity is very important. The accumulation of these attractions and its being located in Persian Gulf strategic area made it of considerable significance in national and international communities. Hormoz Island is a spherical salt dome which is located in Hormoz strait. This Island is composed of evaporites, igneous rocks and sedimentary rocks, and sediments mainly belong to Mishan and Aghajari formations and salt, gypsum and, to a lesser extent, limestone evaporites. In sedimentary formations of Hormoz, Aouthigenic minerals such as Pyrite, Dolomite, quartz, Anhydrite, gypsum and halite are frequently seen. Mineralization of volcanic leads to formation of high temperature minerals, such as oligiste, pyroxene, amphibole and low temperature and hydrothermal minerals such as Pyrite, quartz... in the tracks of igneous rocks. This unique geodiversity in rocks and mineral which made various colors in Hormoz Island made it a mineraogical reservoir. Beside considerable mineralogical attractions, there are other potentials like ochre mine, coral reefs, rock seashore, sea caves, salt caves, plant cover and wild life which have added to various tourism capabilities of this Island and made it a unique place in the world. This paper studies Hormoz Island in terms of geological features and geotourism potentials.
文摘In this research, the effect of precipitation hardening on the tribological behavior of the ZK60Gd/SiC composite was studied. For this purpose, ZK60Gd alloy containing with 5 and 10 wt% SiC were produced with stir casting method. The microstructure characterization of the samples showed the wide distributions of Mg_(7)Zn_(3) and Gd(Mg_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)) precipitates were formed during casting. The results of hardness measurement after precipitation hardening at different temperatures showed that the hardness peck was obtained at 175 ℃. The wear tests with different loads(10, 40, 60, 90, and 120 N) and velocities(0.1, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 m/s) were performed on the as-cast and heat treated sample at 125, 175, and 225 for 12 h. Between the different precipitation hardening conditions, the precipitation hardened samples at 175 ℃ had the highest hardness values and least wear rate. The sample containing 10% reinforcement had the least wear rate between the unreinforced alloy and the composites. The results showed that abrasive, adhesive, delamination, MML, and fatigue wear mechanisms were the dominant wear mechanisms for the composite samples. In contrast, the dominant wear mechanism for the unreinforced samples was abrasive, adhesive,delamination, MML, and plastic deformation.
基金Supported by Islamic Arad University,Shahrekord Branch,Iran(Grant No.3524)
文摘Objective:To determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Clostridium difficile(C.difficile) isolated from ready-to-eat foods of Iran.Methods:From January to August 2013,a total of 368 unpacked ieady-to-eat food samples were purchased from randomly selected supermarkets,retail stores and restaurants located in Isfahan and Shahrekord,Iran and were evaluated for the presence of C.difficile.Results:C.difficile spores were detected in 5(1.36%) of the 368 samples.The highest prevalence of C.difficile was found in fasl salad(4.29%).followed by yogurt stew(2%),and olovyeh salad(0.93%).All 140 maccaroni salad and I'alafel sandwich samples were negative for C.difficile.One of the five C.difficile isolates(20%) contained tcdA,tcdB and cdtB toxin genes and four strains(80%) contained tcdA.and tcdB toxin genes.Also,among the five C.difficile isolates,only three strains were found to be toxigenic for toxin A and/or B by ELISA.Isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and metronidazole,but variably resistant to other antimicrobial drugs.Conclusions:This study,combined with studies on other food sources,suggests that widespread contamination of food is common.
基金Supported by Islamic Azad University,Shahrekord Branch,Shahrekord,Iran,(Grant No.17621105).
文摘Objective:To detect the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii(C.burnetii)in two species of snails consisted of Lymnaea palustris(L.palustris)and Pomacea canaliculata(P.canaliculata)by using nested PCR method in Chaharmahel Va Bakhtiari Province which is located in the southwest of Iran.Methods:A total of 160 snail samples consisted of 100 L.palustris and 60 P.canaliculata were collected from 4 rice paddy fields in the southwest of Iran between June and August 2014.Snails'DNA was extracted by a genomic DNA purification kit according to the manufacturer's instructions.Detection of the presence of C.burnetii's DNA was carried out by using a nested PCR assay with[specific primers outer membrane protein 1(OMP1)-OMP2 and OMP3-OMP4]targeting the com1 gene.Results:In this study,a total of 160 snail samples were tested and 15(9.37%)samples were found positive for C.burnetii,15 samples were positive from the L.palustris and there were no positive samples from P.canaliculata.Conclusions:Snails are kind of gastropods which seem to be harmless in life,but these small gastropods can be very dangerous for farmers,especially in humid climates.Also,C.burnetii in snails showed that this bacterium can be a factor of transmission of contamination to human beings and animals.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the effect of adding different values of polymyxin B (PMB) to bull semen on various motility parameters of post-thawed semen such as total motility, progressive motility and velocity parameters using kinetic parameters of sperm by Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis.Methods: Gram negative bacteria release lipopolysaccharide, which induces the apoptotic pathway. Antibiotics are added to semen in order to prevent bacterial contaminations in bovine semen. These antibiotics kill the bacteria especially gram negative bacteria. Therefore, their endotoxins are released during bacteriolysis and bind to the head region and midpiece of sperm. PMB is a bactericidal antibiotic against multidrug resistant gram-negative bacteria and is able to neutralize the toxic effects of the released endotoxin. This study was performed on 3-year old Taleshi bulls. Results:The results showed both positive and negative significant effects of PMB on semen quality. Total motility and progressive motility were significantly increased (P<0.0001) by 100 μg per mL of PMB (55.2% and 48.8% respectively) against the control groups (43.5% and 37.7%, respectively). Moreover, they were significantly decreased (P<0.0001) by 1000 μg per mL of PMB (35.2% and 28.8% respectively) against the control groups (43.5% and 37.7% respectively) in above-mentioned parameters. In Computer Assisted Semen Analyzer, parameter VAP was significantly decreased (P<0.04) in 1000 μg (69.6 μm/s) against the control group (78.7 μm/s). Finally, using PMB in processing cryopreserved bull semen is advised, but before using it, the rate of endotoxins must be measured.Conclusions: We advise using PMB after measuring endotoxin concentration;In vitro,in vivoand in field fertilization, adding other sperm evaluation factors such as acrosomal integrity, DNA integrity, mitochondrial function to PMB treated semen.
文摘The aim ,of this study was to assess the potential impact of trout farm effluents on water quality of Koohrang river （Chaharmahal va Bakhtiary province-Iran） where seven trout farms are localized and to determine the some physico-chemichal parameters of the farms. Monthly samples were taken from inflow, outflow and 1,500 meter lower than these farms have been measured and avaluated during 6 months. Measured physico-chemical water quality parameters were DO, BOD5, PO4, NO3, NO2, NH3, TH, PH, TDS, TSS. Monthly data were converted to mean values （-4- standard error） for comparison. Data on water quality parameters of inflow and outflow water and 1,500 meters lower than trout farms are given. Amount of outflow BOD5 in farms has significant difference with inflow water and again has been decreased in 1,500 meters, DO amount in outflow rather than inflow water decreased and in distance of 1,500 meters significant statistically increased （P 〈 0.01）. TSS amount between inflow and outflow of farms has not difference but in 1,500 meters distance has been increased （P 〈 0.01）. PH in inflow and outflow and 1,500 meters lower has not so statistical difference. TH in outflow rather than inflow has been increases and in 1,500 meters distance, its amount has been higher than outflow, too. But this difference has not been significant （P 〉 0.01）. Ammonia in farms outflow rather than inflow has been significant difference （P 〈 0.01）. In flow-through aquaculture systems like raceways and tanks, effluents are discharged to the environment with enhanced concentrations of nutrients and solids. Such effluents may have a serious negative impact on the quality of the receiving water when discharged untreated. The results of this study indicated that trout farm effluents had a impact on the water quality of Koohrang river, but in 1,500 meters distance these parameters modified and suitable for fish farming, as river self purified the environment.
基金supported by Islamic Azad University,Shahrekord Branch (grant number:2014/04)
文摘The present study was to evaluate thyme and ajwain as antibiotic growth promoter substitutions on growth performance,carcass characteristics and serum biochemistry in Japanese quails(Coturnix japonica).A feeding trial was conducted over 28 d with 4 groups of Japanese quails fed experimental diets formulated to provide no supplementation(control),or control t 55 mg zinc bacitracin/kg,2 g thyme/kg,and 2 g ajwain/kg.At 35 d of age,2 quails from each replicate were sacrificed and eviscerated.Liver,empty small intestine and heart were weighed and calculated as a percentage of live body weight.The carcasses were weighed and the cuts were performed to evaluate the yield of legs and breast.At 35 d of age,2 quails per replicate were chosen and approximately 1-m L blood samples were collected through brachial vein,and concentrations of albumin,total protein,triglyceride,total cholesterol,and high density lipoprotein(HDL)-cholesterol were determined.Final body weight were not affected by the dietary treatment whereas,it tended to increase in quails supplemented with antibiotic.Overall feed conversation ratio values were similar though it tended to improve in quails supplemented with thyme compared with other groups.Daily feed intake,internal organ weights and carcass traits were not influenced by the dietary treatments.Serum total cholesterol contents were lower(P < 0.05) in quails supplemented with ajwain compared with control and quails supplemented with antibiotic and thyme.The highest serum HDL-cholesterol was seen in the group supplemented with thyme compared with other groups.It was concluded that the addition of 2 g/kg thyme can improve serum biochemistry in quails,although its effects on performance criteria was negligible.
