This paper is a compilation of notes on 142 fungal taxa,including five new families,20 new genera,and 100 new species,representing a wide taxonomic and geographic range.The new families,Ascocylindricaceae,Caryosporace...This paper is a compilation of notes on 142 fungal taxa,including five new families,20 new genera,and 100 new species,representing a wide taxonomic and geographic range.The new families,Ascocylindricaceae,Caryosporaceae and Wicklowiaceae(Ascomycota)are introduced based on their distinct lineages and unique morphology.The new Dothideomycete genera Pseudomassariosphaeria(Amniculicolaceae),Heracleicola,Neodidymella and Pseudomicrosphaeriopsis(Didymellaceae),Pseudopithomyces(Didymosphaeriaceae),Brunneoclavispora,Neolophiostoma and Sulcosporium(Halotthiaceae),Lophiohelichrysum(Lophiostomataceae),Galliicola,Populocrescentia and Vagicola(Phaeosphaeriaceae),Ascocylindrica(Ascocylindricaceae),Elongatopedicellata(Roussoellaceae),Pseudoasteromassaria(Latoruaceae)and Pseudomonodictys(Macrodiplodiopsidaceae)are introduced.The newly described species of Dothideomycetes(Ascomycota)are Pseudomassariosphaeria bromicola(Amniculicolaceae),Flammeascoma lignicola(Anteagloniaceae),Ascocylindrica marina(Ascocylindricaceae),Lembosia xyliae(Asterinaceae),Diplodia crataegicola and Diplodia galiicola(Botryosphaeriaceae),Caryospora aquatica(Caryosporaceae),Heracleicola premilcurensis and Neodidymella thailandicum(Didymellaceae),Pseudopithomyces palmicola(Didymosphaeriaceae),Floricola viticola(Floricolaceae),Brunneoclavispora bambusae,Neolophiostoma pigmentatum and Sulcosporium thailandica(Halotthiaceae),Pseudoasteromassaria fagi(Latoruaceae),Keissleriella dactylidicola(Lentitheciaceae),Lophiohelichrysum helichrysi(Lophiostomataceae),Aquasubmersa japonica(Lophiotremataceae),Pseudomonodictys tectonae(Macrodiplodiopsidaceae),Microthyrium buxicola and Tumidispora shoreae(Microthyriaceae),Alloleptosphaeria clematidis,Allophaeosphaeria cytisi,Allophaeosphaeria subcylindrospora,Dematiopleospora luzulae,Entodesmium artemisiae,Galiicola pseudophaeosphaeria,Loratospora luzulae,Nodulosphaeria senecionis,Ophiosphaerella aquaticus,Populocrescentia forlicesenensis and Vagicola vagans(Phaeosphaeriaceae),Elongatopedicellata lignicola,Roussoella magnatum an展开更多
Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)have long been associated with a spectrum of disease outcomes in the gastroduodenal system.Heterogeneity in bacterial virulence factors or strains is not enough to explain the divergent di...Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)have long been associated with a spectrum of disease outcomes in the gastroduodenal system.Heterogeneity in bacterial virulence factors or strains is not enough to explain the divergent disease phenotypes manifested by the infection.This review focuses on host genetic factors that are involved during infection and eventually are thought to influence the disease phenotype.We have summarizedthe different host genes that have been investigated for association studies in H.pylori mediated duodenal ulcer or gastric cancer.We discuss that as the bacteria co-evolved with the host;these host gene also show much variation across different ethnic population.We illustrate the allelic distribution of interleukin-1B,across different population which is one of the most popular candidate gene studied with respect to H.pylori infections.Further,we highlight that several polymorphisms in the pathway gene can by itself or collectively affect the acid secretion pathway axis(gastrin:somatostatin)thereby resulting in a spectrum of disease展开更多
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)in 2019 prompted scientific,medical,and biotech communities to investigate infection-and vaccine-induced immune responses in the context of t...The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)in 2019 prompted scientific,medical,and biotech communities to investigate infection-and vaccine-induced immune responses in the context of this pathogen.B-cell and antibody responses are at the center of these investigations,as neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)are an important correlate of protection(COP)from infection and the primary target of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine modalities.In addition to absolute levels,nAb longevity,neutralization breadth,immunoglobulin isotype and subtype composition,and presence at mucosal sites have become important topics for scientists and health policy makers.The recent pandemic was and still is a unique setting in which to study de novo and memory B-cell(MBC)and antibody responses in the dynamic interplay of infection-and vaccine-induced immunity.It also provided an opportunity to explore new vaccine platforms,such as mRNA or adenoviral vector vaccines,in unprecedented cohort sizes.Combined with the technological advances of recent years,this situation has provided detailed mechanistic insights into the development of B-cell and antibody responses but also revealed some unexpected findings.In this review,we summarize the key findings of the last 2.5 years regarding infection-and vaccine-induced B-cell immunity,which we believe are of significant value not only in the context of SARS-CoV-2 but also for future vaccination approaches in endemic and pandemic settings.展开更多
Dear Editor,Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)is a common malignancy in East and Southeast Asia,especially in South China.The etiology of NPC has been linked to genetic susceptibility,Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)infection,and e...Dear Editor,Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)is a common malignancy in East and Southeast Asia,especially in South China.The etiology of NPC has been linked to genetic susceptibility,Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)infection,and environmental factors.Accumulated evidence including multiple genome-wide association studies(GWASs)has revealed robust genetic predisposition of NPC.However,GWAS-identified genetic variants collectively account for only 8.2%of NPC heritability[1].The underlying inherited predisposition is largely undetermined.The strongest genetic signal for NPC consistently hits the human leukocyte antigen(HLA)region on 6p21[2].However,the highly polymorphic nature and complicated long-range linkage disequilibrium(LD)in the HLA region particularly obscure the causal variants driving the association.In addition,most genetic variants located in introns or intergenic regions.The causal genes mediating genetic effects on NPC risk have rarely been ascertained by GWAS alone.展开更多
Over the past 70 years,the world has witnessed extraordinary growth in crop productivity,enabled by a suite of technological advances,including higher yielding crop varieties,improved farm management,synthetic agroche...Over the past 70 years,the world has witnessed extraordinary growth in crop productivity,enabled by a suite of technological advances,including higher yielding crop varieties,improved farm management,synthetic agrochemicals,and agricultural mechanization.While this"Green Revolution"intensified crop production,and is credited with reducing famine and malnutrition,its benefits were accompanied by several undesirable collateral effects(Pingali,2012).These include a narrowing of agricultural biodiversity,stemming from increased monoculture and greater reliance on a smaller number of crops and crop varieties for the majority of our calories.This reduction in diversity has created vulnerabilities to pest and disease epidemics,climate variation,and ultimately to human health(Harlan,1972).展开更多
Aberrant angiogenesis is implicated in diseases affecting nearly 10%of the world’s population.The most widely used antiangiogenic drug is bevacizumab,a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that targets human VEGFA.Alth...Aberrant angiogenesis is implicated in diseases affecting nearly 10%of the world’s population.The most widely used antiangiogenic drug is bevacizumab,a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that targets human VEGFA.Although bevacizumab does not recognize mouse Vegfa,it inhibits angiogenesis in mice.Here we show bevacizumab suppressed angiogenesis in three mouse models not via Vegfa blockade but rather Fc-mediated signaling through FcγRI(CD64)and c-Cbl,impairing macrophage migration.Other approved humanized or human IgG1 antibodies without mouse targets(adalimumab,alemtuzumab,ofatumumab,omalizumab,palivizumab and tocilizumab),mouse IgG2a,and overexpression of human IgG1-Fc or mouse IgG2a-Fc,also inhibited angiogenesis in wild-type and FcγR humanized mice.This anti-angiogenic effect was abolished by Fcgr1 ablation or knockdown,Fc cleavage,IgG-Fc inhibition,disruption of Fc-FcγR interaction,or elimination of FcRγ-initated signaling.Furthermore,bevacizumab’s Fc region potentiated its anti-angiogenic activity in humanized VEGFA mice.Finally,mice deficient in FcγRI exhibited increased developmental and pathological angiogenesis.These findings reveal an unexpected anti-angiogenic function for FcγRI and a potentially concerning off-target effect of hIgG1 therapies.展开更多
Staphylococcus aureus is a common human bacterium that sometimes becomes pathogenic,causing serious infections.A key feature of S.aureus is its ability to acquire resistance to antibiotics.The presence of the staphylo...Staphylococcus aureus is a common human bacterium that sometimes becomes pathogenic,causing serious infections.A key feature of S.aureus is its ability to acquire resistance to antibiotics.The presence of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome(SCC) element in serotypes of S.aureus has been confirmed using multiplex PCR assays.The SCC element is the only vector known to carry the mecA gene,which encodes methicillin resistance in S.aureus infections.Here,we report the genome sequence of a novel methicillin-sensitive S.aureus(MSSA) strain:SCC-like MSSA463.This strain was originally erroneously serotyped as methicillin-resistant S.aureus in a clinical laboratory using multiplex PCR methods.We sequenced the genome of SCC-like MSSA463 using pyrosequencing techniques and compared it with known genome sequences of other S.aureus isolates.An open reading frame(CZ049;AB037671) was identified downstream of attL and attR inverted repeat sequences.Our results suggest that a lateral gene transfer occurred between S.aureus and other organisms,partially changing S.aureus infectivity.We propose that attL and attR inverted repeats in S.aureus serve as frequent insertion sites for exogenous genes.展开更多
Background:Populations of French Polynesia(FP),where France performed atmospheric tests between 1966 and 1974,experience a high incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer(DTC).However,up to now,no sufficiently large s...Background:Populations of French Polynesia(FP),where France performed atmospheric tests between 1966 and 1974,experience a high incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer(DTC).However,up to now,no sufficiently large study of DTC genetic factors in this population has been performed to reach definitive conclusion.This research aimed to analyze the genetic factors of DTC risk among the native FP populations.Methods:We analyzed more than 300000 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)genotyped in 283 DTC cases and 418 matched controls born in FP,most being younger than 15 years old at the time of the first nuclear tests.We analyzed the genetic profile of our cohort to identify population subgroups.We then completed a genome-wide analysis study on the whole population.Results:We identified a specific genetic structure in the FP population reflecting admixture from Asian and European populations.We identified three regions associated with increased DTC risk at 6q24.3,10p12.2,and 17q21.32.The lead SNPs at these loci showed respective p-values of 1.66×10^(−7),2.39×10^(−7),and 7.19×10^(−7) and corresponding odds ratios of 2.02,1.89,and 2.37.Conclusion:Our study results suggest a role of the loci 6q24.3,10p12.2 and 17q21.32 in DTC risk.However,a whole genome sequencing approach would be better suited to characterize these factors than genotyping with microarray chip designed for the Caucasian population.Moreover,the functional impact of these three new loci needs to be further explored and validated.展开更多
文摘This paper is a compilation of notes on 142 fungal taxa,including five new families,20 new genera,and 100 new species,representing a wide taxonomic and geographic range.The new families,Ascocylindricaceae,Caryosporaceae and Wicklowiaceae(Ascomycota)are introduced based on their distinct lineages and unique morphology.The new Dothideomycete genera Pseudomassariosphaeria(Amniculicolaceae),Heracleicola,Neodidymella and Pseudomicrosphaeriopsis(Didymellaceae),Pseudopithomyces(Didymosphaeriaceae),Brunneoclavispora,Neolophiostoma and Sulcosporium(Halotthiaceae),Lophiohelichrysum(Lophiostomataceae),Galliicola,Populocrescentia and Vagicola(Phaeosphaeriaceae),Ascocylindrica(Ascocylindricaceae),Elongatopedicellata(Roussoellaceae),Pseudoasteromassaria(Latoruaceae)and Pseudomonodictys(Macrodiplodiopsidaceae)are introduced.The newly described species of Dothideomycetes(Ascomycota)are Pseudomassariosphaeria bromicola(Amniculicolaceae),Flammeascoma lignicola(Anteagloniaceae),Ascocylindrica marina(Ascocylindricaceae),Lembosia xyliae(Asterinaceae),Diplodia crataegicola and Diplodia galiicola(Botryosphaeriaceae),Caryospora aquatica(Caryosporaceae),Heracleicola premilcurensis and Neodidymella thailandicum(Didymellaceae),Pseudopithomyces palmicola(Didymosphaeriaceae),Floricola viticola(Floricolaceae),Brunneoclavispora bambusae,Neolophiostoma pigmentatum and Sulcosporium thailandica(Halotthiaceae),Pseudoasteromassaria fagi(Latoruaceae),Keissleriella dactylidicola(Lentitheciaceae),Lophiohelichrysum helichrysi(Lophiostomataceae),Aquasubmersa japonica(Lophiotremataceae),Pseudomonodictys tectonae(Macrodiplodiopsidaceae),Microthyrium buxicola and Tumidispora shoreae(Microthyriaceae),Alloleptosphaeria clematidis,Allophaeosphaeria cytisi,Allophaeosphaeria subcylindrospora,Dematiopleospora luzulae,Entodesmium artemisiae,Galiicola pseudophaeosphaeria,Loratospora luzulae,Nodulosphaeria senecionis,Ophiosphaerella aquaticus,Populocrescentia forlicesenensis and Vagicola vagans(Phaeosphaeriaceae),Elongatopedicellata lignicola,Roussoella magnatum an
文摘Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)have long been associated with a spectrum of disease outcomes in the gastroduodenal system.Heterogeneity in bacterial virulence factors or strains is not enough to explain the divergent disease phenotypes manifested by the infection.This review focuses on host genetic factors that are involved during infection and eventually are thought to influence the disease phenotype.We have summarizedthe different host genes that have been investigated for association studies in H.pylori mediated duodenal ulcer or gastric cancer.We discuss that as the bacteria co-evolved with the host;these host gene also show much variation across different ethnic population.We illustrate the allelic distribution of interleukin-1B,across different population which is one of the most popular candidate gene studied with respect to H.pylori infections.Further,we highlight that several polymorphisms in the pathway gene can by itself or collectively affect the acid secretion pathway axis(gastrin:somatostatin)thereby resulting in a spectrum of disease
基金Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(German Research Foundation)-Projektnummer 215346292[Winkler]Bavarian consortium for research on the pandemic disease COVID-19(FOR-COVID)[Tenbusch].
文摘The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)in 2019 prompted scientific,medical,and biotech communities to investigate infection-and vaccine-induced immune responses in the context of this pathogen.B-cell and antibody responses are at the center of these investigations,as neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)are an important correlate of protection(COP)from infection and the primary target of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine modalities.In addition to absolute levels,nAb longevity,neutralization breadth,immunoglobulin isotype and subtype composition,and presence at mucosal sites have become important topics for scientists and health policy makers.The recent pandemic was and still is a unique setting in which to study de novo and memory B-cell(MBC)and antibody responses in the dynamic interplay of infection-and vaccine-induced immunity.It also provided an opportunity to explore new vaccine platforms,such as mRNA or adenoviral vector vaccines,in unprecedented cohort sizes.Combined with the technological advances of recent years,this situation has provided detailed mechanistic insights into the development of B-cell and antibody responses but also revealed some unexpected findings.In this review,we summarize the key findings of the last 2.5 years regarding infection-and vaccine-induced B-cell immunity,which we believe are of significant value not only in the context of SARS-CoV-2 but also for future vaccination approaches in endemic and pandemic settings.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2500400)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(2021B1515420007)+4 种基金Sino-Sweden Joint Research Programme(81861138006)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou,China(201804020094)the Special Support Program for High-level Professionals on Scientific and Technological Innovation of Guangdong Province,China(2014TX01R201)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81973131,81903395,81803319,82003520)National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(81325018).
文摘Dear Editor,Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)is a common malignancy in East and Southeast Asia,especially in South China.The etiology of NPC has been linked to genetic susceptibility,Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)infection,and environmental factors.Accumulated evidence including multiple genome-wide association studies(GWASs)has revealed robust genetic predisposition of NPC.However,GWAS-identified genetic variants collectively account for only 8.2%of NPC heritability[1].The underlying inherited predisposition is largely undetermined.The strongest genetic signal for NPC consistently hits the human leukocyte antigen(HLA)region on 6p21[2].However,the highly polymorphic nature and complicated long-range linkage disequilibrium(LD)in the HLA region particularly obscure the causal variants driving the association.In addition,most genetic variants located in introns or intergenic regions.The causal genes mediating genetic effects on NPC risk have rarely been ascertained by GWAS alone.
文摘Over the past 70 years,the world has witnessed extraordinary growth in crop productivity,enabled by a suite of technological advances,including higher yielding crop varieties,improved farm management,synthetic agrochemicals,and agricultural mechanization.While this"Green Revolution"intensified crop production,and is credited with reducing famine and malnutrition,its benefits were accompanied by several undesirable collateral effects(Pingali,2012).These include a narrowing of agricultural biodiversity,stemming from increased monoculture and greater reliance on a smaller number of crops and crop varieties for the majority of our calories.This reduction in diversity has created vulnerabilities to pest and disease epidemics,climate variation,and ultimately to human health(Harlan,1972).
文摘Aberrant angiogenesis is implicated in diseases affecting nearly 10%of the world’s population.The most widely used antiangiogenic drug is bevacizumab,a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that targets human VEGFA.Although bevacizumab does not recognize mouse Vegfa,it inhibits angiogenesis in mice.Here we show bevacizumab suppressed angiogenesis in three mouse models not via Vegfa blockade but rather Fc-mediated signaling through FcγRI(CD64)and c-Cbl,impairing macrophage migration.Other approved humanized or human IgG1 antibodies without mouse targets(adalimumab,alemtuzumab,ofatumumab,omalizumab,palivizumab and tocilizumab),mouse IgG2a,and overexpression of human IgG1-Fc or mouse IgG2a-Fc,also inhibited angiogenesis in wild-type and FcγR humanized mice.This anti-angiogenic effect was abolished by Fcgr1 ablation or knockdown,Fc cleavage,IgG-Fc inhibition,disruption of Fc-FcγR interaction,or elimination of FcRγ-initated signaling.Furthermore,bevacizumab’s Fc region potentiated its anti-angiogenic activity in humanized VEGFA mice.Finally,mice deficient in FcγRI exhibited increased developmental and pathological angiogenesis.These findings reveal an unexpected anti-angiogenic function for FcγRI and a potentially concerning off-target effect of hIgG1 therapies.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program (2006AA02Z4A9)the National Science and Technology Major Project of Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2009ZX10004,2012ZX10004206)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30971610, 30900053)
文摘Staphylococcus aureus is a common human bacterium that sometimes becomes pathogenic,causing serious infections.A key feature of S.aureus is its ability to acquire resistance to antibiotics.The presence of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome(SCC) element in serotypes of S.aureus has been confirmed using multiplex PCR assays.The SCC element is the only vector known to carry the mecA gene,which encodes methicillin resistance in S.aureus infections.Here,we report the genome sequence of a novel methicillin-sensitive S.aureus(MSSA) strain:SCC-like MSSA463.This strain was originally erroneously serotyped as methicillin-resistant S.aureus in a clinical laboratory using multiplex PCR methods.We sequenced the genome of SCC-like MSSA463 using pyrosequencing techniques and compared it with known genome sequences of other S.aureus isolates.An open reading frame(CZ049;AB037671) was identified downstream of attL and attR inverted repeat sequences.Our results suggest that a lateral gene transfer occurred between S.aureus and other organisms,partially changing S.aureus infectivity.We propose that attL and attR inverted repeats in S.aureus serve as frequent insertion sites for exogenous genes.
基金supported by Institut National du Cancer(Grant No.9533)Fondation ARC(Grant No.PGA120150202302).
文摘Background:Populations of French Polynesia(FP),where France performed atmospheric tests between 1966 and 1974,experience a high incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer(DTC).However,up to now,no sufficiently large study of DTC genetic factors in this population has been performed to reach definitive conclusion.This research aimed to analyze the genetic factors of DTC risk among the native FP populations.Methods:We analyzed more than 300000 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)genotyped in 283 DTC cases and 418 matched controls born in FP,most being younger than 15 years old at the time of the first nuclear tests.We analyzed the genetic profile of our cohort to identify population subgroups.We then completed a genome-wide analysis study on the whole population.Results:We identified a specific genetic structure in the FP population reflecting admixture from Asian and European populations.We identified three regions associated with increased DTC risk at 6q24.3,10p12.2,and 17q21.32.The lead SNPs at these loci showed respective p-values of 1.66×10^(−7),2.39×10^(−7),and 7.19×10^(−7) and corresponding odds ratios of 2.02,1.89,and 2.37.Conclusion:Our study results suggest a role of the loci 6q24.3,10p12.2 and 17q21.32 in DTC risk.However,a whole genome sequencing approach would be better suited to characterize these factors than genotyping with microarray chip designed for the Caucasian population.Moreover,the functional impact of these three new loci needs to be further explored and validated.
